井控常用词汇
井控术语

1.井侵(Influx) 当地层孔隙压力大于井底压力时,地层孔 隙中流体(油、气、水)将侵入井内,通常称 之为井侵。 2.溢流(Overflow) 井侵发生后,井口返出的钻井液量比泵入 的钻井液量多,停泵后井口钻井液自动外溢, 这种现象称之为溢流。 3.井涌(Well kick) 当溢流进一步发生,钻井液涌出井口的现 象称之为井涌。
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6.一次井控( First Well-Control ) 在钻井过程中,通过使用合理密度的钻井 液来平衡和控制地层压力,达到发现油气层、 保护油气层的方式,叫一次井控。 7.二次井控( Second Well-Control) 当一次井控失败,出现溢流、井涌等,通 过关井、求压、提高钻井液密度、节流循环压 井等手段来重建井内液柱压力平衡,控制和保 护住油气层,恢复正常钻井的方式,叫二次井 控。
液体里任意点的总压力是静水压力、动压力和 关井压力之和, pt=Pm+pd+关井压力
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12、井底压力(BHP)
指钻井作业在井底产生的总压力。井底压力是 井内液体产生的静水压力与所有循环损失 (如:环空压力损失)和地面施加的所有回压 之和
13、地层压力或孔隙压力(pp)
地层压力或孔隙压力是钻开地层所含液体产生 的压力
16、回压损失(反压力损失)
停泵起、下钻、接单根或因其他原因停泵时, 地层要损失回压(反压力)。损失的回压(反 压力)与环空的摩擦损失相等。
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17、井涌安全系数
可定义为上层套管周围地层破裂之前地层液体 侵入裸眼的体积。 由于侵入流体密度大大低于泥浆密度,而且正 在充填管鞋下面的井眼,地面压力加上从侵入 顶部到地面的液柱压力可能大于套管鞋破裂压 力,因此,侵入可能损坏套管鞋。
石油钻井英语词汇

对照实物确认的钻井词汇一、井口与井控1.套管头升高短节(上下由法兰连接,中间是三通或四通)casing spool2.油管悬挂器tubing hanger3.油管悬挂器上边接有阀门的盖子tubing bonnet4.(可焊接的)导管头(接箍)conductor connector5.(可焊接的)套管头(接箍)casing connector6.井口帽blanking cap & plug7.三闸板防喷器triple slide-lok preventer8.双闸板防喷器double slide-lok prevente9.油/套管升高短节tubing/casing riser10.整体式升高短节integral union riser11.法兰×丝扣井口转换头wellhead adapter12.井口四通两边的横向阀门wing valves13.油管悬挂器上边的变径法兰大小头bonnet14.上边是法兰的套管头casing flange15.只上边是法兰,下边与表层套管焊接的套管头casing head16.套管头内的卡瓦casing slips17.(上法兰小,下法兰大)变径套管头casing spool crossover18.与导管焊接的坐在圆井底的套管头landing head flange top19.卡瓦密封套管悬挂器slips seal casing hanger20.(上下是法兰,中间是四通的)油管升高短节tubing spool21.柔性封隔闸板flexpacker ram22.可变径闸板variable bore ram23.剪切闸板shearing blind ram24.卡瓦型套管悬挂器slip-type casing hangers25.高负荷悬挂器high-load hanger26.悬挂器断开式密封圈hanger isolation seal ring27.井口封隔变径变压法兰(中间有几道密封圈,下边是低压,上边是高压)packoff/crossover flange28.油管头(下法兰大,内带密封圈;中间是四通,上法兰小)tubing heads29.底(下)变径法兰(下边内径大,上边内径小)basic adapter30.单密封变径法兰(下内径大,上内径小)single seal bore adapter31.变径大小头(下边是法兰,上边是本体上钻孔攻丝扣)coupling adapter32.油管悬挂器转换大小头短节(上法兰小,下法兰大,下法兰内有丝扣)tubingsuspension adapter33.双油管悬挂器dual completion tubing hanger34.双密封孔连接法兰dual seal bore adapter35.锁紧螺丝lockdown screw36.(地面)单油管密封总成single packer completion37.法兰式采油树盖子flanged tree caps38.扰性油管悬挂器coiled tubing hanger39.扰性油管头coiled tubing head40.高级环形防喷器芯子supreme stripper41.旋转防喷器rotating BOP42.下面带有母扣的套管头casing head housing with female casing thread43.带底盘的套管头casing head housing with base plate44.(上法兰小,下法兰大)带四通的套管头crossover casing spool45.常规油管头conventional tubing head46.防喷器吊装系统BOP handling system47.(装在压井管汇一边的)单流阀check valve48.标准扰性油管树总成typical coiled tubing tree assembly49.套管悬挂器(即套管头内的卡瓦)casing hanger50.万能防喷器芯子packing unit51.装压力表的井口或采油树顶盖flow adapter52.(较大较厚的)密封圈packoff53.(从井口通往节流管汇的)液控阀HCR valve54.回压阀(止回阀)check valve55.套管头外壳CHH=casing head housing56.套管头上的四通CHS=casing head spool57.用在套管头与四通之间的变径变压法兰DSA=drilling spool adaptor58.地平面GL=ground level59.手动阀门MV=manual valve60.双头螺栓连接的油管头四通DSTHS=double studded tubing head spool61.双头螺栓连接的密封转换法兰DSPOAF=doublestuddedpack-offadaptorflange62.大直径导管stovepipe63.压井钻井液KWM=kill weight mud64.