高中英语独立主格结构
完整版)高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解

完整版)高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解独立主格独立主格结构是指带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句或无动词分句。
由于独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语,与主句无关,因此传统语法称其为“独立主格结构”。
实际上,独立主格结构是一种从属分句,与主句共同表达一个完整的意思,通常在句中起状语分句的作用。
独立主格结构可放于句首或句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。
独立主格结构由名词或代词作逻辑主语和非谓语动词分句或无动词分句组成。
非谓语动词分句包括现在分词、过去分词和不定式,无动词分句包括名词、形容词、副词和介词短语。
基本形式为:名词普通格/代词主格+非谓语动词分句/无动词分句,with引导的复合结构。
现在分词表示前面名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态,过去分词表示前面名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的状态,不定式表示将来的动作。
例如,“The man lay there。
his handstrembling.”,“So many students being ab sent。
the meeting had to be put off.”,“The boy lay on his back。
his hands crossed under his head.”,“He suggested going for a ic。
Mary to provide the food.”。
在独立主格结构中,being或havingbeen有时可以省略。
These are the first two books。
and the third one is set to be released next month。
We will gather at 7:30.and the n will XXX 8.Many people。
including women and children。
joined in the work。
He XXX。
The XXX。
so we had to wait outside for a while。
高中英语语法 独立主格结构用法全解(含答案)

独立主格结构独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语)1. 名词(代词)+现在分词Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
高中英语独立主格

英语中常见的几种独立主格结构:1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。
名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。
如:The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。
2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。
名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。
如:The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。
Her glasses broken (= Because her g lasses were broken), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。
3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。
名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作。
动词不定式用主动的形式,如:He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店。
★在“名词/主格代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
如:His mother to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。
高一英语知识点独立主格

高一英语知识点独立主格在英语语法中,独立主格是一种常见的句法结构,通常用于表示两个相互关联的动作或情况。
独立主格由一个名词(或代词)和一个现在分词构成,用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。
独立主格用于说明原因、条件、时间、方式等情况,能够增加句子的信息量,使句子更加丰富多样。
本文将介绍高一英语中关于独立主格的相关知识点。
一、独立主格的构成独立主格通常由一个名词(或代词)和一个现在分词构成。
名词可以是任何合适的名词,现在分词则根据句子的语境来选择。
例如:1. Tom, his hands shaking, gave a speech at the ceremony.2. The girl, her voice trembling, sang beautifully on the stage.在上述例句中,"his hands shaking"和"her voice trembling"就是独立主格,分别由名词和现在分词构成,用逗号与主句隔开。
二、独立主格的用法1. 表示原因当独立主格表示原因时,它往往用于解释一个动作或情况的原因。
例如:1. The weather being fine, we decided to go for a picnic.2. The deadline approaching, he worked day and night to finish the project.2. 表示条件独立主格可用于表示一个动作或情况发生的条件或前提。
例如:1. The exam finished, the students were relieved.2. The rain stopping, we went out for a walk.3. 表示时间独立主格可以用来表示与主句的动作或情况同时发生的时间。
例如:1. The bell ringing, the students lined up for class.2. The sun setting, the sky turned a beautiful shade of orange.4. 表示方式独立主格用于描述主句中的动作或情况的方式或态度。
高中英语独立主格知识点(全)

独立主格独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构,可以理解为一个在句中做状语..的短语,用于修饰整个句子。
其位置灵活,可位于句前、句中或句末,常由逗号将其与句子分开。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
独立主格结构主要有两部分构成:逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。
名词或代词.....作为逻辑主语;现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语等作为逻辑谓语。
独立主格结构具有两个特点:1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开独立主格结构有三种类型:1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语3. with/without + 复合宾语(不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语)(一)非谓语动词独立主格结构逻辑主语+非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)1. “名词/代词+不定式”结构由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态,在句中常作原.因状语.......,偶尔作条件状语e.g. His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.e.g. No one to wake me up, I might be late for the first class.如果没人叫醒我,我会错过第一节课的。
2.“名词/代词+现在分词”结构该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式或伴随状语等。
(1) 作时间状语:Everyone having sat down, the teacher began his class.每个人都坐好后,老师开始上课。
(相当于时间状语从句: When everyone had sat down)(2) 作原因状语:The boy leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.由那个男孩带路,我们没有困难就走出了森林。
高中英语 独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)

