SCI常用句型库-- Stock Phrases
(完整版)SCI写作高频词汇和常用句型
第一部分同义词替换1. about（大约）—approximately2. get —obtain3. finish —complete4. change —transform5. method —technique6. buy —purchase7. ask —inquire8. begin、start —commence9. cheap —inexpensive10. obtainable —avaible11. use —employ12. have —possess13. get —acquire14. extra —additional15. help —assistance16. about（关于）—concerning17. enlarge —magnify18. many —numerous19. best —optimum20. lively —vigorous第二部分连接词使用1.并列递进：moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise, also, then, additionally2.转折：not, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, meanwhile, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely, paradoxically, by contrast, in spite of，rather than, instead of, unfortunately3.解释：in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms4.原因：because, because of, as, since, owing to, due to, thanks to, for this reason5.举例：for example, for instance, as such, such as, take ...for example, to illustrate, to name a few6.强调：surprisingly, interestingly,intriguingly, strikingly, unexpectedly, clearly, obviously, apparently,in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, undoubtedly7.可能：presumably, probably, perhaps8.让步：although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, given that9.总结：overall, eventually, consequently, in summary, in a word, as a result, together, collectively, thus, hence, consequently, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, to conclude, to summarize, in short, briefly10.结果：therefore, as a result, then, consequently, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence11. 对比比较：likewise, similarly, in parallel to, while, whereas第三部分常用句式1. 说明选题的重要性：X is the main / leading / primary / major cause of ..Xs are a common / useful / critical part of...Xs are among the most widely used / commonly discussed / well-known / well-documented / widespread/commonly investigated types of ...X is recognized as being / believed to be / widely considered to be the most important ...It is well known / generally accepted / common knowledge that X is (X)is increasingly becoming / set to become a vital factor in …Xs are undergoing a revolution / generating considerable interest in terms of …Xs are attracting considerable / increasing / widespread interest due to …2. 概述前人做过的研究：Last century X was considered to be / viewed as / seen as the most …Initial / Preliminary / The first studies of X considered it tobe...Tradition ally X / In the history of X, the focus has always been …Scientists / Researchers / Experts have always seen X as …Until now / For many years / Since 1993 Xs have been considered as …X has received much attention in the last two years / in the past decade / over the last two decades …For the past five years / Since 2011 there has been a rapid rise in the use of XsThe last two years have witnessed / seen a huge growth in X …The past decade / last year has seen a renewed importance in X …Recent developments in / findings regarding X have led to …X has become a central / an important / a critical issue in …3. 展望未来：The next decade is likely to see / witness a considerable rise in XIn the next few years X will become / is likely to have becomeWithin the next few years, X is set / destined / likely to become an important component in …By 2025 / Within the next ten years, X will have become …X will soon / shortly / rapidly / inevitably be an issue that …4. 指出知识上的空缺：Few researchers have addressed the problem / issue / question of …Previous work has only focused on / been limited to / failed to address …The central / core problem ofA challenging / An intriguing / An important / A neglected area in the field of...The characteristics of X are not well understood / are misunderstood / have not been dealt with in depth.It is not yet known / has not yet been established whether X can do Y. X is still poorly / not widelyunderstood.Techniques to solve X are computationally demanding / subject to high overheads / time consuming / impractical / frequently unfeasible.A major defect / difficulty / drawback / disadvantage / flaw of X is …One of the main issues in our knowledge of / what we know about X is a lack of …This particular / specific area of X has been overlooked / has b een neglected / remains unclear …Despite this interest, no one to the best of our knowledge / as far as we know has studied …Although this approach is interesting, it suffers from / fails to take into account / does not allow for…However, there is still a need for / has been little discussion on …Moreover, other solutions / research programs / approaches have failed to provide...There is stillsome / much / considerable controversy surrounding …Concerns have arisen / been raised which question / call into q uestion the validity of …In the light of recent events in x, there is now some / much / considerable concern about …5. 论述论文目标和贡献：In this report / paper / review / study we …This paper outlines / proposes / describes / presents a new approach to …This pape r examines / seeks to address / focuses on / discusses / investigates how to solve …This paper is an overview of / a review of / a report on / a preliminary attempt to ...The present paper aims to validate / call into question / refute Peng’s findings regarding …X is presented / described / analyzed / computed / investigated / examined / introduced / discussed in order to …The aim of our work / research / study / analysis was to further / extend / widen / broaden current knowledge of …The aim of this study is to study / evaluate / validate / determine / examine / analyze / calculate / estimate / formulate …This paper calls into question / takes a new look at / re-examines / revisits / sheds new light on …We undertook this study / initiated this research / de veloped this methodology to...We believe that we have found / developed / discovered / designed an innovative solution to …We describe / present / consider / analyze a novel / simple / radical / interesting solution for …。