井口最大允许环空压力(套压)MAASP=maximumallowableannularsurfacepressure65.起钻POOH=pull out of hole66.下钻RIH=run in hole67.关井立管压力SIDPP=shut-in drill pipe pressure68.关井套压SICP=shit-in casing pressure69.副司钻AD=assistant driller70.垂直井深TVD=true vertical depth71.垂直方向TVD=true vertical direction72.压井排量和压力KRP=kill rate & pressure73.初始循环压力ICP=initial circulating pressure74.终止循环压力FCP=final circulating pressure75.测量深度(实际井深)MD=measured depth76.钻井液密度MD=mud density77.每分钟冲数SPM=strokes per minute78.井底压力不变CBHP=constant bottom-hole pressure二、套管和固井1.(固井或压井用的高压管线)可转向短节swivel joint2.由壬hammer lug unions3.防硫化氢由壬(H2S)sour gas unions4.焊接由壬butt weld unions5.上扣由壬threaded unions6.焊接弯头welded elbow7.(约两三米长,两三吋的)两头带由壬的高压固井、压井管线pup joint8.水泥头plug lounching head9.(刮管器上的)刮刀片scraper blades10.回收式水泥分割器retrievable cement packoff11.可钻水泥分割器drillable cement packoff12.杯形水泥分割器cup style cement packoff13.封割器坐入工具packoff setting tool14.带可钻封隔器的尾管挂liner setting collar with drillable packoff15.带回压阀的引鞋PVTS16.自动灌钻井液引鞋self-filling float shoe=fill-up valve=fillup mode17.带分流孔的(防堵)引鞋down-jet float shoe18.桥塞bridge plug19.机械式桥塞(或尾管)送入工具mechanical setting tool20.大直径限位环oversize stop ring21.封隔器胶皮限位套packer thimble22.(螺旋刮管器上的)刀片限位套blade retainer23.单回压阀引鞋single float set shoe24.双回压阀引鞋dual float set shoe25.扣闩式尾管固井胶塞承托环latch landing collar26.旋转式尾管送入器rotating liner running tool27.坐入器清杂网setting tool debris screen28.套管扶正器限位套stop collar=dog collar29.不焊接的套管扶正器non-welded centralizer30.半钢性套管扶正器semi-rigid centralizer31.无焊接涡流式套管扶正器non-welded turbolizer32.钢性套管扶正器rigid centralizer33.水泥篮cement basket34.固体分流器solid body diverter35. (双级固井)第一级堵塞器first stage sealing plug36. (双级固井)第二级“炮弹”式旁通打开器free-ball opening device37. (双级固井)第二级堵塞器closing plug38. (双级固井)泵冲式旁通打开器pump down opening plug39. (双级固井)旁通堵塞器by-pass plug40.分级箍stage cementing collar41.套管快速护丝quick-clamp thread protector42.套管双公短节casing nipple43.引鞋float nose=guide shoe=set shoe44.铰链式套管扶正器hinge-type centralizers45.多级固井分级箍multiple stage cementing collar46.单级固井水泥头single stage cementing head47.双级固井水泥头two stage cementing head48.有焊接弓形弹簧扶正器welded spring bow centralizer49.无焊接直条扶正器non-weld straight bow centralizer50.短螺旋刚性扶正器short spiral rigid centralizer51.扶正器限位套stop collar52.套管涨管器casing roller53.插入杆stinger54.插入(接)头tag-in adapter55. (插入式固井的)插入座tag-in float collar56.插入式固井下部结构tag-in assembly57.插入式固井用的钻杆座和卡瓦drill pipe bowl and slips58. (插入式固井)水泥头pack-off head assembly59. (插入式固井)上丝扣式的插入头screw-in adapter60. (插入式固井)锁闩式插入头screw-in adapter61. (插入式固井)插入密封头stab-in seal sub62.螺旋清砂扶正器(套)spiral solid stand-off centralizers63.直刮刀式清砂扶正器solid “straight blade” stand-off centralizer64. (扶正器与井壁)接触长度wall contact65.回压阀back pressure valve66. (固井或压井用)约2~5米长,2吋或3吋高压管线longsweep hose67.双公由壬短节male×male union ends68.公母由壬短节male×female union ends69.总长overall length70.水泥头releasing bail operator71.进扣长度make up loss=thread swallow三、管材与配件1.四通full flow cross2. (等边)三通long sweep full flow tee3. 90度弯头long sweep 90°ell4.侧三通long sweep tee5.顶部有出口的160度立管鹅颈管三通standpipe gooseneck 160°with top outlet6. 45度弯头long sweep 45°ell7.大小头adapter sub8.