The westword movement(美国西进运动)
西进运动
Effect
Transportation:From the 19th century,the government had built 5 railway
lines across the west and east.
Politics and Democracy:The government made laws to establish the ralationship between the western states and federal government.
Effect
Population:
Also,the westward Movement is a large-scale immigration.These immigrate helped to build a lot of cities such as San Francisco, Los Angeles and so on.
Effect
Industrialization:
The development of agriculture in the western region provided for industrial development a large amount of food,raw materials,exports and domestic markets.With abundant natural resources there,such as coal,iron ore,oil and water,its industry developed very fast.
West Expansion
美国西进运动
Content
Brief introduction Effect
西进运动)
美国西进运动开放分类：美国政治西进运动（Westward Movement）是美国人民由北美东部向西部地区开发、移居的过程。
它始自美国建国后，当初移民越过阿巴拉契亚山脉，进入密西西比河以东地区，从19世纪20年代起，移民开始越过密西西比河，进入美国新扩张的地区，40年代，加利福尼亚发现金矿，形成移民的“加利福尼亚热”，19世纪末，西进运动结束。
编辑摘要目录美国西进运动是19世纪美国人口向西部迁移而引起一系列社会活动和社会变革的总称，是美国人对西部的开发过程，也是美国城市化、工业化和美利坚民族大融合的过程。
西进运动彻底改变了美国的面貌：大片荒地被开垦出来，大批的资本主义农场建立起来，西部农业的发展为工业的发展提供了大量的粮食、原料、出口产品和国内市场；使美国的劳动力布局有所改变：促进了国内统一大市场的形成，东西部互补性贸易迅速发展；西部资源的开发和利用还满足了工业发展的需要，交通运输业也飞速发展。
美国的西进运动激发了美国人的创造力和经济活力，提高了美国的综合国力和国际地位，对美国整个国民经济的起飞具有重要的意义，对美国的经济、政治、文化、思想、军事等社会各方面产生了重大影响，同时也是美国文化本土化的发展历程。
美国西进运动 - 历史背景早在北美殖民地时期，向西移民的活动就开始了。
南部的奴隶主、北部的土地投机商和贫苦的老百姓，都希望在西部获得土地。
英国政府为了把殖民地人民限制在能够控制的地方，于1763年颁布了禁止移民越过阿巴拉契亚山脉以西的公告令。
独立革命粉碎了这一规定。
178 3年英美议定了和平解决方案，英国把阿巴拉契亚山以西至密西西比河这一大片印第安人所有的土地，开放给了美国。
1830年5月，A．杰克逊总统通过了《印第安人迁移法》，把印第安人迁到密西西比河以西。
这之后，派军队把印第安人押送出密西西比河以东地区，殖民事业在这一地区迅速发展。
“旧西南部”（包括今肯塔基、田纳西、亚拉巴马、密苏里、密西西比、阿肯色、路易斯安那诸州）的土地，主要被种植园奴隶主占有，成为棉花的主要产地。
Westward movement 西进运动解析
Positive effects Agriculture: After the Westward Movement , the Midwest quickly became a well-known “grain base”. This movement helped to bring mechanization, regionalization and specialization to America’s agriculture. Population: Also, the Westward Movement is a largescale immigration. These immigrates helped to build a lot of cities such as San Francisco, Los Angeles and so on.
Industrialization: The development of agriculture in the western region provided for industrial development a large amount of food, raw materials, exports and domestic markets. With abundant natural resources there, such as coal, iron ore, oil and water, its industry developed very fast.
Background
1.The constant expansion of America from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast , more and more people immigrated to Americia . 2.In the west region, there is a vast land and rich resources, but a few people in there. 3.The constant expansion of Amercia capitalism.