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结1.引言句型：- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- With the rapid development of...- In the context of...- It is widely recognized that...2.目的句型：- The purpose of this study is to...- This research aims to...- The objective of this paper is to...3.方法句型：- The experimental design involves...- The research methodology employed in this study includes...4.结果句型：- The results indicate that...- It is evident from the findings that...- The study reveals that...- The data suggests that...5.讨论句型：- The current study has several implications for...- These results are consistent with previous research showing...- The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of...- The limitations of this study should be considered, such as...6.结论句型：- In conclusion...- To sum up...- Overall...- This study provides further evidence that...7.建议句型：- It is suggested that future research should focus on...- Further investigation is warranted to...8.引用句型：- According to (author's name), (quote)...- (Author's name) has argued that...- The literature suggests that...9.比较句型：- In contrast to...- On the other hand...- Similarly...10.解释句型：- This can be attributed to...- One possible explanation for this phenomenon is...- The results can be explained by...请注意，在撰写SCI论文时应避免直接复制粘贴以上句型，而是根据具体情况进行适当修改，以确保句子的流畅性和准确性。
如何向SCI生物医学期刊投稿
1.文题 (title)
Most important part of the paper To attract readers
Content of Titles
• Independent variable (s) Dependent variable (s) Who or what was studied Circumstances of data collection Research design
Methods
• Chronological order • Avoid trade name or proprietary name • Human subjects: IRB
informed consent • Statistical analyses
CONSORT 2010 Flow Diagram
3.摘要(abstract)
Most important part of a biomedical article, after the title For readers For the reviewers
Types of Abstracts
Publication abstracts - Unstructured abstract descriptive
Analysed (n= ) Excluded from analysis (give reasons) (n= )
Analysis
Analysed (n= ) Excluded from analysis (give reasons) (n= )
6.结果(results)
FUNCTIONS To tell what happened during the study To present the findings (data) of the study To explain any changes from the study as planned
SCI写作统计常用表达
SCI写作统计常用表达声明：1.The study complied with the declaration of Helsinki and was approved by thelocal research ethics committee. All subjects gave written informed consent.2.All animal experimentation was approved by the St. Louis V A Animal CareCommittee and conducted in conformity with the Guiding Principles for Research Involving Animals and Human Beings.3.The study was carried out with institutional review board approval. Informedconsent was obtained from patients to perform … for study purposes.4.The protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of TheMount Sinai School of Medicine.5.This study was conducted in accordance with the United States Department ofAgriculture Animal Welfare Act, and the University of Missouri Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC) approved the protocol. All animals were housed andcared for at the University of Missouri-Columbia animal research facilities.6.The study protocols and informed consents were approved by the InstitutionalReview boards and Institutional Biosafety committees of all participating institutions. (TS)The study design and study protocols, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA), were performed in accordance with FDA regulations CFR Title21，applicable International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, and National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules.7.This study was approved by our institutional ethical committee.8.The study was approved by the institutional review board of the MayoFoundation, and all subjects gave written informed consent. The study wasdesigned and conducted entirely by the study team without industry support.Randomization schedules were prepared by study statisticians.9.The Animal Care Committee of the Toronto General Research Institute approvedall procedures performed on animals. All experiments were performed according to the Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals of the CanadianCouncil on Animal Care, and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH publication 85-23, revised 1985).10.This study was performed with informed consent, HIPAA compliance, andinstitutional review board approval.11.All other study participants gave written informed consent. The study wasapproved by the local research ethics committee.12.The study protocols and informed consents were approved by the InstitutionalReview boards and Institutional Biosafety committees of allparticipatinginstitutions. (TS)The study design and study protocols, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), were performed in accordance with FDAregulations CFR Title21，applicable International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, and National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules.标题：1.Statistical analysis2.Statistical considerations3.Statistics employed4.Statistics and data analysis5.Data analysis6.Statistical Methods7.Statistical analysis of the data8.Statistics样本含量估计1.On the basis of preliminary estimates of the corresponding standard deviations,we determined that 30 subjects would be required in each group for the study to have a statistical power of 90% to detect clinically meaningful differencesbetween groups.2.Prior to the study, power calculations were made based on systolic and diastolicblood pressure values. Published results of blood pressure in subjects with OSA commonly reported a standard deviation of 14 mmHg for systolic and 7 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. With this information, a power calculation indicated that we wouldneed 32 patients per group to detect a 10-mmHg difference in systolic blood pressure and a 5-mmHg difference in diastolic blood pressure witha power of 80% at a 0.05 significance level.统计描述：1.Data are reported as mea n±SD.2.Data are expressed as mea n±SD.3.Data are presented as mean±SEM for continuous variables, with n indicating thenumber of patients.4.Normally distributed data were presented as means ± standard error of the mean,logarithmically transformed data as the geometric mean (95% confidence interval for the mean), skewed data as the median (interquartile range), and categorical data as the number (percentage).假设检验方法：1.Statistical testing utilized non-parametric tests with Mann–Whitney U test andKruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables and χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables2.Categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s exact test and, for continuousvariables, the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test.3.Differences between groups in …(variables) were assessed with analysis ofvariance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni or Fisher LSD post hoc tests. 4.…was/were not normally distributed and therefore the Mann-Whitney U test wasused. ANOVA and t testing were used for other parameters.5.Statistical comparisons for percentages were performed using χ2 analysis in eachcase. Comparisons between means were performed using a two-tailed t-test.6.Multivariable analysis utilized logistic/linear regression withbackward/forward/stepwise variable selection./doc/dc3810849.html,parisons of continuous variables were made by means of the unpaired Student’s t test. Bonferroni’s correction was applied for multiple comparisons.Correlations between targeted contrast ultrasound signal and blood volume were made by linear regression analysis.8.Differences in T-cell responses between patient groups or time points were testedby the Fisher exact test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlations were tested by the nonparametric Spearman's rank test.9.Unpaired t-tests and x2 tests were used to study the clinical profile of EC donors.Two-tailed paired t-tests were used to compare NAC-treated and matched–control untreated cells. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare data in EC responding positively or not to the antioxidant treatment.10.In order to predict whether risk factors for CVD could have an impact on theresponse to NAC (dependent dichotomic variable), we used logistic regression models. Only univariate analyses could be performed because of the small n (26 patients: 11 with negative response and 15 with positive).11.Time-course and multigroup analyses were carried out using analysis of variance(ANOV A).Bonferroni and Newman-Keuls post test analysis was used to detect differences between groups. A t test with Welch correction was used to compare groups at a single time point.12.Dichotomous variable group differences between patients with and without oldmicrobleeds were analyzed using the Fisher exact test. Group differences forcontinuous variables between patients with and without old microbleeds wereanalyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test./doc/dc3810849.html,parisons within groups to investigate differences between pre- andpostaugmentation were undertaken using paired t-tests after appropriate analyses had shown that the Central Limit Theorem applies and that parametric statistics could be used. Analysis of variance was used to investigate differences between groups numbering more than two. T o investigate association between variables, Spearman’s rank correlation statistic was used.14.We then used multivariable logistic regression to adjust for potential confoundingfactors.15.Statistically significant differences before and after treatment were evaluatedusing the paired Student’s t test, with statistical significance established atp < 0.05.16.Proportions were compared by χ2. Correlations were performed using theSpearman rank test.17.We performed multivariable unconditional logistic regression analyses toestimate the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each risk factor using maximum likelihood estimation. All AORs (95% CIs) were adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, cigarette smoking, alcoholconsumption, diabetes mellitus, family history of cancer, and HBV/HCVinfection. The final model was chosen on the basis of biological plausibility and the lowest -2 log likelihood function.18.Differences between groups in …(variables) were assessed with analysis ofvariance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni or Fisher LSD post hoc tests.Correlation between …and …was calculated using the Pearson product-moment correlation.