循环三通T-pump-in sub9.变径大小头(粗细扣大小头)crossover adapter10.短钻杆drill pipe pup joint11.十字四通连接管cross connector12.丁字三通连接管tee connector13.活动转向短节(固井、压井管线)Chiksan swivel joint14.伸缩短节expansion joint15.细扣管线堵头bull plug16.细扣管线大小头line pipe swages17.(两半式带手柄的)水管线卡子hinglelok18.(两半式用两个螺栓固定的)水管线卡子rigidlite coupling19.细扣管线接箍(双母)line pipe coupling=steel merchant coupling20.丝扣连接旁通(出口)threaded side outlet21.螺栓连通旁通studded side outlet22.母扣female threaded23.盲板法兰blind flange24.内径带丝扣的法兰companion flange25.内径带密封圈的法兰packoff flange26.变径法兰crossover flange27.与法兰连接的方块四通studded cross28.与法兰连接的方块三通studded tee29.与法兰连接的丝扣三通flanged by thread tee30.单头可转短节(仅一头能转动的短节)single swivel coupling31.单弯脖单头可转短节single swivel with one elbow32.双弯脖单头可转短节single swivel with two elbows33.双弯脖双头可转短节two swivels with two elbows34.单弯脖双头可转短节two swivels with one elbow35.三弯脖双转向短节two swivels with three elbows36.三弯脖三转向短节three swivels with three elbows37.双弯脖三转向短节three swivels with two elbows38.方(块)铁直角弯脖block connector39. 90度弯脖long radius connector40.可变径弯接头knuckle joint41.管线滤清器strainer四、地面与井下工具A.地面工具1.砂轮片grinding wheels2.手动钻具台肩修整器shoulder facing device3.内六楞凹头螺栓allen head cap screws4.六楞弯头扳手allen wrench5.带限位台肩的接头stop sub6.固定螺丝(限位螺丝)retainer screw7.方瓦驱动方钻杆square drive8.销子驱动方钻杆(滚子方补心带四个爪)pin drive9.高强度滚子方补心heavy duty roller Kelly bushing10.钻杆卡瓦rotary slips11.钻铤卡瓦drill collar slips12.导管卡瓦conductor pipe slips13.套管卡瓦casing slips14.铰链式套管卡瓦hinged casing spider15.气动套管吊卡/卡瓦casing elevator/spider16.安全卡瓦clamp17.滚筒排绳槽lebus groove18.装在井架大腿上的死绳固定器mast leg mount anchor19.死绳固定器wireline anchor=deadline anchor20.绷绳地锚deadman21.离合器clutches22.刹车片brakes23.端面离合器刹车片disc brakes24.快速放气阀quick release valves25.转子密封器rotorseals26.(大直径管线)充气密封圈air-o-union27.(保险)放压阀pressure relief valve28.钻井液防喷盒mud miser29.鼠洞上扣钳和吊卡mousehole spinning wrench & elevator30.销子驱动方补心pin drive Kelly bushing31.方铁驱动方补心square drive Kelly bushing32.高压胶管diver hose33.滚筒刹带brake bands34.刮泥器pipe wipers35.高强度链钳heavy-duty chain36.泵缸套imperial liner37.中间带钢圈的活塞imperial piston38.耐用活塞(中间无钢圈)extra-life bonded piston39.中间有扶正器(孔)的阀体和阀座imperial valves and seats40.带四个爪的阀体和阀座roughneck full open series valves and seats41.刹带片brake blocks42.泵空气包胶囊diaphragms for pulsation dampener43.方钻杆下旋塞Kelly guard44.小鼠洞上扣器rotating mousehole45.(钻台上用的)气葫芦air tugger46.分体式游车大钩trunion supported hook47.连体式游车大钩adapter supported hook48.喷射式混合漏斗jet mixing system49.单作用泵活塞single acting pump piston50.双作用活塞泵double acting pump piston51.手动油管卡瓦manual tubing spider52.气动油管卡瓦air powered tubing spider53.气动卡瓦slip spider54.气动吊卡slip elevator55.长体手动卡瓦extra long slips56.多片式钻铤卡瓦multisegment drill collar slips57.链钳chain tong58.(大管线)充气密封圈air-inflatable tight seal59.快扣加固井架用保险带snap-on cable reinforced derrick belt60.高台罐区用保险带platform and tank belt61.放线工保险带lineman’s belt62.快扣弯连接二层台和井架保险带(宽腰有背带)snap-onandbuckle-oncombination monkey board and derrick belt63.(宽腰无背带)加固二层台保险带reinforced monkey board belt64.弯接加固二层台保险带buckle-on cable reinforced derrick belt65.高强度蛇皮接绳器heavy-duty grips66.单股或双股编织接绳器single or double weave grip67.三股编织接绳器triple weave grips68.