谈美国西进运动
谈美国西进运动摘要：美国西进运动是美国国内的一次大规模移民拓殖运动,是美国人对西部的开发过程。
美国联邦政府为开发西部，在土地分配、鼓励移民、吸引外资和生态保护等方面采取了一系列政策措施。
在一百余年的时间里，美国不仅将西部建设成为采矿业、畜牧业和农业的生产基地，而且促进了美国农业和工业的现代化，为美国成为世界大国奠定基础。
西部大开发对美国政治、经济社会思想等产生了重大而深远的影响。
关键词：西进运动；西部大开发；土地政策；交通革命；生态保护在美国历史上，“西部”其实是一个很不确定的概念。
它最初只是指从阿巴拉契亚山到密西西比河之间的地带，以后，由于美国领土的扩张才扩大其范围，以至包括太平洋沿岸的整个领域，同时也就有了“旧西部”、“新西部”和“远西部”之别。
①西部东接平原，落基山的几处山口为西部与东部发达地区之间的联系提供了通道，西临太平洋，它像纽带一样把西部与环太平洋国家连在一起。
这里有辽阔的土地和牧场，太平洋沿岸有大面积的森林，西南地区有丰富的光热资源，落基山脉等山区蕴藏大量有色金属、煤和油页岩等矿藏，山地高原的河流水能资源极为丰沛。
不足之处是大部分地区气候千燥，降水稀少，发展经济所需的水资源多来自河流。
美国西进运动是美国国内的一次大规模移民拓殖运动,是美国人对西部的开发过程。
对待西进运动,要一分为二地看待,在看到它的积极意义的同时也要看到它所产生的负面影响。
1.美国西进运动产生的历史背景和推动力美国西进运动作为一个大规模的移民运动,它的历史背景可以追溯到殖民时代。
②从英国人在北美大陆第一个殖民地詹姆斯教的建立,到美国独立时的十三个州,它本身就是一个由东到西的拓展过程。
事实上从18世纪中叶就已经开始了向阿巴拉契亚山以西的扩张活动,后来的西进运动就是以此为起源的。
推动西进运动的社会力量主要有三种:其一是土地投机者,他们是形成于18世纪的特殊商人集团,也有不少是军官、议员或官员。
他们把所抢占的大量公共土地分成小块高价转卖给后来的移民,或者直接组织移民前往他所有的土地上定居。
Presentation--- Westward Movement西进运动
Democracy
Opportunities American characteristics
Negative Influences
• Aboriginal Indians • Loss of natural sources
Conclusion
• American Westward Movement is on the one hand a great history, on the other hand a miserable history.
All told, the news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.
Homestead Act
The first of the acts, the Homestead Act of 1862, was signed into law by President Abra The two opposite and related sides of Westward Movement are one of the most influential forces to shape North American history.
Monument----西进之门
That’s all. Thank you!
•
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States of America in 1803 of 828,000 square miles of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana. The U.S. paid 15 million dollars (less than 3 cents per acre) for the Louisiana territory. The Louisiana Purchase nearly doubled the size of the young nation , changing its borders from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Mississippi River to the Rocky mountains.
美国西进运动英文版
The Rise of Middle Class
LOGO
In Jacksonian era, the majority of common men found opportunities in the relatively fluid society to achieve material success, as in those that preceded and followed it, established “middle class” respectability. ”
Page 10
The Start of Spoil System
LOGO
When Jackson became President, many wealthy Easterners held federal government offices. Jackson dismissed many of these people from office, replacing them with his supporters. The spoil system is a practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit independent of political activity.
Westward movement 西进运动
Westward movementWestward Expansion is a movement of people from the settled regions of the United States to lands farther west. Since the late 18th centuries to the late 19th centuries, Anglo-American people and their society expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. This westward expansion crossed what was often called the American frontier. As one frontier area was settled, people began moving farther west into the next unsettled area, sweeping aside Native Americans as they went.It took Americans a century and a half to expand as far west as the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. By 1850, pioneers had pushed the edge of settlement all the way to Texas, the Rocky Mountain and the Pacific Ocean. During the movement rush, a new powerful and fascinating conviction had been shaped which is called the “manifest destiny” later. People believed that it was US destiny to expand towards the Pacific, perhaps further and to spread its ideas of democracy and freedom.In order to pioneer more frontiers, America intrigued the independence of Texas, which finally led to the War between Mexico and America in 1846.America won the war in the end and therefore gained a vast area of land. West movement is also called as Trail of Tears, which is given to the forced relocation and movement of nativeAmerican from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. It caused millions of death because of hunger, diseases and cold,which was known as Death March.This is a historical tragedy and also ainerasable reproach in American history.The Gold Rush was one of the most significant events in westward movement. It began in 1848, when gold was discovered in California. The New York Herald was the first major newspaper on the East Coast to report the discovery of gold.President James Polk confirmed the discovery of gold in an address to Congress. News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in some 300,000 men, women, and children coming to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. It brought a lot of workers and vastly promoted the development of society, agriculture, transportation and economy in the west.Looking back to the Westward Movement, many common American values were exactly developed from it such as self-reliance, the rugged individualism, inventiveness, the can-do spirit and equality of opportunity. That’s all should be reserved forever. But we also must not forget those persecuted Native Americans and destroyed environment.。
American_Westward_Movement(美国西进运动)
