中、英文摘要撰写规范及样例
英文摘要格式范例
英文樣張【英文文體一律使用Times New Roman，摘要頁面為A4一頁，內容包含題目、作者單位及內文一律以字形大小12 書寫；上下邊界 2.54cm、左右邊界3.17cm，無裝訂邊】Investigation of Strong Aftershock SequencesCheng-Horng LinInstitute of Earth Sciences, Academia SinicaAbstractThe 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake (Mw=7.6) triggered a huge number of strong aftershocks in the Taiwan area. Those earthquakes provide an ideal opportunity to statistically examine possible mechanisms of both earthquake triggering and fault interaction.IntroductionThe 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake (Mw = 7.6), one of the best instrumentally recorded earthquakes in the world (Teng et al., 2001), has provided another reliable seismic data set with which to examine possible mechanisms of earthquake triggering and fault interaction.ReferencesAndrew, M.F. and J. Lin, 2001: Delayed triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by viscoelastic stress transfer, Nature, 411, 180-183.Chen, K.C. and J.H. Wang, 1988: A study on two 1986 Hualien, Taiwan earthquakes and their aftershocks, Proc. Geol. Soc. China, 31, 65-72.Figure 1. Distribution of earthquakes (small dots) after the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake (a thick circle) and the general geology of the island of Taiwan. Most earthquakes are grouped into two seismic zones (i.e., the Chi-Chi and the Central Range seismic zones) marked by dashed-boxes. The regional seismic network(CWBSN) was marked by triangles.。
英语论文摘要怎么写
英语论文摘要怎么写，并附上范例一则，希望对大家的英语论文摘要写作有所帮助。
英语专业本科毕业论文论文摘要格式中英文摘要对应，内容要基本保持一致;中文在前，英文在后。
字数为300-500字左右。
1.中文摘要①首行居中打印论文中文标题(宋体四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印摘要二字(宋体小四号加粗)，字间空一字符。
③摘要二字下空一行打印摘要内容(宋体小四号)。
④摘要内容后下空一行打印关键词三字(宋体小四号加粗)，其后接着打印关键词(3-7个，宋体小四号)，各关键词之间用逗号隔开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
2.英文摘要①首行居中打印论文英文标题(Times New Roman四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印英文单词Abstract (Times New Roman 小四号加粗)。
③下空一行打印摘要内容(Times New Roman小四，1.5倍行距，两端对齐)④摘要内容后下空一行打印Key Words ( Times New Roman 小四号加粗)，其后接着打印关键词(3-7个关键词，Times New Roman小四号)。
除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写。
各关键词之间用分号隔开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
⑤摘要正文各自然段首行空5个字符。
Self-Knowledge of Emma(空1行)Abstract(空1行)Emma lives in a quite simple environment. When she is a little child, her mother dies and she is spoiled by her father. Having such a background, Emma is dominant, aggressive and imaginative. After she experiences the two major affairs in her life----the relationship with Harriet and her emotion towards Mr. Knightley, she realizes her own faults and acquires self-knowledge of both moral faults and emotion.After Emma fails to be a match-maker of Harriet and Mr. Knightley, she comes to know that feelings can not be imagined and that she should not force her own idea on others mind. And this is the very beginning of Emma s self-knowledge.(空1行)Key Words: Emma; characters; match-making; self-knowledge范例：A Brief Discussion on Cultural Difference between Chinese and EnglishAbstractWord is the product of society,which is the history of mankind and which is the crystallization of history and culture.It embodied a nation's social consciousness from generation to generation, history, culture, and other areas all the features of human society. The essence of which is dependent because of their different cultural background, language background and traditional factors above. chinese and english are quite different.such as mode of living,values,atandard of behavior,formality,customs. Language is is both the carrier and the product of culture, the cultural enrichment of information is an important part ofculture, Language reflects the culture of development and changes, but also a direct reflection of the cultural differences.As we all know china and english has different cultural atmosphere .china has a long history and rich culture. English in the contemporary world political, economic, cultural and other fields to play with temporary no other language can replace the role of English in a number of countries in addition to the mother tongue but also as a second language or foreign language in common use in many countries. As a symbol system, English is a kind of language, on their