四股编织接绳器quad weave grips69.单(双)接环蛇皮接绳器single (dual) eye grip70.顶部开口单接环蛇皮接绳器single eye top opening grip71.顶部开多口单环蛇皮接绳器topside multiple opening grip72.接绳转向器directional boring swivels73.指重表weight indicator74.压力表pressure gauge75.电子转盘扭距表electric rotary torque76.大钳扭距tong torque77.泵冲数表SPM pump speed indicator78.自动送钻automatic driller79.二层台钻杆支梁finger board80.刹车鼓brake rims81.钻杆刮泥器(drillpipe) stripper rubber82.接链器chain connector83.(大绳)排绳器wireline guide84.单头内六方扳手impact box end wrench85.六楞方钻杆hexagonal Kelly86.(装在滚筒护罩上的)防碰天车阀short toggle valve87.拧扣器make-up/break-out unitsB.井下工具1.铆钉式可调螺旋扶正器undergauge adjustable stabilizer2.钻头导向器bit pilot3.整体式螺旋扶正器integral blade stabilizer4.焊接式螺旋扶正器welded blade stabilizer5.可变径扶正器variable gauge stabilizer6.可更换的扶正器套stabilizer sleeves7.换套扶正器心轴stabilizer mandrel8.滚子扶正器roller reamer9.单级牙轮扩大器(下边可接领眼钻头)single stage hole opener10.六方减震器hex bumper sub11.牙轮取心钻头roller core-barrel head12.刮刀取心钻头blade core-barrel head13.钻铤螺旋槽spiral groove14.方钻铤square drill collar15.光钻铤slick drill collar16.(钮扣式)碳化钨扶正器套sleeve with tungsten carbide buttons17.镍合金扶正器套sleeve with nivalloy18.滚子扶正器rotaryreamers19.(密封轴承)井眼扩大器sealed bearing hole openers20.钻头喷嘴jet nozzle21.无卡簧槽的喷嘴standard nozzle22.有卡簧槽的喷嘴shrouded nozzle23.磨鞋式螺旋扶正器watermelon mill24.磨鞋式短螺旋扶正器string mill25.螺旋加重钻杆spiral-wate drillpipe26.扩大器U/R=underreamer五、钻井液药品与缩写符号1.稀释剂(液体,约25kg1桶)2.抗高温流变性稳定剂3.抗高温流变性稳定剂,属稀释剂,加重时用一点,不增稠,液体约200kg1桶4.液体,润滑剂,约200kg1桶5.高温高压失水稳定剂(降失水),干粉,约25kg1袋6.(有时只写作XCD或CD),生物聚合物,降失水,调流变性,提粘(钻井液稀—流变性低)7.干粉堵漏剂(类似国内的随钻堵漏剂),成分:锯末、稻糠、植物种子8.中号碎核桃壳(相当于麦粒大小)9.细云母粉云母片10.蚌壳渣11.(有时只写作PAC),干粉,相当于国内的CMC,有时在Drispac后加上R或SL,其意是:R—regular高粘,SL-superlow低粘,中文名:聚阴离子纤维素12.滤液酚酞碱度13.钻井液酚酞酸度14.滤液甲基橙碱度15.亚甲基蓝测定法(膨润土含量)16.钻井液密度17.每加仑磅18.粘度19.塑性粘度20.秒21.夸脱22.厘米/秒23.屈服点(流动点)24.磅25.英尺26.静切力(胶凝强度)27.(氢离子浓度倒数的对数)28.立方厘米立方容积29.美国石油学会精确位置显示器30.桶31.钙32.百万分率(百万分之几)33.钻屑34.磅/桶35.尽可能低36.失水37.高温高压38.聚阴离子纤维素衍生物六、打捞工具1.平底牙轮磨鞋2.带锯齿的铣鞋3.铣锥4.枣核形铣锥(两头带丝扣)5.打捞颈6.篮式卡瓦7.螺旋弹簧式卡瓦8.螺旋弹簧式卡瓦控制环9.篮式带铣鞋卡瓦控制环10.母铣锥11.大头壁挂式坡口打捞引鞋12.厚壁管制的壁钩13.卡瓦打捞筒加长管14.母锥15.带坡口引子的母锥16.打捞矛上的退出环17.笔尖式引子18.(打捞筒内的)落物打捞爪19.锯齿底引子20.壁钩式坡口引子21.四楞短锥体带喷嘴磨鞋22.锥头引子23.爪式引鞋24.锯齿式引鞋25.随钻打捞杯26.刮刀式磨鞋27.28.。
石油钻井英语词汇

对照实物确认的钻井词汇一、井口与井控1. 套管头升高短节(上下由法兰连接,中间是三通或四通)casing spool2. 油管悬挂器tubing hanger3. 油管悬挂器上边接有阀门的盖子tubing bonnet4. (可焊接的)导管头(接箍)conductor connector5. (可焊接的)套管头(接箍)casing connector6. 井口帽blanking cap & plug7. 三闸板防喷器triple slide-lok preventer8. 双闸板防喷器double slide-lok prevente9. 油/套管升高短节tubing/casing riser10. 整体式升高短节integral union riser11. 法兰>丝扣井口转换头wellhead adapter12. 井口四通两边的横向阀门wing valves13. 油管悬挂器上边的变径法兰大小头bonnet14. 上边是法兰的套管头casing flange15. 只上边是法兰,下边与表层套管焊接的套管头casing head16. 套管头内的卡瓦casing slips17. (上法兰小,下法兰大)变径套管头casing spool crossover18. 与导管焊接的坐在圆井底的套管头landing head flange top19. 卡瓦密封套管悬挂器slips seal casing hanger20. (上下是法兰,中间是四通的)油管升高短节tubing spool21. 柔性封隔闸板flexpacker ram22. 可变径闸板variable bore ram23. 剪切闸板shearing blind ram24. 卡瓦型套管悬挂器slip-type casing hangers25. 高负荷悬挂器high-load hanger26. 悬挂器断开式密封圈hanger isolation seal ring27. 井口封隔变径变压法兰(中间有几道密封圈,下边是低压,上边是高压)packoff/crossover flange28. 