上海市某小区生活污水处理工程设计_毕业设计

上海应用技术学院毕业设计题目：上海市某小区生活污水处理工程设计专业：环境工程班级：09107***学生姓名：***学生学号：09107*****指导教师：***化学与环境工程学院2013年5月30日上海应用技术学院毕业设计（论文）任务书上海市某小区生活污水处理工程设计设计总说明：生活污水是指城市机关、学校和居民在日常生活中产生的废水，包括厕所粪尿、洗衣洗澡水、厨房等家庭排水以及商业、医院和游乐场所的排水等。

人类生活过程中产生的污水，是水体的主要污染源之一，尤其是粪便和洗涤污水。

城市每人每日排出的生活污水量为150~400L，其量与生活水平有密切关系。

生活污水中含有大量有机物，如纤维素、淀粉、糖类和脂肪蛋白质等；也常含有病原菌、病毒和寄生虫卵；无机盐类的氯化物、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、碳酸氢盐和钠、钾、钙、镁等。

总的特点是含氮、含硫和含磷高，在厌氧细菌作用下，易生恶臭物质。

人们应该保护水资源。

小区生活污水的处理近年来越来越受到重视。

小区污水不同于城市污水，城市污水通常包括部分工业废水，而小区污水则属于生活污水范畴。

其特点为水质水量变化较大，污染物浓度偏低，污水可生化性良好，处理难度小，适合采用生物处理的方法。

该设计要求执行城镇污水处理厂一级B标准和相应的工程设计规范，包括《室外排水设计规范》(GB50014-2006)正式版，《给水排水制图标准》(GBT50106-2001)，《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)。

小区污水处理工程设计应遵循以下原则：1）出水要求和处理程度。

一般来说，不同小区对出水要求的差异较大，应根据我国《地面环境质量标准》(GB3838-88)和《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-96)的有关规定以及当地环保部门的要求确定处理程度，以确保出水水质。

