cultural thought patterns
cultural patterns 文化模式
cultural patterns 文化模式"Cultural Patterns: An Exploration of Their Origin, Influence, and Impact"IntroductionCultural patterns refer to the shared beliefs, customs, habits, values, and behaviors that are characteristic of a particular group of people, society, or community. These patterns shape the way individuals perceive, think, and act, and help establish a sense of identity and belonging. In this article, we will delve into the origin, influence, and impact of cultural patterns, exploring how they are developed and perpetuated and how they shape our lives.Origin of Cultural PatternsCultural patterns are not static entities; they evolve and develop over time through various processes. The origin of cultural patterns can be traced back to the early experiences and interactions of a community. These experiences often include factors such as geographic location, historical events, and socio-political aspects. For example, the traditional dress, cuisine, and rituals of acommunity may be influenced by the local climate, historical events such as colonization or cultural exchange, and social hierarchies.Influence of Cultural PatternsCultural patterns have a significant influence on individuals, societies, and even global dynamics. They shape our thoughts, perspectives, and behaviors and determine how we interact with others. Cultural patterns influence language, communication styles, social norms, and values, as well as attitudes towards education, work, and relationships.Language, for instance, is a fundamental cultural pattern that influences the way we express ourselves and understand the world. Different languages have unique structures, vocabularies, and expressions, and shape the way individuals think and communicate. The importance placed on education and the role of family can also vary significantly across cultures, with some emphasizing collective harmony and respect for authority, while others encourage individualism and critical thinking.Impact of Cultural PatternsThe impact of cultural patterns can be seen in various domains of life, from social interactions to economic systems. Social customs and traditions play a vital role in maintaining social cohesion and creating a sense of identity within a community. For example, cultural rituals and celebrations foster a collective sense of belonging and represent the values and beliefs of a society. They provide an opportunity to transmit cultural knowledge and promote intergenerational bonds.Cultural patterns also influence economic systems and consumer behaviors. For instance, in some cultures, individuals prioritize saving money or investing in real estate, while in others, they may value experiences and spending on travel and entertainment. These cultural attitudes towards money and consumption shape economic trends and impact industries such as tourism and luxury goods.Importantly, cultural patterns also contribute to social inequalities and power dynamics. Gender roles and expectations, social hierarchies, and discrimination are often perpetuated throughcultural patterns. For example, traditional gender roles may limit opportunities for women in certain societies, while racial biases may be reinforced through cultural norms and values. Recognizing and challenging these patterns is crucial for promoting social justice and equality.ConclusionCultural patterns are the fabric that holds societies together and shapes our individual experiences. They are born out of historical, physical, and socio-political factors, and influence our thoughts, behaviors, and interactions. From language and social customs to economic systems and power dynamics, cultural patterns have a profound impact on our daily lives. In embracing and understanding cultural patterns, we can appreciate diversity, foster empathy and respect, and work towards a more equitable and inclusive world.。
L 11 V C Thought Patterns
III. Euphemism
1. Definition of euphemism Euphemism is indirect expression that enables people to avoid talking directly about something which might cause offence or embarrassment. 2. Characteristics of euphemism People always use pleasant, harmless-sounding or polite terms in the place of those considered embassassing, rude, or offensive language, like taboos and swears.
PDefinition of slang
Slangs refer to words and expressions, which are regarded as very informal and are not considered suitable for formal social situations or serious writing. One mark of an informal style of language is the frequent use of slangs.
III. The Functions of Slang
1. One function of slang is to make speech vivid, colorful and interesting. 2. Slang is often new , which is invented in keeping with new ideas and customs. 3. Slang is popular because it is often humorous, witty and sometimes picturesque. 4. One generation’s slang is often another generation’s standard vocabulary.
unit-4-verbal-communication
Cultural-Loaded words
Same word, different connotation 龙：龙颜、龙袍、龙椅、龙心大喜
dragon: monster
知识分子: in China, it refers to those people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters who have had a college education.
A new broom sweeps clean. Many hands make light work. Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today. Killing two birds with one stone.
Haste makes waste. Beauty is just skin deep. Give a person a dose of his own medicine. Spare the rod and spoil the child. Where there’s smoke there’s fire. The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.
Strike while the iron is hot. Out of sight, out of mind. Birds of a feather flock together. Look before you leap. Where there is a will, there is a way. All good things must come to an end.
跨文化交际实用教程Unit 4
Question: Could you give Roger an explanation?
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Case 2. A Misunderstanding Caused by a Joke
Comment
The
problem resulted from the misunderstanding of the word “hustle”. In colloquial American English, there are at least two meanings for the word “hustle”. ---- to force sb to make a decision before they are ready or sure; -----to work as a prostitute /romance or sex is hinted.
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Case 2. A Misunderstanding Caused by a Joke Background information
Roger, the Personnel Executive of a large American multinational firm, worked in Brazil to help promote business. Rosalita, a Brazilian woman Roger had known for some time. Roger generally had a very good impression of her and always felt at ease with her. One evening, they met at a party, attended by both Roger‟s employees from the United States and many Brazilian business people.
Mind your thought pattern
Diagram from Robert B.Kaplan, “Cultural Thought Patterns in Inter-Cultural Education,” Language Learning, 16, nos.1 and 2:15.) English Semitic Oriental
Practice
Unscramble the sentences by first choosing one as the topic sentence, and then writing the remaining sentences to form a paragraph which follows the straight line of English thought pattern. 2. A. ____ (topic Sentence) B. _______
A. These domestic presentations are usually made in December. B. Foreign cars and trucks are usually displayed later. C. Then you can see the new developments in the Ford, General Motors, and American Motor car lines. D. Automobile manufacturers have been planning for months to present their new models to the public.
