动词过去式双写及发音文档

动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则

help →helped （帮助） laugh →laughed （笑） look →looked （看）
watch →watched （注
视（）3）动词词尾为t，d以
外之浊辅音或元音时，发/
call →called （叫）
stay→stayed （停留） cry→cried （哭）
kiss →kissed （吻）
14．动词的过去式与动词
原形一样。如：
let—let阻碍
must—must必须
15．不符合上述规律的动
词过去式。如：
am，is—was是
fall—fell砍伐
write—wrote 写 know—knew知道
sweep—swept 打扫
think—thought想 will—would将要 mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔 ment〕想要 put—put放置 hold—held保持
make—made制造
eat—ate吃
go—went去
may—might可能
sit—sat 坐 catch—caught捕捉
过去式“-ed”的发音规则
（1）动词词尾为“t，d”
时，发/ id /音，
want →wanted （要） need →needed （需要）
（2）动词词尾为清辅音
时，发/ t / 音。
8．动词原形中的ell改为
old，变成过去式。如：
sell—sold卖
tell—told 告诉
9．动词原形中的an改为

oo，变成过去式。如： stand—stood站立 10．以ought和aught结
understand—understood 明白

动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则

动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则规则动词的过去式变化如下：1、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed ，如：work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted2、以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped3、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop ---stopped5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。

go – went make – made get – got buy - bought come - came fly-flew不规则动词的过去式的构成1．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。

如：begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam 2．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。

如：drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote3．改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew，变成过去式。

如：draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed）4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。

如：get—got，forget—forgot5．动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。

如：feed—fed，meet—met6．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。

如：keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept7．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。

动词过去式的变化和发音规1

动词过去式的变化和发音规则【过去式的变化规则】①一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加ed。

如：wanted，played。

②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加d。

如：hoped，lived, tasted。

③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。

如：stopped，jogged, shopped④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加ed。

如：studied，worried, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, try--tried。

⑤有些动词不符合上面的规则，需要特殊记忆。

不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下8条：1. 过去式与原形相同。

如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, read--read2. 把d变成t。

如:build—built, spend—spent3. 部分以n结尾的词，在词后加t。

如：mean—meant, learn—learnt4. 部分以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。

如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。

如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt,sweep-swept6. 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。

如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank, ring-rang ,swim-swam, come-came,7. 将i改成o 如：ride-rode, drive-drove, write-wrote,8. 非常不规则的：am(is)-was,are-were, go-went,eat-ate,buy-bought, catch-caught teach-taught think-thoughtsee-saw, meet-met stand-stood, tell-told,take-took fly-flew, get-got do-didspeak-spoke, find-found, shall-should run- ran,say-said, can-could, have-had,以上所列不规则动词的过去式都要求掌握。

动词的过去式过去分词的构成及其读音

一、规则动词过去式与过去分词的构成：构成规则原形过去式①一般在动词原形末尾加-ed cooklookplayrainvisitwatchcooked / kukt /looked / lukt /played / pleid /rained / reind /visited / 'vizitid /watched / wɔtʃt /②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词直接加-d changehopelovelivelikeusemovechanged/ tʃein dʒd/hoped / həupt /loved / lʌvd /lived / livd /liked / laikt /used / ju:zd /moved / mu:vd /③以“辅音字母+y”的动词，先把“y”变成“i”，再加-ed carrycopystudytryworrycarried / 'kærid /copied / 'kɔpid /studied / 'stʌdid /tried / traid /worried / 'wʌrid /④以“元音字母+y”结尾enjoyplaystaytasteenjoyed /in 'dʒɔid /played / pleid /stayed / steid /tasted / teist /⑤末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed dropfitstopplandropped / drɔp /fitted / 'fitid /stopped / stɔpt /planned / plænd /⑥以r字母结尾的词，双写r，再加ed preferreferpreferred / pri 'fə:d /referred /ri'fə:d /二、规则动词：词尾-ed的读音：读音例词①在浊辅音和元音后面/d/ called / kɔ:ld / listened / 'lisnd / moved / mu:vd / closed / kləuzd / stayed / steid / answered / 'a:nsəd /②在清辅音后面/t/ finished / 'finiʃ / helped / helpt /laughed / lɑ:ft / watched / wɔtʃt /③在/t/,/d/音后面/id/ wanted /wɔtid/ waited /'weitid/ need /'ni:did/ counted /'kaʊntid/。