油管头(下法兰大,内带密封圈;中间是四通,上法兰小)tubing heads29. 底(下)变径法兰(下边内径大,上边内径小)basic adapter30. 单密封变径法兰(下内径大,上内径小)single seal bore adapter31. 变径大小头(下边是法兰,上边是本体上钻孔攻丝扣)coupling adapter32. 油管悬挂器转换大小头短节(上法兰小,下法兰大,下法兰内有丝扣)tubingsuspension adapter33. 双油管悬挂器dual completion tubing hanger34. 双密封孔连接法兰dual seal bore adapter35. 锁紧螺丝lockdown screw36. (地面)单油管密封总成single packer completion37. 法兰式采油树盖子flanged tree caps38. 扰性油管悬挂器coiled tubing hanger39. 扰性油管头coiled tubing head40. 高级环形防喷器芯子supreme stripper41. 旋转防喷器rotating BOP42. 下面带有母扣的套管头casing head housing with female casing thread43. 带底盘的套管头casing head housing with base plate44. (上法兰小,下法兰大)带四通的套管头crossover casing spool45. 常规油管头conventional tubing head46. 防喷器吊装系统BOP handling system47. (装在压井管汇一边的)单流阀check valve 48.标准扰性油管树总成typical coiled tubing tree assembly49. 套管悬挂器(即套管头内的卡瓦)casing hanger50. 万能防喷器芯子packing unit51. 装压力表的井口或采油树顶盖flow adapter52. (较大较厚的)密封圈packoff53. (从井口通往节流管汇的)液控阀HCR valve54. 回压阀(止回阀)check valve55. 套管头外壳CHH= casing head housing56. 套管头上的四通CHS=casing head spool57. 用在套管头与四通之间的变径变压法兰DSA=drilling spool adaptor58. 地平面GL=ground level59. 手动阀门MV=manual valve60. 双头螺栓连接的油管头四通DSTHS=double studded tubing head spool61. 双头螺栓连接的密封转换法兰DSPOAF=doublestuddedpack- offadaptorflange62. 大直径导管stovepipe63. 压井钻井液KWM=kill weight mud64. 井口最大允许环空压力(套压)MAASP=maximumallowableannularsurfacepressure65. 起钻POOH=pull out of hole66. 下钻RIH=run in hole67. 关井立管压力SIDPP=shut-in drill pipe pressure68. 关井套压SICP=shit-in casing pressure69. 副司钻AD=assistant driller70. 垂直井深TVD=true vertical depth71. 垂直方向TVD=true vertical direction72. 压井排量和压力KRP=kill rate & pressure73. 初始循环压力ICP=initial circulating pressure74. 终止循环压力FCP=final circulating pressure75. 测量深度(实际井深)MD=measured depth76. 钻井液密度MD=mud density77. 每分钟冲数SPM=strokes per minute78. 井底压力不变CBHP=constant bottom-hole pressure二、套管和固井1. (固井或压井用的高压管线)可转向短节swivel joint2. 由壬hammer lug unions3. 防硫化氢由壬(H2S)sour gas unions4. 焊接由壬butt weld unions5. 上扣由壬threaded unions6. 焊接弯头welded elbow7. (约两三米长,两三吋的)两头带由壬的高压固井、压井管线pup joint8. 水泥头plug lounching head9. (刮管器上的)刮刀片scraper blades10. 回收式水泥分割器retrievable cement packoff11. 可钻水泥分割器drillable cement packoff12. 杯形水泥分割器cup style cement packoff13. 封割器坐入工具packoff setting tool14. 带可钻封隔器的尾管挂liner setting collar with drillable packoff15. 带回压阀的引鞋PVTS16. 自动灌钻井液引鞋self-filling float shoe=fill-up valve=fillup mode17. 带分流孔的(防堵)引鞋down-jet float shoe18. 桥塞bridge plug19. 机械式桥塞(或尾管)送入工具mechanical setting tool20. 大直径限位环oversize stop ring21. 封隔器胶皮限位套packer thimble22. (螺旋刮管器上的)刀片限位套blade retainer23. 单回压阀引鞋single float set shoe24. 双回压阀引鞋dual float set shoe25. 扣闩式尾管固井胶塞承托环latch landing collar26. 旋转式尾管送入器rotating liner running tool27. 坐入器清杂网setting tool debris screen28. 套管扶正器限位套stop collar=dog collar29. 不焊接的套管扶正器non-welded centralizer30. 半钢性套管扶正器semi-rigid centralizer31. 无焊接涡流式套管扶正器non-welded turbolizer32. 钢性套管扶正器rigid centralizer33. 水泥篮cement basket34. 固体分流器solid body diverter35. (双级固井)第一级堵塞器first stage sealing plug36. (双级固井)第二级“炮弹”式旁通打开器free-ball opening device37. (双级固井)第二级堵塞器closing plug38. (双级固井)泵冲式旁通打开器pump down opening plug39. (双级固井)旁通堵塞器by-pass plug40. 