确定检验水准：1.P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant and p values of<0.15quoted to indicate trends.2.Statistical significance was defined as p＜0.05.3.Analysis of subjective data did not reveal any significant effect of …4.… was not significantly different between trea tment groups (P>0.05)5.… were compared using… with a significant difference determined at P≤0.05.6.This null hypothesis was rejected with statistical significance assigned for valuesof P≤0.05.7.Differences were considered significant at P＜0.05 (2-sided).8.The significance level was fixed to p < 0.05.9.P values of less than 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.10.This failed to reach statistical significance.11.A nominal significance level, , of 5% was used for all tests performed.12.p values that were significant at p ＜0.01 level of significance are reported.13.A P value of < 0.05 was adopted for significance.所用统计软件说明：1.Statistical Analysis was performed using the SPSS software (version 15.0).Statistical analyses were performed by two authors and a statistician.2.SAS software (version 9.1) was used for all statistical analyses (SAS Institute,Cary, NC, USA).3.We used Stata software version 9 (College Station, TX) for all statisticalanalyses.4.Statistic alanalyses were done using SAS software.The authors had full access to and take full responsibility for the integrity of the data. All authors have read and agree to the manuscript as written.。
SCI常用句型库--StockPhrases
SCI常用句型库--StockPhrases五. SCI常用句型库-- Stock PhrasesRecognizing Stock Phrases：Standard phrases (“stock phrases”) are used in many research articles in biomedical journals just as readers are used to seeing articles organized according to the standard format.Objectives1. This paper concerns/tests/investigates/reports/proposes/ demonstrates/considers/evaluates/measures…2. This present study discusses/explains…3. This project desc ribes/examines…4. This research calculates…5. This survey analyzes…6. The objective of this study was to examine the relation between …7. The purpose of this study was to determine whether …8. Our goal was to evaluate whether …9. The aims of this stu dy were (1) to…, (2) to …., and (3) to…10. We aimed/sought to …Methods1. Male (or female ) …year-old SD rats, from…animal department ,were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.2. The primary groups of cultures were exposed to … medium3. The medium was changed every … days.4. Study participants with known malignancies … were excluded5. Serum ferritin levels were entered as … variable6. Analyses were performed with SPSS…7. Study participants were classified as …8. We found no clear relationship between …9. …was obtained from…10. …were randomly chosen for each specimen …11. Results were expressed as mean values ± standard deviation.12. Results were significantly different compared with those of elicited statistically significant i ncreases in the levels of …13. Results were expressed as mean values ± standard deviation.14. Unpaired tests were used to compare …15. We also measured …16. The study comprised 20 consecutive patients suffering from___17. The statistical association between ___ and ___ was performed by ___18. Differences between ___and ___ were tested by...19. Blood samples for determination of … levels were drawn.20. A total of… patients with (disease) were included in the trial.21. …were randomized into treatment groups and dosed topically 4 times per day..22. All patients gave signed informed consent.23. …… was/were obtained from/purchased from ……24. The assay was performed essentially as described above, …25. Each step was performed as follows.26. Statistic al calculations were performed by using…27. Using the second random half of the sample (testing sample), we calculated…28. The… method was used to estimate… (àSample 1, Sample 5)Results1.The results showed/demonstrated/revealed/documented/indicated/sugges ted…that…2. It was found that…3.A was related /correlated/associated with B.4.There was a relationship/relation/correlation between A and B.5.There was/is significant difference in … between A and B.6.The difference in … between A and B was/is significant.7.A was/is significantly different from B in …8. analysis suggested that there was a significant correlation between …, whereas there was no significant correlation between…9.We found no clear relation/relationship between … and … .10. … which showed a strong expression of …11.In the course of these studies, it was visually app arent that…12.There was no statistically significant relation between … and …13.No significant differences were ob served with regard to…14.Data were expressed as …15. Compared to the control group, patients treated with … showed …Conclusions1. Fac ts show that…2. The present Experiment finds that…3. Our study proves that…4. Statistical analysis demonstrates tha t…5.It remains to be proved that…6. The results of this study can be generalized for …7. The results of this study are summarized as follows:8. Calculations made with this formulation show that…9. These results support/fail to support the idea that…Acknowledgments1.We thank … for…2.We are grateful to … for…3.We are indebted to … for …4.Our special thanks go to …5.We greatly appreciate …6.We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of …7.We express our gratitude to … for their technical contribution8.We express our gratitude to … for their technical contribution9.We acknowledge with thanks the cooperation of t he patients and their families …10.Contributions to this project from the following individuals are gratefully acknowledged: xx x for…, xxx for…, …。
SCI论文准备写作投稿技巧常用英文词汇
SCI论文准备写作投稿技巧常用英文词汇1. Introduction:- Present study: 本研究- In this paper: 在本文中- The objective of this study: 本研究的目标- To investigate: 研究- Background: 背景- Previous research: 先前的研究- Research gap: 研究空白- Methodology: 方法论- Data analysis: 数据分析- Findings: 研究结果- Conclusion: 结论2. Literature Review:- Literature review: 文献综述- Scholarly articles: 学术文章- Theoretical framework: 理论框架- Empirical evidence: 实证证据- Research methods: 研究方法- Key findings: 主要发现- Implications: 启示3. Methods:- Study design: 研究设计- Data collection: 数据收集- Sample size: 样本量- Research instruments: 研究工具- Data analysis techniques: 数据分析技术- Statistical analysis: 统计分析- Control variables: 控制变量4. Results:- Descriptive statistics: 描述性统计- Correlation analysis: 相关分析- Regression analysis: 回归分析- Significant findings: 显著性发现- Patterns and trends: 模式和趋势5. Discussion:- Implications: 启示- Limitations: 限制- Future research directions: 未来研究方向- Theoretical contributions: 理论贡献- Practical implications: 实践意义6. Conclusion:- Summary: 总结- Contributions: 贡献- Future research: 未来研究- Practical implications: 实践意义。
英文sci论文常用的句式和短语
一些英文sci论文常用的句式和短语Introducing your workThe study will begin by outlining...This study addresses a number of issues...Chapters X and X concentrate on...The following section sets out......to examine the research problem in detail...to shed light on a number of problem areas in current theoryThe paper presented here is based in part on an earlier study Defining the scope of your studyThe focus of the study is...The central question to be examined in this paper is...The study is important for a number of reasons:Present understanding of...is limited.Many authors would agree that...Previous studies have shown or suggested that...The problem has been much discussed in recent literature.This approach has a number of advantages: firstly,...The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that...A fuller discussion of...will appear in a later publication.Arguing for and againstThis point is particularly relevant to...This becomes clear when one examines...This lends weight to the argument that...Support for this interpretation comes from...To put it another way,...This raises the question whether...While it may well be valid that..., this study argues the importance of... This begs the question why...A serious drawback of this approach is...One of the prime failings of this theory or explanation is...Reviewing other workX's study is a textbook example of...X's work has had a profound influence on...The study contains a number of new and important insights:X makes a strong case for...X takes little or no account of...There is little evidence to suggest that...It is very much an oversimplification to...The study offers only cursory examination of...X gives a detailed if not always tenable analysis of...The authors' claim that...is not well founded.X's explanation is not implausible, if not entirely satisfactory.Analysis and explanationOne tentative proposal might be that...If, for the sake of argument, we assume...One of the most obvious consequences of...is...This would appear to be supported by...There is some evidence to suggest that...The importance of...is demonstrated clearly by...Although it may well be true that..., it is important not to overlook...It is important to distinguish carefully between...It is not necessarily the case that...The extent to which this reflects...is unclear.A more plausible explanation for or of...would...The reason for...is unknown, but...has been suggested by X as a possible factor. Summary and conclusionsConcluding this section, we can say that...Chapter X draws together the main findings of the paper.The study has gone some way towards understanding...A number of key issues have been addressed in this study.The results lend strong support to...This study has highlighted a number of problem areas in existing theory. While the initial findings are promising, further research is necessary.This raises a number of questions for future research.The results of this study suggest a number of new avenues for research.英文文章常用表达和写法1.xx 的特征在于: xx is characterized by…2.xx 的2 个重要特征是：Two critical characteristics of xx are …3.爱因斯坦指出xx 的特征如下：Einstein identified the following characteristicsof xx…4.Generally, … 一般来讲，原则上… 千万不要用in principle，此原则非彼原则也5.已经采用了：have adopted …6.近年来：in recent years7.over/during the past 10 years. 比如我们说SC 过去10 年间发展很快，用over，over 是一段时间的事儿；during 是事情发生在什么期间，有时间点的意思。