动词过去式和过去分词的变化及发音规则

动词过去式和过去分词的变化及发音规则规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。

请记住：清后[t]，元浊[d]，[t] [d]之后读[id]。

①清辅音[p] [k] [f] [s]等后，ed要读[t]。

如：worked，finished。

②元音或浊辅音[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]等后，ed要读[d]。

如：lived，called。

③[t]或[d]后，ed读[id]。

如：started，needed。

（1）清辅音：／p／、／t／、／k／、／f／、／θ／、／s／、／W／、／t∫／、／ts／、／tr／，再加上／r／、／h／，合计12个。

（2）浊辅音：／b／、／d／、／g／、／v／、／ð／、／z／、／T／、／dv／、／dz／、／dr／再加清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][tF][tr][ts] sh ch浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][dV][dr][dz]不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳不规则动词过去式和过去分词A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----putlet----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hitshut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read读音/e/lie---lied---lied 说谎lay---laid---laid 放置，下蛋lay--- lain 躺下，位于，平放eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.She _____ her books on the table. ____B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是［:t］bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----b oughtcatch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught2. 动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。

动词的过去式过去分词的构成及其读音

一、规则动词过去式与过去分词的构成：构成规则原形过去式①一般在动词原形末尾加-ed cooklookplayrainvisitwatchcooked / kukt /looked / lukt /played / pleid /rained / reind /visited / 'vizitid /watched / wɔtʃt /②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词直接加-d changehopelovelivelikeusemovechanged/ tʃein dʒd/hoped / həupt /loved / lʌvd /lived / livd /liked / laikt /used / ju:zd /moved / mu:vd /③以“辅音字母+y”的动词，先把“y”变成“i”，再加-ed carrycopystudytryworrycarried / 'kærid /copied / 'kɔpid /studied / 'stʌdid /tried / traid /worried / 'wʌrid /④以“元音字母+y”结尾enjoyplaystaytasteenjoyed /in 'dʒɔid /played / pleid /stayed / steid /tasted / teist /⑤末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed dropfitstopplandropped / drɔp /fitted / 'fitid /stopped / stɔpt /planned / plænd /⑥以r字母结尾的词，双写r，再加ed preferreferpreferred / pri 'fə:d /referred /ri'fə:d /二、规则动词：词尾-ed的读音：读音例词①在浊辅音和元音后面/d/ called / kɔ:ld / listened / 'lisnd / moved / mu:vd / closed / kləuzd / stayed / steid / answered / 'a:nsəd /②在清辅音后面/t/ finished / 'finiʃ / helped / helpt /laughed / lɑ:ft / watched / wɔtʃt /③在/t/,/d/音后面/id/ wanted /wɔtid/ waited /'weitid/ need /'ni:did/ counted /'kaʊntid/。

七年级不规则动词过去式和过去分词(带音标)