分级箍stage cementing collar41. 套管快速护丝quick-clamp thread protector42. 套管双公短节casing nipple43. 引鞋float nose=guide shoe=set shoe44. 铰链式套管扶正器hinge-type centralizers45. 多级固井分级箍multiple stage cementing collar46. 单级固井水泥头single stage cementing head47. 双级固井水泥头two stage cementing head48. 有焊接弓形弹簧扶正器welded spring bow centralizer49. 无焊接直条扶正器non-weld straight bow centralizer50. 短螺旋刚性扶正器short spiral rigid centralizer51. 扶正器限位套stop collar52. 套管涨管器casing roller53. 插入杆stinger54. 插入(接)头tag-in adapter55. (插入式固井的)插入座tag-in float collar56. 插入式固井下部结构tag-in assembly57. 插入式固井用的钻杆座和卡瓦drill pipe bowl and slips58. (插入式固井)水泥头pack-off head assembly59. (插入式固井)上丝扣式的插入头screw-in adapter60. (插入式固井)锁闩式插入头screw-in adapter61. (插入式固井)插入密封头stab-in seal sub62. 螺旋清砂扶正器(套)spiral solid stand-off centralizers63.直刮刀式清砂扶正器solid straight blade -of”f cesntatrnadlizer64. (扶正器与井壁)接触长度wall contact65. 回压阀back pressure valve66. (固井或压井用)约2〜5米长,2吋或3吋高压管线Iongsweep hose67. 双公由壬短节male x male union ends68. 公母由壬短节male x female union ends69. 总长overall length70. 水泥头releasing bail operator71. 进扣长度make up loss=thread swallow三、管材与配件1. 四通full flow cross2. (等边)三通long sweep full flow tee3. 90 度弯头long sweep 90ell°4. 侧三通long sweep tee5 .顶部有出口的160 度立管鹅颈管三通standpipe gooseneck 160with °top outlet6. 45 度弯头long sweep 45ell°7. 大小头adapter sub8. 循环三通T-pump-in sub9. 变径大小头(粗细扣大小头)crossover adapter10. 短钻杆drill pipe pup joint11. 十字四通连接管cross connector12. 丁字三通连接管tee connector13. 活动转向短节(固井、压井管线)Chiksan swivel joint14. 伸缩短节expansion joint15. 细扣管线堵头bull plug16. 细扣管线大小头line pipe swages17. (两半式带手柄的)水管线卡子hinglelok18. (两半式用两个螺栓固定的)水管线卡子rigidlite coupling19. 细扣管线接箍(双母)line pipe coupli ng二steel mercha nt coupl in g20 丝扣连接旁通(出口)threaded side outlet21. 螺栓连通旁通studded side outlet22. 母扣female threaded23. 盲板法兰blind flange24. 内径带丝扣的法兰companion flange25. 内径带密封圈的法兰packoff flange26. 变径法兰crossover flange27. 与法兰连接的方块四通studded cross28. 与法兰连接的方块三通studded tee29.与法兰连接的丝扣三通flanged by thread tee30. 单头可转短节(仅一头能转动的短节)single swivel coupling31. 单弯脖单头可转短节single swivel with one elbow32. 双弯脖单头可转短节single swivel with two elbows33. 双弯脖双头可转短节two swivels with two elbows34. 单弯脖双头可转短节two swivels with one elbow35. 三弯脖双转向短节two swivels with three elbows36. 三弯脖三转向短节three swivels with three elbows37. 双弯脖三转向短节three swivels with two elbows38. 方(块)铁直角弯脖block connector39. 90 度弯脖long radius connector40. 可变径弯接头knuckle joint41. 管线滤清器strainer四、地面与井下工具A.地面工具1. 砂轮片grinding wheels2. 手动钻具台肩修整器shoulder facing device3. 内六楞凹头螺栓allen head cap screws4. 六楞弯头扳手allen wrench5. 带限位台肩的接头stop sub6. 固定螺丝(限位螺丝)retainer screw7. 方瓦驱动方钻杆square drive8. 销子驱动方钻杆(滚子方补心带四个爪)pin drive9. 高强度滚子方补心heavy duty roller Kelly bushing10. 钻杆卡瓦rotary slips11. 钻铤卡瓦drill collar slips12. 导管卡瓦conductor pipe slips13. 套管卡瓦casing slips14. 铰链式套管卡瓦hinged casing spider15. 气动套管吊卡/ 卡瓦casing elevator/spider16. 安全卡瓦clamp17. 滚筒排绳槽lebus groove18. 装在井架大腿上的死绳固定器mast leg mount anchor19. 死绳固定器wireline anchor = deadline anchor20. 绷绳地锚deadman21. 离合器clutches22. 刹车片brakes23. 