E. You can wear lightweight, inexpensive, and easy-to-clean cotton clothing allthe sentences by first choosing one as the topic sentence, and then writing the remaining sentences to form a paragraph which follows the straight line of English thought pattern. 4. A. ____ (topic Sentence) A. They never seem to be working. B. It seems to workers that students lead easy lives only because students work and relax at different times from workers. C. Working people sometimes think that college students live a very easy life. D. The truth is, though, that most students spend as many hours in class or at their studies as workers do at their jobs. B. _______
成人教育--英汉汉英互译
Part One Introduction (1)Part Two A Comparison of Thought Patterns between Chinese and Westerners (2)Part Three A Comparison between Chinese and English Languages (4)Part Four Translation Strategies (10)Part One Introduction1. General Translation Principles“信、达、雅” “化境” “传神” “直译”Vs“意译”――impressionist.遵循译语句法和惯用法规范，采取适当的变通和补偿手段，以保证特定上下文中最重要 意义的优先传译为前提，尽可能多和正确地传递原语信息地多重意义，以争取原文和译文最 大限度地等值。
(柯平)1) 译语句法和惯用法规范 扫盲班 literacy class. 冒冷汗 #sweat cold sweat, break out in coldsweat. 我和她在公园分手了。
2) 适当地变通和补偿手段，即“翻译技巧” 。
包括：加注(annotation)、增益(contextualamplification) 、 视点转换 (shift of perspective) 、 具体化 (specification) 、 概略化 (generalization)、释义(paraphrase)、归化(adaptation)和回译(bask translation)。
3)上下文中最重要意义的优先传译:争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收For better (athletic) records and sportsmanship (程镇球译)4) 多重意义，最大限度的等值小的扣紧，大的放松，池子里捕鱼，太湖里放生。
（夏衍：《考验》）Fussy about trifles, careless about big things. Penny wise, pound foolish. (Ying Yu 译)如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。
Cultural Patterns
Definitions of Cultural Patterns
People and cultures are extremely complex and consist of numerous interrelated cultural orietation. A useful umbrella term that allows us to talk about beliefs and values and other orientations collectively is cultural patterns. We should think of cultural patterns as a system of beliefs and values that work in combination to provide a coherent, if not always consistent, model for perceiving the world.
Beliefs
According to Rogers and Steinfatt, "Beliefs serves as the storage system for the content of our past experiences, including thoughts, memories, and interpretations of events. Beliefs are shaped by the individual's culture."
Perception and Culture: perception is culturally
determined. We learn to see the world in a certain way based on our cultural background. These two concepts, working in combination, form what we called cultural patterns.
diverse cultural patterns
Related chapters in the textbook
Individualist and collectivist cultures(P9) Difference in Rank and Power(P33)
What are our cultures teaching us both consciously and unconsciously?
Leech’s (1983) Politeness Principle
a very helpful tool for comparing language use across cultures The Grand Strategy of Politeness GSP(2005,2007)
Mono-chronic time VS Poly-chronic time Low-context Communication VS High-context Communication Use of Personal Space: intimate distance, personal distance, social distance and public distance
文化的三个层次
物质文化（饮食文化、服饰文化、器物文 化） 制度文化（政治制度、经济制度、社会制 度和法律制度） 精神文化（思想、信仰和道德）---文化价值观
Diverse Cultural Patterns
Culture controls behavior in deep and persisting ways, many of which are outside of awareness and therefore beyond conscious control of the individual. Many aspects of culture are subject to change, but the deep structure of a culture resists major alterations.
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Blue --> Westerner Red --> Orientals
Way of Life
Party opinion
Traveling Sundays on the Road
• General thinking & Analytic thinking • Intuitional thinking & Logic thinking • Concrete thinking & Abstract thinking • Deductive & Inductive patterns
Westerners
——Always use the deductive pattern
Orientals
——Always use the inductive pattern
Reason
The factors of different ideas between westerners and oriebtals is ulimately a question of interpersonal face politeness.
• Logic thinking
• Intuitive thinking
The traditional Chinese way of thinking focus on direct experience. The greater use of Western logic, whether it’s formal logic.
The inductive pattern
For a example: Peacock fly, sparrows fly, woodpeckers fly ... ... peacocks, sparrows, woodpeckers are birds, so all birds can fly.
We can conclude that it is the four different parts of cultural thought patterns. In conclution,we can do something to reduce the differences between Westerners and Orientals cultures,such as do more exchanges.
General & Analysis
• Example:
Traditional Chinese medicine VS Western medicine TCM always consider about balance of Yin-Yang . Western medicine cultured is specific symptoms.
abstract
image
The deductive pattern: from general to the Specific The inductive pattern: from the specific to the generample: Line is the shortest distance between two points. The shortest distance between points A and B is Line A-B. Therefore, line A-B is a straight line.
Example:
• Upton young mathematician, came to Edison's Research Institute, Edison to test to his ability, so she gave him a light bulb experiment, called him the lamp of the volume. An hour later, Edison came back, it was discovered Upton still busy measuring and calculation. Edison said: "If I, go out into the light bulb irrigation, water poured into the measuring cup, you know the volume of the bulb." There is no doubt, as the mathematicians Upton, his calculations and logical thinking ability to make admired.
• Orientals : the overall
thinking
they usually from a overall view of problem .
• Westerners :the
local thinking
they tend to take the subject and object as a separate existence。In dealing with object, they will separate the object from the background and focus on things that has the characteristic and function.
Intuition and logic thinking is both important.
Thinking person’s action is inseparable from the domination.
Tiger Wolf Fish
Reaction in culture and art of thinking