American Westward MovementU.S. Westward Movement is a long and sustained process of development. Back in the United States prior to independence, the Americans began to expand to the western North American continent, but until the United States after independence, the United States westward movement was more active and planned, and continues to the present.Throughout the American West in the history of westward movement can be divided into the following period.Agriculture is the main period of initial developmentFrom the War of Independence to the Civil War is the American West during the first period, mainly agriculture-based initial development period. Land on the western economic development after independence the United States has a special significance, not open to the west is not today's America. Seven years after the war ended, Britain and France, the United Kingdom from France won the west of the Appalachian Mountains of Canada and the east bank of the Mississippi River until the vast area; the same time, the United Kingdom announced that the Appalachian Mountains to the west of all land belongs to the British royal family, which be triggered anti-British colonists in North America one of the factors. Bourgeois desire for expansion of the national territory, land speculators attempt to derive profits, farmers, artisans, and put the western land of immigrants, as from oppression, the only hope for a new life.Integrated development of the industrial periodFrom the Civil War to World War II is the American West in the second period, mainly based on industry-based, integrated development period. The end of the Civil War, especially after the reconstruction of the South, the South won the largest capitalist economy, the development of plantations in northern and southern main bourgeois compromise, there have been relatively stable political situation. At the same time, the second industrial revolution is rapidly rising, the United States began the country from an agricultural to an industrial transformation. Thus, the westward movement of this period, based on industry-based, integrated development.Development of high-tech times the depth of the mainFrom the end of World War II to the present is the American West in the third period, mainly in the depth of the main development of science and technology development period. After the end of World War II, the United States first occurred in a computer network technology, nuclear technology, biotechnology, space technology, space and an important symbol of the third technological revolution. Western United States full use of its scientific and technological revolution in the hotbed of the geographical advantages, to science and technology development as the main use of advanced technology to transform traditional industries, develop new industries, greatly promoted the development of the western United States and the prosperity of the entireU.S. economy and strong support for development of knowledge economy of the United States.Sport natureA constant migration to the west, the process of territorial expansion American Westward Movement, is a constant migration to the west, the process of territorial expansion, and migration to the west, only a prelude to the United States territorial expansion, was the result. First, illegal immigration into the west, and then, the government will map these areas into the U.S., then followed that the influx of large numbers of Reclamation. Independent United States of America, the region is very small, only 13 states Atlantic coast. After independence, large numbers of people flocked to the Wild West. Initially, immigrants mainly settled in areas to the east of the Mississippi. Early 19th century, the United States through the purchase of armed subversion and means of waging war for territorial expansion. In 1803, while Napoleon was busy with the U.S. government war machine in Europe, bought Louisiana from France. 20 years since the 19th century, immigrants migrated to the west of the Mississippi River, a large number of Americans who moved to Texas a division of Mexico, a pioneer of Texas annexation. 40 Americans over the age of the Rocky Mountains, along the Pacific region flocked in groups, setting off the "Oregon Fever" and "California fever" and led to the U.S. territory of coverage of these areas.The same period, the Eurasian region of the shortage of large disaster and war, a large number of European and Asian immigrants flock to the United States. 1857 The first global economic crisis in the eastern U.S. large numbers of workers facing unemployment, a large number of hungry people wandering in the country, many people with great desire to flock to the western land. In 1862, Lincoln government promulgated the "Homestead Act", the Westward Movement to a new climax. According to statistics, from 1815 to 1860, immigration has 500 thousand people; from 1861 to 1914 half-century, migration of more than 2,700 people. A large number of European and Asian immigrants, many come to seek a way out gold or laborers. In human history, like the U.S., scale, scope, length of time, the deep social impact of immigration movement is rare, making the United States as the world's most typical, dynamic nation of immigrants. The contribution of immigrants is apparentAn economic development processAmerican Westward Movement, is an industrial revolution go hand in hand, the coordinated development of industrial and agricultural economic development process. The vast expanse of the western region is rich in mineral resources, water resources and forest resources, has a long coastline and excellent harbor, has the right climate, suitable for agriculture Yi Mu. It provides a superior American industrial conditions and broad market prospects, but also for the development of U.S. agriculture provides the vast world. The 19th century, 60 years, the Ohio River and the Mississippi River north of the development of a "kingdom of wheat", the Mississippi River as "CottonKingdom." The rise of agriculture as the economic prosperity of the United States provides a good foundation for the eastern industrial and urban population with ample raw materials, food.The American Industrial Revolution of the unique characteristics of Western development