端面离合器刹车片disc brakes24. 快速放气阀quick release valves25. 转子密封器rotorseals26. (大直径管线)充气密封圈air-o-union27. (保险)放压阀pressure relief valve28. 钻井液防喷盒mud miser29. 鼠洞上扣钳和吊卡mousehole spinning wrench & elevator30. 销子驱动方补心pin drive Kelly bushing31. 方铁驱动方补心square drive Kelly bushing32. 高压胶管diver hose33. 滚筒刹带brake bands34. 刮泥器pipe wipers35. 高强度链钳heavy-duty chain36. 泵缸套imperial liner37. 中间带钢圈的活塞imperial piston38. 耐用活塞(中间无钢圈)extra-life bonded piston39. 中间有扶正器(孔)的阀体和阀座imperial valves and seats40. 带四个爪的阀体和阀座roughneck full open series valves and seats41. 刹带片brake blocks42. 泵空气包胶囊diaphragms for pulsation dampener43. 方钻杆下旋塞Kelly guard44. 小鼠洞上扣器rotating mousehole45. (钻台上用的)气葫芦air tugger46. 分体式游车大钩trunion supported hook47. 连体式游车大钩adapter supported hook48. 喷射式混合漏斗jet mixing system49. 单作用泵活塞single acting pump piston50. 双作用活塞泵double acting pump piston51. 手动油管卡瓦manual tubing spider52. 气动油管卡瓦air powered tubing spider53. 气动卡瓦slip spider54. 气动吊卡slip elevator55. 长体手动卡瓦extra long slips56. 多片式钻铤卡瓦multisegment drill collar slips57. 链钳chain tong58. (大管线)充气密封圈air-inflatable tight seal59. 快扣加固井架用保险带snap-on cable reinforced derrick belt60. 高台罐区用保险带platform and tank belt61. 放线工保险带lineman ' s belt62. 快扣弯连接二层台和井架保险带(宽腰有背带)snap-onandbuckle- oncombination monkey board and derrick belt63. (宽腰无背带)加固二层台保险带reinforced monkey board belt64. 弯接加固二层台保险带buckle-on cable reinforced derrick belt65. 高强度蛇皮接绳器heavy-duty grips66. 单股或双股编织接绳器single or double weave grip67. 三股编织接绳器triple weave grips68. 四股编织接绳器quad weave grips69. 单(双)接环蛇皮接绳器single (dual) eye grip70. 顶部开口单接环蛇皮接绳器single eye top opening grip71. 顶部开多口单环蛇皮接绳器topside multiple opening grip72. 接绳转向器directional boring swivels73. 指重表weight indicator74.压力表pressure gauge75. 电子转盘扭距表electric rotary torque76. 大钳扭距tong torque77. 泵冲数表SPM pump speed indicator78. 自动送钻automatic driller79. 二层台钻杆支梁finger board80. 刹车鼓brake rims81. 钻杆刮泥器(drillpipe) stripper rubber82. 接链器chain connector83. (大绳)排绳器wireline guide84.单头内六方扳手impact box end wrench85. 六楞方钻杆hexagonal Kelly86. (装在滚筒护罩上的)防碰天车阀short toggle valve87. 拧扣器make-up/break-out unitsB.井下工具1. 铆钉式可调螺旋扶正器undergauge adjustable stabilizer2. 钻头导向器bit pilot3. 整体式螺旋扶正器integral blade stabilizer4. 焊接式螺旋扶正器welded blade stabilizer5. 可变径扶正器variable gauge stabilizer6. 可更换的扶正器套stabilizer sleeves7. 换套扶正器心轴stabilizer mandrel8. 滚子扶正器roller reamer9. 单级牙轮扩大器(下边可接领眼钻头)single stage hole opener10. 六方减震器hex bumper sub11. 牙轮取心钻头roller core-barrel head12. 刮刀取心钻头blade core-barrel head13. 钻铤螺旋槽spiral groove14. 方钻铤square drill collar15. 光钻铤slick drill collar16. (钮扣式)碳化钨扶正器套sleeve with tungsten carbide buttons17. 镍合金扶正器套sleeve with nivalloy18. 滚子扶正器rotaryreamers19. (密封轴承)井眼扩大器sealed bearing hole openers20. 钻头喷嘴jet nozzle21. 无卡簧槽的喷嘴standard nozzle22. 有卡簧槽的喷嘴shrouded nozzle23. 磨鞋式螺旋扶正器watermelon mill24. 磨鞋式短螺旋扶正器string mill25. 螺旋加重钻杆spiral-wate drillpipe26. 扩大器U/R=underreamer五、钻井液药品与缩写符号1. 稀释剂(液体,约25kg1 桶)2. 抗高温流变性稳定剂3. 抗高温流变性稳定剂,属稀释剂,加重时用一点,不增稠,液体约200kg1桶4. 液体,润滑剂,约200kg1 桶5. 高温高压失水稳定剂(降失水),干粉,约25kg1 袋6. (有时只写作XCD或CD),生物聚合物,降失水,调流变性,提粘(钻井液稀—流变性低)7. 