use, in today's world there are all sorts of English and English is in fact the name of a simple terms, we can not hope that justice Literal It is a single, homogeneous phenomenon it is all around the world and under different circumstances the use of the many variants of the English pool. However, due to geographical, historical, cultural, and social customs of different factors such as the impact of today's visit to English furniture has evolved into a wider impact on the two variants of the worldwide English, which is British English and American English. With the development of their own language, their own characteristics of the formation, and there are differences between. In American English and British English, is concernedabout the characteristics of the norms word. In this paper, the British and American English in origin and development of a simple introduction, the United Kingdom and the United States in terms of language study and to explore differences in the two English-speaking characteristics and differences, the right to express and enrich the relevant knowledge of English, improve application English ability.Key word: dependent; culture; atmosphere中西方文化差异摘要词是社会的的结晶，是人类历史和文化的结晶。
怎样写英文摘要（5篇）
怎样写英文摘要（5篇）第一篇：怎样写英文摘要摘要的类型与基本内容根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要(1)报道性摘要(informative abstract)：也常称作信息性摘要或资料性摘要，其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和结论。
通常,这种摘要可以部分地取代阅读全文。
(2)指示性摘要(indicative abstract)：也常称为说明性摘要、描述性摘要(descriptive abstract)或论点摘要(topic abstract)，一般只用二三句话概括论文的主题，而不涉及论据和结论，多用于综述、会议报告等。
该类摘要可用于帮助潜在的读者来决定是否需要阅读全文。
(3)报道-指示性摘要(informative-indicative abstract)：以报道性摘要的形式表述一次文献中的信息价值较高的部分，以指示性摘要的形式表述其余部分。
传统的摘要多为一段式，在内容上大致包括引言(Introduction)，材料与方法(Materials and Methods)，结果(Results)和讨论(Discussion)等主要方面，即IMRAD((Introduction，Methods，Results and Discussion)结构的写作模式。
20世纪80年代中期出现了另一种摘要文体，即“结构式摘要"(structured abstract),该摘要实质上是报道性摘要的结构化表达。
写摘要的注意事项摘要主要讲述本论文的要点。
结论写完以后再写摘要.摘要给人第一口苹果的品尝效果.审稿人一般用15分钟看摘要和引言.如果第一印象不好,他/她会去寻找理由建议主编退稿.5 摘要的读者面比论文全文的读者面大得多。
不要用第一人称。
写摘要的顺序第一句话：讲一下你这篇文章的研究意义（但是有的杂志不需要这句话）第二句话：以 To eluicdatie the mechanism..., To investigate....,或者for the purpose of....开头来讲述你这样研究的目的。
英语摘要范文5篇
1、现代化要求教师角色重新定位。
The Demand of Relocating Teachers’ Role in ModernizationIn the current era of globalization, the role of teacher in education is undergoing great change. Instead of providing knowledge for students once and for all, teachers are expected to show the students how to find, obtain and use knowledge on their own. More importantly, teachers should act as a facilitator and counselor for students’ future development. To achieve this goal, teachers need to respond to students’ abilities and adapt to the changing demand readily. In brief, teaching is all about offering paths to students and keeping them highly motivated on the way.2、博物馆免费开放：亟待公众热情参与。
The Museum is Free：the Enthusiasm of the Public is ExpectedIn March 2008, our government had made a decision that the museum would be opened free for the public. This decision is welcomed and shortens the distance between the public and the museum, which not only ensures the cultural rights of the public but also promotes economic growth though it still has some disadvantages. Specifically speaking, it provides an opportunity for the public participation and can arouse their enthusiasm. Meantime, the system construction of the public participation should be strengthened thereby to improve the utilization of the publiccultural resources. Moreover, various museum exhibitions can sat isfy the pu blic’s spiritual andcultural needs and cultivate their loyalty and enhance the cohesion of a nation. Besides, it also promotes the local economic development based on the development of cultural heritage.3、论科学研究的方法。
论文英文摘要要求与格式(免费)
Reports of the synthesis of new dendrimers containing organometallic fragments have increased dramatically over the past few years and examples of dendrimers containing many different metals are now known. This article highlights some of the ways in which transition metals and their ligand systems have been incorporated into the growing number of dendrimers. Some structural details and properties of metal containing dendrimers are described , and their applications are also discussed.