means the expansion of the domestic market. Tens of millions of immigrants gradually came to settle in Western business, production and labor required for the basic necessities of life are required to purchase materials, market capacity of large, unprecedented. This promoted the development of manufacturing industry in eastern, but also to keep them westward. Large land area, the need to improve traffic conditions in the 19th century built 20 to 30 years and the Ohio Erie Canal - Erie Canal, the Mississippi River, the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean linked together. In particular, from 30 years onwards, the government encouraged and funded the construction of railways in the country set off a boom in decades has built a transcontinental railway lines 5, formed the backbone of the national railway land and water transport system. Accelerate the development of the transport industry the process of industrial revolution in the United States, while it is also an important result of the industrial revolution the United States to promote the mechanization of agriculture production.The process of pioneering the American peopleWestward Movement is the process of pioneering the American people. To face various difficulties and obstacles, the United States abandoned the people of all stereotypes, overcome difficulties and forge ahead, thereby fostering the formation of the American nation reality, optimism and courage of the national character, which is an inexhaustible wealth of a life time.Flooding also killed the movement of indigenous IndianAmerican Westward Movement, is also a drive to kill the movement of indigenous Indians, the Indians a history of hardship. But from the perspective of the evolution of human civilization, it is the United States, the process of capital accumulation, in the form of modern civilization. Advanced capitalist mode of production extended to the western region, making it the capitalist world-system components.Rating:For the American Westward Movement, which is in a free market economy and the territorial expansion against the backdrop of large-scale population movements as the basis for the pilot transport, industry, agriculture and animal husbandry as the main point, in order to promote regional development in growth centers socio-economic development process. The results of the American West, complete the east and west between U.S. political and economic integration, promoting the development of capitalist industrialization, modern agriculture led to the American Revolution, the industrial revolution and the knowledge revolution, foster the pioneering spiritof the American people, especially the United States in the western development embodied in the esteem, fear no sacrifice, high-spirited, constantly finding new lands, new wealth of the cowboy spirit of the frontier spirit, the Americans became indomitable, heroic optimism, courage, to explore more than the spirit of the entire nation. In short, the United States through the Westward Movement, in the hundred millions of years in the development of square kilometers of land. And established in these lands of modern agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, and this growth is the U.S. number one economic power in the world had a decisive impact. So, no westward movement, there is no United States today.。
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• The Westward Movement of the U.S. have had a significant and far-reaching impact on economic, political and social.
• The development of agriculture in the western region provided for industrial development a large amount of food, raw materials, exports and domestic markets.
• The western development and utilization of resources also met the needs of industrial development and the rapid development of the transport industry is also ... ... the American Westward Movement inspired American creativity and economic vitality, and the United States improved the national comprehensive strength and international status; It was of great significance for the United States that took off the entire national economy
The Westward Movement
----美国பைடு நூலகம்进运动
The Reasons for the Movement
• As early as in North America in the colonial era, the westward migration activities began. His master's in the southern and northern land speculators and poor people, want access to land in the west. The British Government in order to be able to control colonized people in the restricted areas, in 1763 promulgated a ban on immigrants to cross the Appalachian Mountains to the west of the announcement made. Revolution crushed the independence of this provision. Britain and the United States in 1783 agreed on a peace settlement, the United Kingdom to the Appalachian west of the Mississippi River all the large Indian land, open to the United States. In May 1830, A. Jackson, the president passed the "Indian migration law," the Indian move to the west of the Mississippi River. And after that, to send Indian troops to escort the area to the east of the Mississippi River, the colonial cause of the rapid development in the region.
• 早在北美殖民地时期，向西移民的活动就开始了。 南部的奴隶主、北部的土地投机商和贫苦的老百姓， 都希望在西部获得土地。英国政府为了把殖民地人 民限制在能够控制的地方，于1763年颁布了禁止移 民越过阿巴拉契亚山脉以西的公告令。独立革命粉 碎了这一规定。1783年英美议定了和平解决方案， 英国把阿巴拉契亚山以西至密西西比河这一大片印 第安人所有的土地，开放给了美国。1830年5月， A．杰克逊总统通过了《印第安人迁移法》，把印 第安人迁到密西西比河以西。这之后，派军队把印 第安人押送出密西西比河以东地区，殖民事业在这 一地区迅速发展。
Thank you!
California Gold Rush
• Indians • Buffalo
The victims
The effects
• The Westward Movement is a large-scale immigration, which developed the processes of the American west and the urbanization, industrialization and the national integration of United States.