七年级不规则动词过去式和过去分词(带音标)work Information Technology Company.2020YEARbe(am/is/are) was/were been [bi:n] 是beat [bi:t] beat [bi:t] beaten ['bi:tn] 击打become [bi'kʌm] became[bi'keim] become [bi'kʌm] 变成begin [bi'gɪn] began [bi'ɡæn] begun [bi'ɡʌn] 开始blow [bləu] blew [blu:] blown [bləun] 风吹break [breik] broke [brəuk] broken ['brəukən] 打碎bring [briŋ] brought [brɔ:t] brought [brɔ:t] 拿来build [bild] built [bilt] built [bilt] 建造burn[bə:n] burnt/burned[bə:nt][bə:nd] burnt/burned[bə:nt][bə:nd] 燃烧buy [bai] bought [bɔ:t] bought [bɔ:t] 买catch [kætʃ] caught [kɔ:t] caught [kɔ:t] 抓住choose [tʃu:z] chose [tʃəuz] chosen ['tʃəuzən] 选择come[kʌm] came[keim] come[kʌm] 来cut [kʌt] cut [kʌt] cut[kʌt] 割dig [diɡ] dug [dʌɡ] dug [dʌɡ] 挖draw [drɔ:] drew [dru:] drawn [drɔ:n] 画，绘图dream [dri:m] dreamed/dreamt [dremt] dreamed/dreamt [dremt] 做梦drink [driŋk] drank [dræŋk] drunk [drʌŋk]喝drive [draiv] drove [drəuv] driven [drivən] 驾驶eat [i:t] ate [et,eit] eaten ['i:tən] 吃fall [fɔ:l] fell [fel] fallen ['fɔ:lən] 落下；跌倒feed [fi:d] fed [fed] fed [fed] 喂feel ['fi:l] felt [felt] felt [felt] 感觉fight [fait] fought[fɔ:t] fought [fɔ:t] 作战find [faind] found [faund] found [faund] 找出fly [flai] flew [flu:] flown [fləun] 飞forget [fə'ɡet] forgot [fə'ɡɔt] forgotten [fə'ɡɔtn] 忘记freeze [fri:z] froze [frəuz] frozen ['frəuzn] 结冰get[ɡet] got [ɡɔt] gotten ['ɡɔtən] 得到give [ɡiv] gave [ɡeiv] given ['ɡivən] 给予go [ɡəu] went [went] gone [ɡɔn] 去grow [ɡrəu] grew [ɡru:] grown [ɡrəun] 生长hang ['hæŋ] hung [hʌŋ] hung [hʌŋ] 吊，挂hear [hiə] heard [hə:d] heard [hə:d] 听到hide [haid] hid [hid] hidden ['hidən] 隐藏，躲藏hit [hit] hit [hit] hit [hit] 打hold [həuld] held [held] held [held] 举行hurt [hə:t] hurt [hə:t] hurt [hə:t] 受伤keep [ki:p] kept [kept] kept [kept] 保持know [nəu] knew [nju:, nu:] known [nəun] 知道lay [lei] laid [leid] laid [leid] 置放lead [li:d] led [led] led [led] 引导learn [lə:n] learnt/learned [lə:nt] ['lə:nd] learnt /learned 学习leave [li:v] left [left] left [left] 离开lend [lend] lent [lent] lent [lent] 借出let [let] let [let] let [let] 让lie [lai] lay [lei] lain[lein] 躺lose [lu:z] lost [lɔst] lost [lɔst] 遗失make [meik] made [meid] made [meid] 制作mean[mi:n] meant [ment] meant[ment] 表…意思meet [mi:t] met [met] met [met] 遇到pay [pei] paid [peid] paid [peid] 支付put [put] put [put] put [put] 放置read[ri:d] read [red] read [ri:d] 读ride [raid] rode [rəud] ridden ['ridən] 骑ring [riŋ] rang [ræŋ] rung [rʌŋ]（门铃）响rise [raiz ] rose [rəuz] risen ['rizən] 升高run [rʌn] ran [ræn] run[rʌn] 跑say [sei] said [sed] said[sed] 说see [si:] saw [sɔ:] seen [si:n] 看见sell [sel] sold[səuld] sold[səuld] 卖send [send] sent [sent] sent [sent] 送，寄set [set] set [set] set [set] 安置shake [ʃeik] shook [ʃuk] shaken ['ʃeikən] 摇动shine [ʃain] shone [ʃəun] shone [ʃəun] 发光show [ʃəu] showed[ʃəud] showed/shown ['ʃəun] 显示shut [ʃʌt] shut [ʃʌt] shut [ʃʌt] 关闭sing [siŋ] sang [sæŋ] sung [sʌŋ]唱歌sit [sit] sat [sæt] sat [sæt] 坐sleep [sli:p] slept [slept] slept[slept] 睡smell [smel] smelt[smelt] smelt[smelt] 发出气味speak [spi:k] spoke [spəuk] spoken ['spəukən] 说spell [spel] spelt/spelled [spelt] spelt/spelled[speld] 拼写spend [spend] spent [spent] spent [spent] 花费spread[spred] spread[spred] spread[spred] 伸开stand [stænd] stood [stud] stood [stud] 站立steal [sti:l] stole [stəul] stolen ['stəulən] 偷窃stick[stik] stuck[stuk] stuck[stuk] 粘贴sweep [swi:p] swept [swept] swept[swept] 打扫swim [swim] swam [swæm] swum [swʌm] 游泳take [teik] took [tuk] taken ['teikn, 'teikən] 拿，带teach [ti:tʃ] taught [tɔ:t] taught [tɔ:t] 教tell [tel] told [təuld] told [təuld] 告诉think [θiŋk] thought [θɔ:t] thought [θɔ:t] 思考throw [θrəu] threw[θru:] thrown [θrəun] 投/扔understand[,ʌndə'stænd] understood [,ʌndə'stud] understood 理解wake [weik] woke [wəuk] woken ['wəukən] 唤醒wear [wεə] wore [wɔ:] worn [wɔ:n] 穿着win [win] won[wʌn] won[wʌn] 获胜write [rait] wrote [rəut] written ['ritən] 写do [du:] did [did] done [dʌn] 做have/has[hæv] [hæz] had [hæd] had [hæd] 有can [kæn] could [kud] 能may [mei] might [mait] 可以shall [ʃæl] should [ʃud] 将will [wil, wel] would [wud] 将。

