初中英语语法大全——被动语态
初中英语语法 被动语态
初中英语语法被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例）结构：主语+ be + 过去分词时态：1. 一般现在时：am (is, are) done.2.带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done3. 一般过去时：was (were) done4. 一般将来时：will (shall) be done5. 现在进行时：am (is, are) being done6. 现在完成时：have (has) been done(前三种形式为四会掌握内容)二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。
1．主语+ 连系动词+ 表语(S+V+P)此结构不可用被动语态。
(正) The flowers smell sweet.(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.2．主语+ 不及物动词(S+V)此结构不可变被动语态。
(正) An accident happened last night.(误) An accident was happened last night.3．主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语(S + V+ O)（1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语Children often sing this songThis song is often sung by children.（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。
We should listen to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be listened to carefully.4．主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语(S + V+ IO+ DO)（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。
He showed us a picture .We were shown a picture.（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等常用加for的动词buy, get, make, sing, draw 等A picture was shown to us.A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.5．主语+及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语(S+ V+ O + C)如动词为make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动时要加上“to”。
初中英语语法——被动语态
初中英语语法——被动语态(1)被动语态定义：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
如果主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。
主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。
在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。
(2)英语中被动语态由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。
助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。
被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。
具体结构见下表：[注]p.p.表示过去分词。
(1) 被动语态的用法：①不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。
如：A man was killedin the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。
如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。
如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A petdog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)(2)主动语态如何改写为被动语态：+ 状语+ 状语(动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者)(3) 注意点：①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。
如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。
初中英语语法被动语态
3、主动语态为带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
I was told at home.
A. stay
B. to stay
【考点】
主 动
ask sb. tte sb. to do 被动
choose sb. to do
sb.
encourage sb. to do
allow sb. to do
A. was taken place B. took place
5、主动形式表示被动含义。
---Don’t you like the material ?
---Yes , it very soft.
A. is felt
B. feels
The book sells well.
The watch needs repairing.
注意：被动语态中be的形式是由主语决定的
by SBMS NOXIE
3.情态动词的被语态： must/can/may+be+动词的过去分词
e.g: The car mustn’t be stopped here. Can this chair be taken out of the room? This job must be finished on time.
by SBMS NOXIE
Practice: 1 Must I pay for it at once? _M__us_t_ it _b_e_e_n _p_a_id__ __f_or__ at once? 2 We will build a new lab. A new lab _w_i_ll_ _b_e__ _b_u_i_lt_. 3 They aren’t stopping the traffic now. The traffic _is_n_’t_ _b_ee_n_ _s_to_p_p_in_g_ now. 4 How long have you kept the book? How long _h_a_s_ the book _b_ee_n_ _k_ep_t_?
初中英语语法——被动语态用法总结归纳
初中英语语法——被动语态用法总结归纳被动语态是英语语法中的重要部分，学好被动语态的用法可以帮助学生更准确地理解和使用英语。
下面是被动语态用法的详细总结归纳。
1.被动语态的构成：被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，根据时态的不同，助动词be的形式也会发生变化。
如：- 一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词- 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词- 一般将来时：will be + 过去分词- 现在进行时：am/is/are being + 过去分词- 过去进行时：was/were being + 过去分词- 现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词- 过去完成时：had been + 过去分词2.被动语态的用法：被动语态用来强调动作的承受者（主语）而不是执行者，并且常用于以下情景：2.1当我们不知道或不关心动作的执行者时。
例如：The cake was eaten.（蛋糕被吃了。
）2.2当动作的执行者已知，但我们要强调动作的承受者时。
例如：The house was built by my grandfather.（这座房子是我爷爷建的。
）2.3当我们要避免使用第一人称或第二人称时。
例如：Mistakes were made.（犯了错误。
）3.被动语态的注意事项：在使用被动语态时，需要注意以下几点：3.1表示动作的动词要用过去分词形式。
过去分词的形式有规律变化和不规律变化两种。
如：- 规律变化：原形 + ed，例如：played, watched, called- 不规律变化：需要记忆，例如：born, written, eaten3.2被动句的主语是动作的承受者，通常出现在句子的前面。
如：- 主动语态：I cooked dinner.（我做了晚饭。
）- 被动语态：Dinner was cooked by me.（晚饭是我做的。
）3.3 不及物动词不能构成被动语态。
不及物动词没有宾语，因此不能强调动作的承受者。
初中英语语法被动语态
动词的语态
1．英语中动词有两种语态： 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者。 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。例如：A talk on science will be given in our school next Monday.下周一在我们学校将会有一场关于科学的演讲。
B. will finish
C. will be finished D. would finish
过去将来时态：would + be+过去分词
6、The old scientist said that he ______ to visit their country
before long .