语 态
科技文章一般都着重客观叙述,极力排除主观 成分,不带感情色彩。因此写英文摘要时,往往采用 第三人称的被动语态。用被动语态可以避免提及 有关的执行者,使行文显得客观。同时,被动语态的 句子在结构上有较大的调节余地,有利于采用恰当 的修辞手段,扩展名词短语,扩大句子的信息量,有 利于突出有关的概念、问题、事实、结论等内容。 但有些表达采用主动语态比被动语态在结构上更 简练,表达更为直接有力,可以突出动词所表达的内 容。
一、标题撰写：
一般来讲论文英文标题应和汉语标题相对 应，但是由于科技英语本身的特点，英文标 题也不是汉语标题的机械对译。汉语标题中 修饰语在前，中心词（Head word）一般在 后。英语标题往往先提中心词，修饰语在后。 如：论计算机集成制造系统的数据管理，On Data Management of Computer Integrated Manufacturing System; 公路两侧土壤铅污染 研究 A Study on Lead Pollution Along the Highway.
英文摘要写作规范
毕业论文（设计）英文摘要写作规范一、标题拟定原则及大小写规则书写英文论文摘要时必然涉及题目、作者的英译。
对此应注意以下几点：1．一般题目中除冠词、介词和连词外，其余所有实词的第一个字母都应大写，当介词、冠词和连词在题目的开头或最末一个词时也应大写。
有些刊物则规定题目的所有字母都大写。
题目不宜超过20字，在一行不够书写时，可分成两行，此时第二行的第一个字母必须大写。
2．科技论文题目通常不加标点符号，也不使用引号，但允许使用破折号。
3．题目一般不必用完整的句子，大多数应该用名词短语，力求简、明、短。
英文标题写、译的常用结构：为了使科技论文题目的英译工作做得更符合习惯表达法，现列出最常见的几种固定表达格式，以供参考。
1．ⅹⅹⅹ的研究A Study on．．．Studies on．．．A Study of the．．．2．ⅹⅹⅹ的理论和实践研究A Theoretical and Experimental Study on．．．3．ⅹⅹⅹ的实验研究An Experimental Study on．．．Experimental Investigation for．．．4．ⅹⅹⅹ的研制Development of the．．．Research on．．．．．．Development5．ⅹⅹⅹ的最新研究New Researches on．．．6．ⅹⅹⅹ的初步研究A Preliminary Study of．．．7．ⅹⅹⅹ的研究报告Research Report on．．．8．ⅹⅹⅹ的研制及其应用The Research and Application of the．．．9．ⅹⅹⅹ优化设计的研究Research on Optimum Design of．．．10．ⅹⅹⅹ研究最终报告Final Study Report on．．．11．ⅹⅹⅹ的新进展Recent Advances in．．．Recent Progress in．．．12．ⅹⅹⅹ报告A Report of．．．13．ⅹⅹⅹ方法Methods of．．．14．ⅹⅹⅹ计算方法A Computational Method for．．．15．ⅹⅹⅹ的简化计算方法A Simplified Method of Calculation of．．．16．ⅹⅹⅹ的一个简化方法A Simplified Method for．．．17．ⅹⅹⅹ的一般分析法A General Analytic Method of．．．18．ⅹⅹⅹ方法的改进An Improvement on the Method of．．19．ⅹⅹⅹ的计算Calculation for．．．20．ⅹⅹⅹ的理论计算A Theoretical Calculation of．．．21．ⅹⅹⅹ近似计算The Approximate Calculation of．．．22．ⅹⅹⅹ分析An Analysis of．．．23．ⅹⅹⅹ的分析与计算Analysis and Calculation of．．．24．ⅹⅹⅹ探讨Exploration on．．．A Study of．．．Study on．．．Investigation on．．．Approach to．．．Research on．．．Discussion on．．．25．ⅹⅹⅹ的理论探讨A Research on the Theory of．．．26．ⅹⅹⅹ应用The Application of．．．The Application of．．．to．．．An Application of．．．The Use of．．．27．ⅹⅹⅹ及其应用．．．and Its Application．．．and Their Application28．ⅹⅹⅹ方法及其应用Method of．．．and Its Application 29．ⅹⅹⅹ对ⅹⅹⅹ的影响The Effect of ．．．on ．．．30．ⅹⅹⅹ的影响Influence of ．．．Influence on ．．．31．ⅹⅹⅹ的几个问题Some Problems of ．．．32．ⅹⅹⅹ的几个重要问题Some Important Problems in ．．．33．ⅹⅹⅹ的特性Characteristics of ．．．34．ⅹⅹⅹ的性能比较A Performance Comparison of ．．．35．ⅹⅹⅹ研制，性能评定和验证Development，Performance Assessment and Verification of ．．．36．ⅹⅹⅹ误差分析和实验验证The Error Analysis and Experimental Verification for ．．．37．