简化版)动词过去式变化规则及其发音规则

简化版)动词过去式变化规则及其发音规则一、动词过去式变化规则动词的过去式表示动作或状态发生在过去的时间。

下面是一些常见的动词过去式变化规则：1.一般情况下，动词在词尾加上-ed，例如：play -。

played，work -。

worked。

2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，在词尾只需加-d，例如：like -。

liked，dance -。

danced。

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，将y改为i，再加-ed，例如：study -。

studied，carry -。

carried。

4.以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，例如。

-。

ped，plan -。

planned。

5.不规则动词没有明确的变化规则，必须记住其过去式形式，例如：go -。

went，buy -。

bought。

二、发音规则动词过去式的发音规则与变化规则也有一定的关系：1.在英语中，动词过去式的发音分为三种情况：发音为[t]，例如：walked，washed。

发音为[d]，例如：played，called。

发音为[id]，例如：wanted，needed。

2.当动词词尾的发音是清音（voiceless）的辅音音素（p。

t。

k。

f。

s。

sh。

ch），过去式的发音为[t]，例如：help -。

helped，wreck -。

wrecked。

3.当动词词尾的发音是浊音（voiced）的辅音音素（b。

d。

g。

v。

z。

zh。

j），过去式的发音为[d]，例如：grab -。

grabbed，buzz -。

buzzed。

4.当动词词尾的发音是清浊音的混合辅音音素（l。

m。

n。

ng。

r），过去式的发音为[id]，例如：travel -。

traveled，open -。

___。

注意：以上发音规则只适用于动词过去式，不适用于其他词性的单词。

以上是动词过去式变化规则及其发音规则的简化版介绍。

了解这些规则可以帮助我们更准确地使用英语动词的过去式形式。

(完整word版)英语动词过去式与过去分词表(带音标)

常用动词的过去式、过去分词不规则变化的规律(史上最全）一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。