独立主格结构“独立主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“独立结构”。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。
(一)独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分,形式为:基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1.名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例:The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注:“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去,形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。
2.名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例:The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3.名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(游行)to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例:Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.5.名词/代词+形容词短语形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。
高二英语独立主格

由于孩子们在上学,所以当我们想度假时而不能去度 假。(原因状语)
2)The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿。(行为方式)
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句 隔开。
二、独立主格结构的形式 独立主格结构可分为两部分,一部分是名词或代词(主
格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、
名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或
代词的状态、状况或动作
1)名词/代词+形容词 I heard that she got injured in the accident,my heart full of worry. He stood silent in the moon-light,his door open. 2)名词/代词+现在分词 Winter coming,it gets colder and colder. The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 3)名词/代词+过去分词 More time given,we should have done it much better.、 The boy stood there,his right hand raised.
(原因状语)
With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.(伴随情 况)
高中英语语法精讲独立主格结构

高中英语语法精讲独立主格结构独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)是高中英语语法中的一个重要知识点,也是较为困惑和难以理解的一部分内容。
独立主格结构指的是由名词或代词与现在分词或过去分词构成的结构,它独立于主句的成分,但又与主句的动作、状态有一定的关系。
本文将详细介绍独立主格结构的定义、构成、用法以及常见错误。
一、独立主格结构的定义和构成1.定义:独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词(称为主格)和一个现在分词或过去分词构成,并且在句子中独立存在,不与主句的其他成分构成谓语动词关系。
2.构成:独立主格结构由以下三部分组成:-名词或代词(主格)-现在分词或过去分词-结构补充成分(可能省略)例如:1) The sun having set, we decided to go home.(由于太阳已经下山,所以我们决定回家。
)2) Her homework finished, she went out to play.(她做完了作业,就出去玩了。
)3) The weather being so hot, we decided to go swimming.(由于天气太热,我们决定去游泳。
)二、独立主格结构的用法独立主格结构常用于下面几种情况:1.表示主句和从句发生的动作同时进行例如:- The teacher leaving the room, the students began to talk.(老师离开教室,学生们就开始聊天。
)2.表示原因、条件或时间例如:- The story being interesting, I couldn't help but read it all night.(由于这个故事很有趣,所以我忍不住整夜读完了它。
)3.表示伴随、结果或程度例如:- His hands trembling, he couldn't hold the cup steady.(他的手颤抖着,无法将杯子稳住。
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独立主格结构独立主格结构是由名词或代词,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、介词短语或不定式构成的。
该结构意思完整,但不能单独使用,可以在句中作状语,用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等,一般都有逗号与主句分开。
该结构中,being或having been有时可以省去,但在there be句型中或逻辑主语是代词时一般不省。
一、时间:The moon appearing, they went out for a walk. 月亮出来了,他们到外面去散步。
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议结束,他们都回家了。
Hello said, he reached out his hand. 打过招呼,他就把手伸了出来。
The test finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The meeting gone over, everyone tried to go home earlier. 会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
Goodbye said, the little boy as well as his classmates left school and went home happily. 告辞之后,小男孩和他的同学一起高高兴兴地回家了。
The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan. 决定已经做出,下个问题就是怎样制订好的计划。
Their work done, the workers left the factory. 活干完之后,工人们离开了工厂。
The meeting over, the officials came out. 会议结束之后,官员们出来了。
The speech having been delivered,a lively discussion started.演讲结束后,就开始了热烈的讨论。