ⅹⅹⅹ的设计与实现Design and Implementation of ．．．38．ⅹⅹⅹ的优化设计Optimization Design of ．．．Optimum Design of ．．．39．ⅹⅹⅹ的合理化设计The Rationalized Design of ．．．40．ⅹⅹⅹ的分析与改进Analysis and Improvement of ．．．41．ⅹⅹⅹ的可靠性分析Reliability Analysis of ．．．42．ⅹⅹⅹ的测量与分析The Measurement and Analysis of ．．．43．ⅹⅹⅹ自动测试系统The Automatic Test System of ．．．44．ⅹⅹⅹ的误差分析Error Analysis of ．．．45．ⅹⅹⅹ的实验Experiments on ．．．Test of ．．．46．ⅹⅹⅹ的实验测定Experimental Determination of ．．．47．ⅹⅹⅹ破坏性实验研究Destructive Test Study of ．．．48．ⅹⅹⅹ的性能评定Evaluation of ．．．49．ⅹⅹⅹ的性能Performance of ．．．50．ⅹⅹⅹ的实验研究Experimental Study for ．．．51．ⅹⅹⅹ的设计与研制Design and Development for ．．．52．ⅹⅹⅹ的设计标准．．．A Design Criteria for ．．．53．ⅹⅹⅹ的精密测量High Precision Measurement of ．．．54．ⅹⅹⅹ的方法和仪器Method and Apparatus for ．．．55．ⅹⅹⅹ的应用技术Applied Technology of ．．．56．ⅹⅹⅹ方案A Scheme of ．．．57．ⅹⅹⅹ的实用方案A Practical Scheme of ．．．58．ⅹⅹⅹ建议A Suggestion on ．．．59．ⅹⅹⅹ的若干建议Some Recommendations for ．．．60．ⅹⅹⅹ小结A Preliminary Summary of ．．．A Preliminary Report on ．．．A Brief Report of ．．．61．ⅹⅹⅹ的调查A Survey of ．．．62．ⅹⅹⅹ的回顾与进展A Review and Prospect of ．．．63．ⅹⅹⅹ目前和今后的发展趋势Present and Future Trends in ．．．64．ⅹⅹⅹ的述评Some Comments on ．．．65．评“ⅹⅹⅹ”Some Comments on ．．．66．ⅹⅹⅹ的注记A Note on ．．．67．ⅹⅹⅹ商榷A Discussion on ．．．68．ⅹⅹⅹ简介A Brief Description of ．．．69．论ⅹⅹⅹOn ．．．70．关于ⅹⅹⅹA Discussion on ．．．科技论文标题范例：1．A Study on Silurian Tempestites in Tazhong Area，Tarim Basin 塔中地区志留系风暴沉积2．Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Ordovician Car-Bonate Rocks in the Middle and Western Ordos鄂尔多斯盆地中西部地区奥陶系碳酸盐有机地球化学特征3．A History of Two-phase-filling of Crude Oil in the Upper Reservoir of Well Leng 118辽河油田冷118井上部油藏原油两期注入史4．On Relations Between Signal-to-noise Ratio and Fractional Dimension of Seismic Data地震数据信噪比与分数维的关系探讨5．Viscous Fingering in Self-affine Sierpinski Carpet自仿射Sierpinski地毯中的粘滞指进一、人名拼音书写规范作者姓名是学术期刊中的重要数据之一，它在目次页、正文、作者简介和参考文献等多处出现。
英语摘要如何写范文
英语摘要如何写范文英文回答：An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper, thesis, or other academic work. It provides a brief overview of the work's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract is typically the first part of a research paper, and it is often used by readers to decide whether or not to read the full paper.There are many different styles of abstracts, but they all typically include the following information:Purpose: The purpose of the research paper is stated in the abstract. For example, the purpose of the study might be to investigate the effects of a new drug or to test a new theory.Methods: The methods used in the research paper are described in the abstract. For example, the methods mightinclude a survey, an experiment, or a literature review.Results: The results of the research paper are presented in the abstract. For example, the results might show that a new drug is effective or that a new theory is supported.Conclusions: The conclusions of the research paper are stated in the abstract. For example, the conclusion might be that a new drug should be approved for use or that a new theory should be accepted.The abstract is a very important part of a research paper, and it should be written carefully. The abstract should be clear, concise, and informative. It should also be accurate and objective.中文回答：摘要是研究论文、论文或其他学术作品的简短总结。
英文摘要写作格式和输入规范要求
英文摘要和外文翻译的格式要求目录一、总体要求 (2)二、英文标题 (2)三、作者姓名 (2)四、摘要 (3)五、关键词 (3)六、正文。
(3)七、图表。
(4)八、参考文献。
(4)九、斜体。
(4)十、英国人姓名规则 (4)十一、英文大、小写字母的使用 (5)十二、英文回行的基本规则 (6)十三、段落规则 (7)十四、英文标点使用规则 (7)十五、英国英语和美国英语标点符号的差异 (19)十六、中英文标点符号的差异 (19)十七：中国学生常见标点符号错误例析 (21)一、总体要求要求英语语言较为地道、通顺、简练，语法正确，符合英语表达习惯，专业术语规范、准确。
外文页所有字体均为Times New Roman ，要在英文状态输入法下输入，注意标点符号是英文的。
请结合所给模版认真体会。
本说明未尽事项，请查阅相关规定。
二、英文标题题目应写在第一行的中间，题目左右两边的空白距离大致相等。
题目的第一个单词的第一个字母必须大写。
从第二个单词起，其中每个实义词的第一个字母大写，而冠词、介词和连词的第一个字母则一般小写。
如：A Day to RememberLet's Go in for Sports题目的另一种写法是所有单词的第一个字母全部用大写。
如：My Life As Factory WorkerA Walk Under The Rain写题目不要用括号或引号。
题目后除了问号和感叹号之外，不加其它标点符号。
1、冠词：位于标题头时，首字母大写；位于标题中时，全部字母小写；2、介词及连词：位于标题头时，首字母大写；位于标题中时，5个（含）以上字母的，首字母大写；4个（含）以下字母的，全部字母小写。
三、作者姓名居中，斜体；中国人姓名按照中国人习惯，姓前名后，姓全部字母大写，名第一个字母大写，若名为2个字，则2个字之间加短线“-”，作者姓名之间加逗号“·”最后两作者之间加“and”。
⑴XIANG Hong-qiong and FENG Zhi-xin⑵YANG Xiu-hong , WU Zong-pu and ZHANG Guo-dong⑶西方国家及其它国家人的姓名按其习慣顺序排列，如：Sophie Dupont；缩写姓名时，姓要大写，之间用句号；如：J. H. Caemmere ；M. H. Thatcher（句号后面空1字符）⑷作者姓名及其排序应与中文稿一致。
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中、英文摘要撰写规范及样例1 摘要的定义摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的、不加评论和补充解释、简明确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。
它用来报道作者的主要研究成果，向读者提供论文中全部创新内容和尽可能多的定量或定性的信息。
摘要重点包括四要素：目的、方法、结果和结论。
2 摘要的撰写原则1)论文摘要包括中文摘要和英文摘要。
一般中文摘要可以有400字左右，少也需要300字左右。
中、英文摘要应一致（意思和内容一致，但无需逐字照译，做到信、达、雅）。
2)文字简明扼要，提取论文中重要内容，不含前言、背景等细节部分，去掉旧结论、原始数据。
采用第三人称表述，不用“我们”“作者”“笔者”“本文”等做主语。
3)摘要不得简单重复题名中已有的信息；不用非公知公用的符号和术语,缩略语、缩写词、代号等在首次出现时必须加以说明；应采用法定计量单位,正确使用语言文字和标点符号；不使用特殊字符，也不使用图表和数学表达式；不列举例证。
3 摘要的四要素1)目的——研究、研制、调查等的前提、目的和任务，所涉及的主题范围。
2)方法——所用的原理、理论、条件、对象、材料、工艺、结构、手段、装备、程序等。
3)结果——实验的、研究的结果、数据，被确定的关系，观察结果，得到的效果，性能等。