（共9个）cost［kɔst］—cost-cost—--costing['kɔstɪŋ]-——costs[kɔsts]n.价格，成本，费用；代价，损失vi。

价钱为; 花费vt.付出(代价），失去；估价cut[kʌt]—cut—cut-——cutting[’kʌtɪŋ］—-—cutsvt. & vi.切，剪，割, 削vt.削减；挖成；刻成;使(某人)感到疼痛或痛苦；(直线）与（另一条直线）相交；不出席, 不到场；灌制（唱片)n.切，割，砍；用刀等割的破口;减少, 降低；删减；裁剪样式;伤感情的话或行为hit[hit］—hit-hit-—-hitting—-—hitsvt。

& vi。

打，打击；碰撞vt。

伤害, 殃及n.一击，击中；成功而风行一时的事物hurt[hə：t]—hurt—hurt——-hurting---hurtsvt.使受伤；伤害vi。

疼痛vt. & vi。

对…有害; 对…有不良影响n.肉体上的伤害［痛苦］；精神上的痛苦［创伤］let［let］—let—let —--lettingvt。

让，使;放掉, 松掉vt. & vi。

出租put［put]-put—put—-—puttingvt.放; 置；使处于（某种状态)；表达, 叙述, 说明read［ri：d]-read—read --—readingvt. & vi。

读；看懂，理解vt。

显示；标明set［set］—set—set--—setting—--setsvt。

放, 搁置vi。

(日、月等）落，下沉；(植物）结子，结果n.（一）套, （一)副；收音机；电视机adj.固定的；指定的；不变的shut[ʃʌt]—shut—shut —-—shutting———shutsvt。

＆ vi.关, 关上二、A-B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。

七年级不规则动词过去式和过去分词(带音标)