So said, it was done. 这样说了,就这样做了。
二、原因:The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。
It being Sunday, he got up very late. 这天是星期天,所以他起得很晚。
There being no one in the room, I didn’t go in. 看到房间里没人,我就没有进去。
Wednesday being so close upon us, we determined to go back to London that night. 星期三这么近了,我们决定当天晚上回到伦敦。
The driver seeing a rock on the road, the car was stopped. 看到路上有块石头,司机就把汽车停住了。
A teacher to visit, he can’t go and play football with you today. 由于老师要来,他今天不能和你一起去踢球了。
The day being hot, we went swimming. 由于天热,我们就去游泳了。
There being nothing to do, I went out for a walk. 因为没事可做,我就出去散散步。
The bus being late, they missed the train. 由于公交迟到,他们误了这班火车。
The driver seeing a boy on the road, the car was stopped. 司机看到路上有个小孩儿,就把车停住了。
Greatly surprised, I read diary after diary, each expressing a similar theme. 极度惊讶之中,我一篇接一篇地看着日记,每一篇表现的主题都很相似。
All flights having been canceled, we decided to take the train. 既然所有的航班都已取消,我们就决定乘火车。
Her mother having fallen ill, she had to stay at home and look after her. 因为母亲生了病,她不得不留在家里照顾母亲。
The window open while he slept , he caught a cold. 他睡觉时开着窗子,所以感冒了。
A new technique having been worked out, the output as a whole increased by20 percent. 新技术出现后,总产量增加了20%.There being no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live. 既没有新鲜的饮用水又没有好的土地可以耕种,这儿住着不会舒心的。
The old man being unable to lift his half-frozen body from the ground, the horseman helped him onto the horse and took him not just across the river, but to his destination. 老人冻得半僵的身体已经不听使唤了,骑马人就扶他上马,不但驮他过了河,而且还把他送到了目的地。
Mr Li being a senior teacher, we all respect him. 因为李先生是高级教师,我们大家都尊敬他。
So many directors being absent,the board meeting had to be put off.这么多董事长都不在,董事会只得推迟了。
The people putting up the new year’s decorations, the city took on a holiday appearance. 人们点缀上新年的装饰品,城市就披上了节日的盛装。
Food run out, the poor man suffered from hunger. 食物吃完了,这个可怜的人只好挨饿了。
The theory being that since this is a high-ticket item and she is “such a big girl”, it would be much better for her to pick it out. 理论上讲是这样,由于这是个极合适的东西,她也是“这么个大姑娘”了,所以她能够认识到这一点就谢天谢地了。
She walked throughout the garden smelling all the flowers and was lost in amazement at the differences in their aromas, each splendid in its own way.她走过花园闻遍所有的花,为它们不同的芳香所陶醉,因为每一种都有自己烂漫的方式。
Her hair done up in a strange way, many of her colleagues could not help making fun of her.由于她的发型非常奇怪,很多同事都禁不住取笑她。
It was truly a magnificent hill, its sand golden, its grass sparse but tall and green in summer.这座山真的很宏伟,沙粒金黄,青草稀疏,但夏季长得又绿又高。
三、条件:Weather permitting, we shall climb the Great Wall tomorrow. 如果天气许可的话,我们明天就登长城。
That done, she set about finding Mr. Ferguson. 做完那件事她就着手寻找弗格森医生。
Spring coming on, the trees turned green. 春天到了,树变绿了。
All being well, the bargain can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction. 一切就绪之后,通常不到五分钟就可成交,几乎不磨嘴皮,并且人人满意。
The work done, John went to see a film. 做完了这项工作,约翰就看电影去了。
The sun setting, they went home. 太阳落山,他们就回家了。
The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began. 听众落座之后,音乐会开始。
All things considered, I’d say that it was a little unreliable. 全盘考虑之后,我得说这事有点不可靠。
Everything taken into consideration, they ought to have another chance. 考虑到各种情形,应该再给他们一次机会。
Such being the case, I couldn’t but support him. 既然情况如此,那我只好支持他了。
Other things being equal,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure tosucceed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.其它条件相等的情况下,能够有效地表达自己意思的人肯定要比一个语言贫乏的人成功得快。
All flights having been canceled because of the snow-storm,many passengers could do nothing but take the train.所有航班都因暴风雪而取消,因此,很多乘客只好坐火车。