sci不同部分的常用句式
sci不同部分的常用句式一、引言科学论文是科学研究成果的重要形式之一，论文中的句式使用直接影响到读者对论文内容的理解和接受程度。
本文将以SCI论文不同部分为切入点，分别列举常用的句式，旨在帮助科研人员提高论文写作的质量和效率。
二、引言部分常用句式1. 简介研究背景和意义：- 过去几十年里，关于...的研究取得了显著进展。
(In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the research on...)- 这项研究的重要性在于...(The significance of this study lies in...)- 目前，对于...的认识仍然不够充分。
(Currently, our understanding of... remains incomplete.)2. 表明研究目的和问题：- 本研究旨在探讨...的影响。
(The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of...)- 本文的主要问题是...(The main question addressed in this paper is...)- 我们的研究目标是...。
(Our research aims to...)3. 介绍研究方法和实验设计：- 采用了...的方法进行实验。
(The experiment was conducted using the method of...)- 在实验设计中，我们考虑了...的因素。
(In the experimental design, we took into account the factors of...)- 为了验证我们的假设，我们采用了...的实验方案。
(To test our hypothesis, we employed an experimental design of...)三、方法部分常用句式1. 描述实验对象或样本：- 本研究选择了...作为研究对象。
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五. SCI常用句型库-- Stock PhrasesRecognizing Stock Phrases：Standard phrases (“stock phrases”) are used in many research articles in biomedical journals just as readers are used to seeing articles organized according to the standard format.Objectives1. This paper concerns/tests/investigates/reports/proposes/ demonstrates/considers/evaluates/measures…2. This present study discusses/explains…3. This project describes/examines…4. This research calculates…5. This survey analyzes…6. The objective of this study was to examine the relation between …7. The purpose of this study was to determine whether …8. Our goal was to evaluate whether …9. The aims of this study were (1) to…, (2) to …., and (3) to…10. We aimed/sought to …Methods1. Male (or female ) …year-old SD rats, from…animal department ,were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.2. The primary groups of cultures were exposed to … medium3. The medium was changed every … days.4. Study participants with known malignancies … were excluded5. Serum ferritin levels were entered as … variable6. Analyses were performed with SPSS…7. Study participants were classified as …8. We found no clear relationship between …9. …was obtained from…10. …were randomly chosen for each specimen …11. Results were expressed as mean values ± standard deviation.12. Results were significantly different compared with those of elicited statistically significant increases in the levels of …13. Results were expressed as mean values ± standard deviation.14. Unpaired tests were used to compare …15. We also measured …16. The study comprised 20 consecutive patients suffering from___17. The statistical association between ___ and ___ was performed by ___18. Differences between ___and ___ were tested by...19. Blood samples for determination of … levels were drawn.20. A total of… patients with (disease) were included in the trial.21. …were randomized into treatment groups and dosed topically 4 times per day..22. All patients gave signed informed consent.23. …… was/were obtained from/purchased from ……24. The assay was performed essentially as described above, …25. Each step was performed as follows.26. Statistical calculations were performed by using…27. Using the second random half of the sample (testing sample), we calculated…28. The… method was used to estimate… (àSample 1, Sample 5)Results1.The results showed/demonstrated/revealed/documented/indicated/suggested…that…2. It was found that…3.A was related /correlated/associated with B.4.There was a relationship/relation/correlation between A and B.5.There was/is significant difference in … between A and B.6.The difference in … between A and B was/is significant.7.A was/is significantly different from B in …8. analysis suggested that there was a significant correlation between …, whereas there was no significant correlation between…9.We found no clear relation/relationship between … and … .10. … which showed a strong expression of …11.In the course of these studies, it was visually app arent that…12.There was no statistically significant relation between … and …13.No significant differences were observed with regard to…14.Data were expressed as …15. Compared to the control group, patients treated with … showed …Conclusions1. Fac ts show that…2. The present Experiment finds that…3. Our study proves that…4. Statistical analysis demonstrates that…5.It remains to be proved that…6. The results of this study can be generalized for …7. The results of this study are summarized as follows:8. Calculations made with this formulation show that…9. These results support/fail to support the idea that…Acknowledgments1.We thank … for…2.We are grateful to … for…3.We are indebted to … for …4.Our special thanks go to …5.We greatly appreciate …6.We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of …7.We express our gratitude to … for their technical contribution8.We express our gratitude to … for their technical contribution9.We acknowledge with thanks the cooperation of t he patients and their families …10.Contributions to this project from the following individuals are gratefully acknowledged: xxx for…, xxx for…, …。