4)结论——结果的分析、研究、比较、评价、应用，提出的问题，今后的课题，假设，启发，建议，预测等。
4 关键词关键词是论文的检索标志，是表达文献主题概念的自然语言词汇，一般从论文的题名、摘要和正文中提取。
每篇论文选取5～8个词作为关键词，将选出的关键词按照所涉及领域的范围从大到小顺序列出。
首选主题词（索引规范化的词或词组），再选自由词（未规范化的词或词组）。
中、英文关键词分别置于中文摘要和英文摘要之下，每个关键词之间用分号隔开。
5 英文摘要的写作规范5.1 英文摘要的时态用过去时态叙述作者工作，用现在时态叙述结论。
如："The structure of dislocation core in Gap was investigated by weak-be am electro microscope.（过去时叙述作者所做的工作）The dislocations are dissociated into two Shokley partials with separations of (80+10) and (40+10) A in the pure edge and screw cases respectively. " （现在时叙述研究的结论）5.2 英文摘要的语态主动语态和被动语态兼用。
5.3 英文摘要的文体风格1)摘要第一句话切不可与题名(Title)重复。
在EI中每篇摘要记录都是与题名连排的，只是题名用黑体排印，因此可以认为题名便是摘要的第一句话。
2)用重要的事实开头，尽量避免用辅助从句开头。
如：用"Power consumptionof telephone switching systems was determined from data obtainedexperimentally", 而不用"From data obtained experimentally, power consumption of telephone switching systems was determined"。
3)摘要最好要有具体内容，摘要中不能出现“图××”、“方程××”和“参考文献××”等句子。
对那些已经为大众所熟悉的缩写词，如radar、laser、CAD等，可以直接使用。
对于那些仅为同行所熟悉的缩略语，应在题目、摘要或关键词中至少出现一次全称。
4)组织好句子，使动词尽量靠近主语。
如：不用"The decolorization insolutions of the pigment in dioxane, which were exposed to 10h of UV irradiation, was no longer irreversible", 而用"When the pigment was dissolved in dioxane, decolorization was irreversible after 10h of UV irradiation"。
5)尽量采用-ing分词和-ed分词作定语，少用关系代词 which , who 等引导的定语从句。
6)不使用俚语、外来语表达概念，应用标准英语。
7)句子结构严谨完整，尽量用短句子。
用词力求简单，在表达同样意思时，尽量用短词代替长词，以常用词代替生僻词。
但是当描述方法、步骤时，应该用狭义词代替广义词。
例如，英文中有不少动词，do，run，get，take 等，虽简单常用，但其意义少则十几个，多则几十个，用这类词来描述研究过程，读者难免产生误解，甚至会不知所云，这就要求根据具体情况，选择意义相对明确的词，诸如perform, achieve等，以便于读者理解。
8)摘要叙述要简明，逻辑性要强。
9)技术术语尽量用工程领域的通用标准。
10)语言要简练，但不得使用电报语言。
11)文词要淳朴无华，不用多姿多态的文学性描述手法。
12)删繁从简。
如：用"increase"代替"has been found to increase"。
13)摘要中涉及他人的工作或研究成果时，尽量列出他们的名字。
14)摘要词语拼写，用英美拼法都可，但每篇中应保持一致。
5.4 典型句型摘要常用句型大体可归纳为：1)表示研究目的，常用在摘要之首，如：In order to…The purpose of this study is…2)表示研究的对象与方法，如：The curative effect/sensitivity/function] of certain[drug/kit/organ….] was [observed/detected/studied…3)表示研究的结果，如：The result showed/It proved/The authors found that…4)表示结论、观点或建议，如：The authors suggest/conclude/consider that…5.5 英文题名5.5.1 书写格式每个实词的首个字母大写，如：Costs, Risks and Benefits in Publishing。
题名中有冠词,介词,连接词，如若在题名中首字,或在冒号后副标题首字时,首字母要大写；介词多于3个字母时要大写, 如W ith, B etween , A bout。
5.5.2 文章标题的一些讲究1)英文题名开头第一词不得用The, And, An和A。
最好不用这些词：Study ,Investigation, and Observation of/on，An opening A and The…；2)用最少的字词或短语表达主要信息；3)避免缩写，除非普遍知晓的缩写。
6中、英文摘要样例中、英文摘要样例包括文题、作者姓名、单位、所在城市（非省会城市还要标出省名）、邮编。