如果出水采用土地处理法处理，则应符合土地处理法的要求。

2）污水处理设施的设计和建设必须结合小区的整体规划和建筑特点，即外观设计上要与小区建筑环境相协调，力求美观。

3）在污水处理工艺上力求简单实用，以方便管理。

4）在高程布置上应尽量采用立体布局，充分利用地下空间；平面布置上要紧凑，以节省用地。

5）污水处理厂位置应尽可能位于小区下风向，与其他建筑物保持一定距离，以减少对环境的影响。

6）处理装置设备化、定型化、模块化，施工安装方便，运行简易，设备性能稳定，适合分期建设。

7）处理程度高，污泥产量少，并尽可能采用节能处理技术。

8）处理构筑物对水力负荷和有机物负荷的适应范围较大，使系统有较好的抗冲击负荷能力。

9）由于小区内的人口是逐渐增加的，因此小区污水处理厂应将可预期的发展规划作为流量设计的基础。

根据我国情况，可考虑采用20年的设计周期。

本设计的计算部分主要参考了《给水排水设计手册》，其中CASS(循环式活性污泥法)主反应池的计算参考了《活性污泥工艺简明原理及设计计算》。

关键词：生活污水；处理；活性污泥法；《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》；循环式活性污泥法The Domestic Sewage Treatment Project Design of aCommunity in ShanghaiAbstract:Domestic sewage is a kind of wastewater generated by the city authorities, schools and residents in their daily lives, including toilet waste, laundry bath water, kitchen and other household drainage as well as drainage of commercial, hospitals and playgrounds. Sewage generated in the process of human life, is one of the major pollution sources of the water body, especially feces and washing sewage. The amount of domestic sewage discharged from 150~400L everybody per day in city, which is closely related to the quality of life. Domestic sewage contains a large number of organic compounds, such as cellulose, starch, sugars, fats and proteins, etc; and often contains pathogenic bacteria, viruses and parasite eggs; inorganic salts of chloride, sulfate, phosphate, bicarbonate and sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, etc. The general characteristic is high in nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus, and prone to malodorous substances under the effect of anaerobic bacteria. We should protect water resources.The treatment of residential domestic sewage gets more and more attention in recent years. Residential sewage is different from urban sewage. Urban sewage usually contains the industrial waste water, but residential sewage belongs to domestic sewage. Its characteristic is big changes of water quality and low concentration of pollutants. It is easy to deal with and suitable for biological treatment methods.The design requires executing level 1B of municipal wastewater treatment plant and other relevant engineering design standard, including “Code for design of outdoor wastewater engineering”(GB50014-2006), “Standard for water supply and drainage drawings”(GBT50106-2001), “Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant”(GB18918-2002).Residential sewage treatment project design should follow the following principles: 1) Yielding water demand and the degree of processing. Generally, different community has a quite difference in yielding water demand, according to “Environmental quality standards for ground”(GB3838-88) and “Integrated wastewater discharge standard”(GB8978-96) and the requirements of the local environmental protection department to determine levels of treatments and demand of yielding water. If yielding water is dealt with by land treatment methods, it should accord with the requirements of the law of the land treatment. 2) The design and construction of sewage treatment facilities must be combined with the overall planning and architectural features of the community design, and design should strive in harmony withcommunity building environment for beautiful. 3) Strive simple and practical in the sewage treatment process to facilitate management. 4) Strive to use stereo layout and underground space in elevation layout. Horizontal layout should be compact in order to save the land. 5) The location of the sewage treatment plant should locate in the downwind area of community and keep distance from other building in order to reduce the impact on the environment. 6) Treatment device is modularization and canalization. Canalization and installation are easy and simple to operation. Device performances stable and it is suitable for phased construction. 7) The degree of treatment is high and the production of sludge is less. Use energy-efficient processing technology as much as possible. 8) The adaptation of treatment structures to hydraulic load and organic load has a wide range, so that the system has a good resistance to impact load. 9) As the population of the community is increasing, the residential sewage treatment plant should find a development plan which can be expected as the basis of the flow design. According to China’s situation, consider using the 20-year design cycle.The calculation of my design major refers to “Water Supply and Drainage Design Manual”, and the calculation of CASS reaction cell refers to “Concise Principle and Design Calculation of Activated Sludge Process”.Keywords:Domestic Sewage; Treatment; Activated Sludge Method; “Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant”; Cyclic Activated Sludge System目录设计总说明 (4)Abstract (5)目录 (7)1.绪论 (9)1.1 小区生活污水的现状及危害 (9)1.2 生活污水常规处理方法 (10)1.2.1人工生物净化 (10)1.2.2自然生物净化 (10)1.3 国内生活污水处理新工艺 (11)1.3.1水力旋转生物膜反应器 (11)1.3.2双膜H/O工艺 (11)1.3.3波式潜流人工湿地W-SFCW (11)1.3.4 悬浮填料生物接触氧化法 (12)1.4 国外小区污水处理新工艺 (12)1.4.1 超压缩生物滤池反应器 (12)1.4.2 营养生物膜工艺 (13)1.4.3 旋转生物接触器(Rotating Biological Contactor，RBC) (13)2.小区生活污水处理方案 (14)2.1 小区生活污水处理工程设计原则 (14)2.2 小区生活污水处理应注意的问题 (15)2.3 小区污水处理流程 (15)2.4 常用小区污水处理方法 (15)2.4.1 生物接触氧化法 (15)2.4.2 A2/O工艺 (16)2.4.3 改良Bardenpho工艺 (17)2.4.4 SBR及变形工艺 (18)2.5 某小区污水处理工艺的选择 (21)2.6 某小区污水处理工程设计内容 (22)3.工艺设计计算 (24)3.1 格栅 (24)3.1.1 设计参数 (24)3.1.2 设计计算 (25)3.2 竖流式沉淀池 (27)3.2.1 竖流式沉淀池的工作原理 (27)3.2.2 设计参数 (27)3.2.3 设计计算 (28)3.3 CASS池 (30)3.3.1 设计参数 (30)3.3.2 设计计算 (32)4.概预算 (41)4.1 编制依据 (41)4.2 工程投资概算 (41)4.2.1 直接费用 (41)4.2.2 间接费用 (42)4.3 直接运营费用 (42)致谢 (44)参考文献 (44)1. 绪论1.1 小区生活污水的现状及危害随着经济和人口的不断增长，近几年上海市污水量不断增加而水坏境每况愈下，大量未经处理的污水直接排入周围河流，几大河流相继被严重污染，人类和生物赖以生存的生态环境受到了日益严重的威胁。