be(am/is/are) was/were been [bi:n] 是beat [bi:t] beat [bi:t] beaten ['bi:tn] 击打become [bi'k ?m] became[bi'keim] become [bi'k ?m] 变为begin [bi'g ?n] began [bi'ɡ? n] begun [bi' ɡ?n] 开始blow [bl ?u] blew [blu:] blown [bl ?un] 风吹break [breik] broke [br ?uk] broken ['br ?uk?n] 打坏bring [bri?] brought [br ?:t] brought [br ?:t] 拿来build [bild] built [bilt] built [bilt] 建筑burn[b ?:n] burnt/burned[b ?:nt][b ?:nd] burnt/burned[b ?:nt][b ?:nd] 焚烧buy [bai] bought [b ?:t] bought [b ?:t] 买catch [k? t?] caught [k?:t] caught [k?:t] 抓住choose [t?u:z] chose [t??uz] chosen ['t??uz?n] 选择come[k?m] came[keim] come[k?m] 来cut [k?t] cut [k?t] cut[k?t] 割dig [di ɡ] dug [d?ɡ] dug [d?ɡ] 挖draw [dr ?:] drew [dru:] drawn [dr ?:n] 画，画图dream [dri:m] dreamed/dreamt [dremt] dreamed/dreamt [dremt] 做梦drink [dri?k] drank [dr??k] drunk [dr ??k] 喝drive [draiv] drove [dr ?uv] driven [driv ?n] 驾驶eat [i:t] ate [et,eit] eaten ['i:t ?n] 吃fall [f ?:l] fell [fel] fallen ['f ?:l?n] 落下；摔倒feed [fi:d] fed [fed] fed [fed] 喂feel ['fi:l] felt [felt] felt [felt] 感觉fight [fait] fought[f ?:t] fought [f ?:t] 作战find [faind] found [faund] found [faund] 找出fly [flai] flew [flu:] flown [fl ?un] 飞forget [f ?'ɡet] forgot [f ?'ɡ?t] forgotten [f ?'ɡ?tn] 忘掉freeze [fri:z] froze [fr ?uz] frozen ['fr ?uzn] 结冰get[ɡet] got [ ɡ?t] gotten [' ɡ?t?n] 获得give [ɡiv] gave [ɡeiv] given ['ɡiv?n] 赐予go [ɡ?u] went [went] gone [ɡ?n] 去grow [ ɡr?u] grew [ ɡru:] grown [ ɡr?un] 生长hang ['h??] hung [h??] hung [h??] 吊，挂hear [hi ?] heard [h ?:d] heard [h?:d] 听到hide [haid] hid [hid] hidden ['hid ?n] 隐蔽，潜藏hit [hit] hit [hit] hit [hit] 打hold [h ?uld] held [held] held [held] 举行hurt [h ?:t] hurt [h?:t] hurt [h?:t] 受伤keep [ki:p] kept [kept] kept [kept] 保持know [n ?u] knew [nju:, nu:] known [n ?un] 知道lay [lei] laid [leid] laid [leid] 置放lead [li:d] led [led] led [led] 指引learn [l?:n] learnt/learned [l ?:nt] ['l ?:nd] learnt /learned 学习leave [li:v] left [left] left [left] 走开lend [lend] lent [lent] lent [lent] 借出let [let] let [let] let [let] 让lie [lai] lay [lei] lain[lein] 躺lose [lu:z] lost [l ?st] lost [l ?st] 丢失make [meik] made [meid] made [meid] 制作mean[mi:n] meant [ment] meant[ment] 表意思meet [mi:t] met [met] met [met] 碰到pay [pei] paid [peid] paid [peid] 支付put [put] put [put] put [put] 搁置read[ri:d] read [red] read [ri:d] 读ride [raid] rode [r ?ud] ridden ['rid ?n] 骑ring [ri?] rang [r??] rung [r??] （门铃）响rise [raiz ] rose [r?uz] risen ['riz?n] 高升run [r ?n] ran [r? n] run[r ?n] 跑say [sei] said [sed] said[sed] 说see [si:] saw [s?:] seen [si:n] 看见sell [sel] sold[s?uld] sold[s?uld] 卖send [send] sent [sent] sent [sent] 送，寄set [set] set [set] set [set] 布置shake [?eik] shook [?uk] shaken ['?eik?n] 摇动shine [?ain] shone [??un] shone [??un] 发光show [??u] showed[??ud] showed/shown [' ??un] 显示shut [??t] shut [??t] shut [??t] 封闭sing [si?] sang [s??] sung [s??] 唱歌sit [sit] sat [s? t] sat [s? t] 坐sleep [sli:p] slept [slept] slept[slept] 睡smell [smel] smelt[smelt] smelt[smelt] 发出气味speak [spi:k] spoke [sp?uk] spoken ['sp?uk?n] 说spell [spel] spelt/spelled [spelt] spelt/spelled[speld] 拼写spend [spend] spent [spent] spent [spent] 花销spread[spred] spread[spred] spread[spred] 张开stand [st? nd] stood [stud] stood [stud] 站立steal [sti:l] stole [st?ul] stolen ['st ?ul?n] 盗窃stick[stik] stuck[stuk] stuck[stuk] 粘贴sweep [swi:p] swept [swept] swept[swept] 打扫swim [swim] swam [sw? m] swum [sw ?m] 游泳take [teik] took [tuk] taken ['teikn, 'teik ?n] 拿，带teach [ti:t ?] taught [t ?:t] taught [t ?:t] 教tell [tel] told [t ?uld] told [t ?uld] 告诉think [ θ i?k] thought [ ?:t]θthought [ θ?:t] 思虑throw [ θ r?u] threw [ θ ru:] thrown [ θ r?un] 投 / 扔understand[, ?nd?'st? nd] understood [, ?nd?'stud] understood 理解wake [weik] woke [w ?uk] woken ['w ?uk?n] 唤醒wear [w ε?] wore [w?:] worn [w ?:n] 衣着win [win] won[w ?n] won[w ?n] 获胜write [rait] wrote [r ?ut] written ['rit ?n] 写do [du:] did [did] done [d?n] 做have/has[h? v] [h? z] had [h? d] had [h? d] 有can [k? n] could [kud] 能may [mei] might [mait] 能够shall [?? l] should [?ud] 将will [wil, wel] would [wud] 将。

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