A. invited
B. had invited
C. was inviting D. would be invited
现在完成时态：have/has + been +过去分词
7、With the help of the Hope Project, more and more new schools _____
in the poor area.
在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况 中：
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This watch is made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 More trees must be planted every year.每年都应该种更多 的树。
6 过去进行时 was/were+现在分词
was/were+being+过去分词
7 现在完成时 8 过去完成时 9 含情态动词
初中英语语法——被动语态用法总结归纳
初中英语语法——被动语态用法总结归纳被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化。
被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。
1.各种时态的被动语态结构如下：一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am / is / are (not)+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was / were +过去分词现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have / has +been +过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will +be +过去分词过去将来时的被动语态：主语+would / should + be +过去分词过去进行时的被动语态：主语+was / were + being +过去分词过去完成时的被动语态：主语+had + been +过去分词情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词2.被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by+动作执行者短语。
Football is played widely all over the world。
全世界都广泛地踢足球。
(2)强调动作的承受者。
The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon。
昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
(3)作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型。
It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA。
据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
3.主动语态的句子变为被动语态的步骤(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语(2)动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词(3)原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面；如果没必要，可省略。
初中英语语法——被动语态用法总结归纳
初中英语语法——被动语态用法总结归纳被动语态是英语语法中的一种重要的句型结构，用来表示主语是动作的承受者，或者是主语被动地接受了其中一种行为或影响。
在被动语态中，动作的执行者通常不被说明，而动作的接受者（主语）成为句子的重点。
被动语态的结构是：“be”动词的适当形式 + 过去分词被动语态的时态、语态和主动语态一样，即可以变换时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等）和语态（进行时、完成时等）。
下面对被动语态的几个方面进行总结归纳。
1.一般现在时被动语态：一般现在时被动语态的结构是：“am/is/are”（be动词的适当形式）+ 过去分词例如：- 主动语态：They make cars.- 被动语态：Cars are made by them.2.一般过去时被动语态：一般过去时被动语态的结构是：“was/were”（be动词的适当形式）+ 过去分词例如：- 主动语态：She cooked dinner.- 被动语态：Dinner was cooked by her.3.一般将来时被动语态：一般将来时被动语态的结构是：“will be”（be动词的适当形式）+ 过去分词例如：- 主动语态：You will clean the room.- 被动语态：The room will be cleaned by you.4.进行时被动语态：进行时被动语态的结构是：“am/is/are being”（be动词的适当形式）+ 过去分词例如：- 主动语态：They are painting the wall.- 被动语态：The wall is being painted by them.5.完成时被动语态：完成时被动语态的结构是：“has/have been”（be动词的适当形式）+ 过去分词例如：- 主动语态：She has written a book.- 被动语态：A book has been written by her.需要注意的是，被动语态的主语通常不是动作的执行者，所以经常用于下面几种情况：-当动作的执行者不得而知或不重要时，使用被动语态。
初中英语语法——被动语态及配套练习
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
比如，我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。
正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。
一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词d o为例）结构：主语+ be + 过去分词时态：1. 一般现在时：am (is, are) d one.2.带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, shoul d, need, woul d) be d one3. 一般过去时：was (were) d one4. 一般将来时：will (shall) be d one5. 现在进行时：am (is, are) being d one* 6. 现在完成时：have (has) been d one例如He opened the d oor.他开了门。
(主动句) The d oor was opened.门被开了。
(被动句)二、被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：This book was published in 1981. （publish出版）这本书出版于1981年。
（没有必要或说出出版者）2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The wind ow was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by Luxun.这本书是鲁迅写的。
三、主动语态变被动语态的方法1．把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2．把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) 3．把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
例如：All the peopl e laughed at him.改为：He was l aughed at by all peopl e.They make the bikes in the factory.改为：The bikes are mad e by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
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初中英语语法大全——被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。
一、被动语态的构成主动语态:强调动作发出者被动语态:强调受到动作影响的对象eg: He wrote the book.eg: The book was written by him.eg: She sings the English song.eg: The English song is sung by her.eg: We have finished our homework since two hours ago.eg: Our homework has been finished since two hours ago by us.2. 各种时态及情态动词的被动语态3. 被动语态的各种句式eg: Have you heard about that car accident near the school? --- Yes, luckily no one was hurt.你听说学校附近的那场车祸了吗? --- 是的，幸运的是没有人受伤。