猪屎豆、白灰毛豆在海南中线高速边坡生态恢复中的应用王倜1，陶双成1，薛铸1，吕晓宇2，王风2（1. 交通运输部科学研究院，北京100029；2. 海南省交通运输厅，海南海口570204）摘要：为了研究猪屎豆和白灰毛豆两种灌木在公路边坡生态恢复中的实际应用效果，2012 年在海南省中线高速（S21）选择骨架防护、三维网防护、普通喷播3 种典型防护形式坡面进行了猪屎豆、白灰毛豆灌木种子不同配比方案恢复试验。
试验结果表明，猪屎豆、白灰毛豆两种灌木的株高、冠幅、胸径、生长密度4 个生长指标变化特征与前期种子配比情况有直接关系，其中冠幅和胸径指标正相关，但是与株高和生长密度指标负相关。
该结果说明这两种灌木在海南省中线高速边坡（包括普通土质边坡和膨胀土劣质边坡）生态恢复中具有可行性，但是应调整灌木种子用量，确保灌木适宜的生长空间，维持灌木健壮的生长势，同时种子应合理搭配以维持后期边坡物种的多样性。
这一研究结果可为海南省中线高速边坡生态恢复提供一定的参考。
关键词：猪屎豆；白灰毛豆；海南省；中线高速；生态恢复中图分类号：U418.9 文献标识码：B 文章编号：Application of Crotalaria Pallida and Tephrosia Candida in Slope Ecological Rehabilitation Project of Middle Route Expressway inHainan Province说明：英文题名的所有实词首字母大写WANG Ti1，TAO Shuang-cheng1，XUE Zhu1，LV Xiao-yu2，WANG Feng2说明: 作者姓和名之间空格分开，姓的字母全部大写，名的首字母大写，其余字母小写，名字不同汉字的英文之间用“-”间隔；不同作者的姓名间用逗号间隔(1. China Academy of Transportation Sciences，Beijing 100029, China；2. Department of Transport of Hainan Province，Haikou 570204, China)说明: 作者的单位信息用括号包含，单位信息的英文同题名要求，实词首字母大写，虚词都小写。
Abstract: In order to study the ecological rehabilitation effect in practical application by using the seed of crotalaria pallida and tephrosia candida in the expressway side slope, some typical expressway slopes which are protected by framework, three-dimensional network and sowing by duster measures were selected to undertake slope recovery pilot projects, which includes two seed ratio programs by using the seed of crotalaria pallida and tephrosia candida in 2012 in Hainan. The results show that the four growth indicators which include height, crown width, diameter and density of crotalaria pallida and tephrosia candida are directly related to the ratio of programs, among them the crown and diameter indicators are related, but negatively related to the height and density index. Research results indicate that these two shrubs can be used to slope ecological restoration in ordinary soil slopes and expansive soil slopes with poor quality for middle route expressway in Hainan, but it should be appropriate to reduce the amount of shrub seeds to ensure these two shrubs have suitable space for growing, and this can maintain robust growth trend for shrubs. At the same time the seed should be reasonably collocated in order to maintain slope species diversity. The findings can be referenced as slope ecological restoration measures for middle route expressway in Hainan Province.Key words:crotalaria pallida; tephrosia candida; hainan province; middle route expressway; ecological restoration说明: 英文关键词之间用英文输入状态下的“；”分隔。