eg: A road has been built by the government. 一条道路已经被政府修建了。
eg: I am not invited to go to the party by my friend. 我没有被朋友邀请去参加聚会。
eg: My bike isn’t being repaired by Tom now. 我的自行车现在没有被汤姆修理。
eg: Are they used for posting letters? 它们被用来邮递信件吗?eg: Are trees being planted over there by them? 那边的树正在被他们种植吗?eg: When was the basketball team set up? 这支篮球队是什么时候成立的?eg: How many man-made satellites have been sent into space? 已经有多少颗人造卫星被发射升空?4. 情态动词的被动语态的句式eg: The project must be finished by the end of this week. 这个项目这个用末前必须完成。
eg: These clothes needn't be washed. 这些衣服不必洗。
eg: Should I be allowed make my own decision? 应该允许我自己做决定吗?eg: Can the homework be done in class? 这些家庭作业能在课堂上完成吗?eg: When must this work be done? 这项工作必须在什么时候完成?eg: Who might be elected president of the university? 谁可能被选为这所大学的校长?二、被动语态的用法1.强调动作的承受者主语应该是说话者要突出强调的重点。
如果我们感兴趣的重点发动作的承受者(实语，就用被动语态将其宾语交为主语使其突出。
eg: Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake of April 20,203 in Ya’an.在雅安的地震中很多房屋被损坏了。
(强调destroy的承受者many houses)eg: A new idea has been suggested. 已经提出了一个新想法。
(强调suggest的宾语a new idea)2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者说话者不知道动作的执行者,或者认为没有必要指出。
eg: Do you know when the first train was produced in China?你知道中国的第一辆火车是什么时候制造的吗?eg:The house is being repaired. 这座房子正在修缮中。
2.强调动作的执行者被动句有时不用by短语，因为使用被动句多因动作执行者不明确或者不重要，但是有时也用by短语来强调或突出重要的、新的信息。
eg: The painting on the wall is very valuable. It was done by Picasso墙上的那幅画非常珍贵，那是毕加索画的。
(强调do的发出者Picasso)eg: The beautiful gift was given by my grandfather.这份精美的礼物是我爷爷给我的。
(强调give的发出者grandfather)三、主动语态和被动语态的转化1. 主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤步骤一：将主语的宾语作被动语态的主语eg: Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.步骤二：谓语动词变成“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表现出不同的时态。
Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.步骤三：主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语(by Bruce)，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。
(有时by短语可以省略）Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. 动语态转化为被动语态的各种情况(1) 主语+谓语+宾语... (主语+be done+by)主动语态：No one has ever beaten Sonya at tennis.被动语态：Sonya has never been beaten (by...) at tennis.(2)A. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语( 主语+be done+直接宾语(+by...)主动语态：They give the children many good books.被动语态：The children were given many good books.B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(主语+ be done to/ for+间接宾语(by...)、主动语态：They give the children many good books.被动语态：Many good books were given to the children by them.(3) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(主语+ be done+宾语补足语(by...)主动语态：We made Mr.White leader of the team.被动语态：Mr. White was made leader of the team.(4)A. 主语+谓语+宾语从句（It+be done+原来的宾语从句）主动语态：They say that Nell is one of the richest people.被动语态：It is said that Nell is one of the richest people.B.主语+谓语（+宾语从句的连接词）+从句宾语+从句的谓语（主语+ be done+不定式to do...）主动语态：We believed that he would succeed.被动语态：He was believed to succeed.(5)祈使句：谓语+宾语（Let+宾语+be done）主动语态：Keep the book where it is.被动语态：Let the book be kept where it is.四.被动语态的注意事项1.主动形式表示被动意义(1)某些连系动词，如look, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove等，可用主动语态表示被动含义。
eg: This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫提起来比那件衬衫柔软得多。
eg: Everything will prove to be all right in the end. 最后会证明一切顺利。
(2) 表示主语的特征、状态的动词作谓语时。
表示主语的特征、状态的动词常见的有read, write, sell, clean, cook, burn, draw, cut, wear等,此类动词常表示主语的某种属性。
eg: Her new novel sells well. 她的新小说很畅销。
eg: This kitchen cleans very easily. 这个厨房很容易清洗。
(3) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
此类动词通常与can't, won't等连用。
eg: The door won't shut. 这扇门关不上。
eg: Suddenly the door opened. 突然间门开了。
(4) 某些表示“发生”的(短语)动词，如happen, take place, spread等。
eg: The accident happened last week. 事故是上周发生的。
eg: The news spread quickly and at last our teacher knew it. 这些消息传播的很快，最后我们老师知道了。
(5)动名词的主动形式表被动意义。
作“需要”讲的need, want, require后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。
eg: The problem requires studying with great care. = The problem requires to be studied with great care.2.短语动词的被动语态将含有“动词+介词/副词”结构的短诉动词的主动向变为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词不能遗漏。
注意短语动词只有跟宾语时才能有被动形式。
eg: The girl’s little brother taken good care of by her. 那个女孩的小弟弟被她照顾得很好。
eg: The meeting was put off bcause of the bad weather. 由于糟糕的天气，会议被推迟了。