干粉堵漏剂(类似国内的随钻堵漏剂),成分:锯末、稻糠、植物种子8. 中号碎核桃壳(相当于麦粒大小)9. 细云母粉云母片10. 蚌壳渣11. (有时只写作PAC,干粉,相当于国内的CMC,有时在Drispac后加上R 或SL其意是:R—regular高粘,SL- superlow低粘,中文名:聚阴离子纤维素12 .滤液酚酞碱度13. 钻井液酚酞酸度14. 滤液甲基橙碱度15. 亚甲基蓝测定法(膨润土含量)16. 钻井液密度17. 每加仑磅18. 粘度19. 塑性粘度20. 秒21. 夸脱22. 厘米/秒23. 屈服点(流动点)24. 磅25. 英尺26. 静切力(胶凝强度)27. (氢离子浓度倒数的对数)28. 立方厘米立方容积29. 美国石油学会精确位置显示器30. 桶31. 钙32. 百万分率(百万分之几)33. 钻屑34. 磅/桶35. 尽可能低36. 失水37. 高温高压38. 聚阴离子纤维素衍生物六、打捞工具1. 平底牙轮磨鞋2. 带锯齿的铣鞋3. 铣锥4. 枣核形铣锥(两头带丝扣)5. 打捞颈6. 篮式卡瓦7. 螺旋弹簧式卡瓦8. 螺旋弹簧式卡瓦控制环9. 篮式带铣鞋卡瓦控制环10. 母铣锥11. 大头壁挂式坡口打捞引鞋12. 厚壁管制的壁钩13. 卡瓦打捞筒加长管14. 母锥15. 带坡口引子的母锥16. 打捞矛上的退出环17. 笔尖式引子18. (打捞筒内的)落物打捞爪19. 锯齿底引子20. 壁钩式坡口引子21. 四楞短锥体带喷嘴磨鞋22. 锥头引子23. 爪式引鞋24. 锯齿式引鞋25. 随钻打捞杯26. 刮刀式磨鞋27.28.。
井控名词解释

一、名词解释1、地层压力:是地下岩石孔隙内流体的压力,也称孔隙压力。
2、压力梯度:是指每增加单位垂直深度压力的变化量。
3、井底压力:地面和井内各种压力作用在井底的总合4、破裂压力:是指某一深度地层发生破碎和裂缝时所承受的压力。
5、井侵:当井底压力小于地层压力时,地层流体(油、气、水)进入井内的现象。
6、溢流:井侵发生后,井口返出的钻井液的量比泵入的钻井液的量多,停泵后井口钻井液自动外溢,这种现象称之为溢流。
7、井涌:严重的溢流使钻井液涌出井口(一般不超过转盘面)的现象称为井涌。
8、井喷:地层流体无控制的进入井内,是井内钻井液喷出井口,超出转盘面叫井喷。
9、井喷失控:井喷发生后,无法用常规的方法控制井口,出现敞喷的现象叫井喷失控。
10、软关井:发现溢流首先打开放喷阀(内3),然后再关防喷器、再关节流阀的关井方法。
11、硬关井:发现溢流直接关防喷器控制井口的关井方法。
12、压井:利用专用设备和技术,通过控制一定的地面压力,向井内注入一定密度的重钻井液,重新建立井内压力平衡的工艺过程。
13、平衡钻井:是指井底压力等于或大于地层压力情况下的钻井。
14、近平衡钻井:是指井底压力接近于或略大于地层压力情况下的钻井。
15、井控设备:实施油气井压力控制技术的一整套专用设备、仪表、工具。
16、防喷器最大工作压力:是指防喷器安装在井口投入工作时所能承受的最大工作压力,它是防喷器的强度指标。
17、FQK5的含义:封井器控制系统,气控液型,控制对象5个。
18、FQK—7的含义:封井器控制系统,气控液型、控制对象7个。
19、FKQ4005A的含义:封井器控制系统,气控液型、储能器公称总容积400升、控制对象5个、第一次改进。
20、JGS2—35的含义:节流管汇,两个手动节流阀,最大工作压力35MPa21、2FZ35—35的含义:钻井用双闸板防喷器,公称通径350mm,最大工作压力35MPa22、2FZ28—35的含义:钻井用双闸板防喷器,公称通径280mm,最大工作压力35MPa23、2FZ35—21的含义:钻井用双闸板防喷器,公称通径350mm,最大工作压力21MPa24、FH28—35的含义:环型防喷器,公称通径280mm,最大工作压力35MP25、FH28—70的含义:环型防喷器,公称通径280mm,最大工作压力70MP26、YG—35的含义:压井管汇,最大工作压力35Mpa。
钻井队井控知识

钻井队井控学问井控学问一、井控学问应知应会的主要内容1、一级井控:依靠井内液柱压力来平衡底层压力,使得没有地层流体侵入地层内,无溢流产生。
2、二级井控:井内压力失衡,需准时关闭井口防喷设备,用合理的压井液恢复井内压力平衡。
3、三级井控:发生井喷,失去掌握,使用肯定的技术和设备恢复对井喷的掌握,也是寻常所说的井喷抢险。
4、溢流:井口返出液量大于泵入液量或停泵后井液自动外溢的现象称为溢流。
5、井涌:井液涌出井口的现象。
6、井喷失控:无法用常规方法掌握井口而消灭井口敞喷的现象称为井喷失控。
7、抽吸压力:是指由于上提管柱而使井底压力减小的压力。
8、井控工作的“三早”内容是什么?早觉察、早关井、早处理。
9、基层队和班组对井控设备治理有何要求?有专人治理井控设备。
10、现场井控和防硫化氢工作要以什么为主?要以班组为主。
11、抽吸压力影响因素有哪些?起管速度、流体粘度、井深。
12、压井后井喷的预兆有哪些?1)进口排量小出口溢流量大,出口溢流中气泡增多。
2)压井液进口密度大,出口密度小,相对密度有下降的趋势。
3)出口喷势渐渐增大。
4)停泵后进口压力增高。
13、下管柱时的溢流显示有哪些?1)返出的修井液体积大于下入管柱的体积。
2)停顿下放时井口仍外溢修井液。
3)井口不返修井液,井内液面下降。
14、起管柱时的溢流显示有哪些?1)灌入井内的修井液体积小于起出管柱的体积。
2)停顿起管柱时,出口管外溢修井液。
3)修井液灌入不到井内或井口外溢修井液。
4〕修井液循环罐液面不削减或者上升。
15、磨铣、钻塞、洗井时的溢流显示有哪些?1)修井液出口流速增加。
2)修井液循环罐液面上升。
3)停泵后出口修井液外溢。
4)返出修井液发生变化。
16、起下管柱工序井控有哪些主要措施?1)起管柱过程中要保证井内液面高度,保持井筒常满状态,每起10-20 根管柱补注一次与井筒内液体始终的压井液,不能保持井筒常满状态的,保持井筒内液柱压力略大于地层压力。
井控应知应会(推荐5篇)

井控应知应会(推荐5篇)第一篇:井控应知应会井控应知应会1.井控:油气井压力控制的简称。
2.油气侵:井底压力大于地层压力时,岩屑中的流体(油、气、水)侵入钻井液的现象。
3.溢流:地层压力大于井底压力,地层流体向井内流动,停泵后,井口钻井液自动外溢的现象。
4.井涌:地层流体侵入井内,引起流体增加溢出井口的现象(未超过转盘面)。
5.井喷:地层流体喷过转盘面称为井喷。
6.井喷失控:井喷发生后,无法用常规方法控制井口而出项敞喷的现象。
7.进平衡压力钻井:在井底压力稍大于地层压力情况下,在保持最小井底压力情况下钻进的钻井方法。
8.石油天然气总公司对地层压力当量钻井液密度附加值的规定:油水井为0.05~0.10g/cm;气井为:0.07~0.15g/cm。
9.什么是赞成的曾压力?异常压力?异常低压?的曾有利梯度在0.0098~0.10486Mpa/m为正常地层压力,地层压力梯度大于0.010486 Mpa/m为异常高压。
压力梯度小于0.0098 Mpa/m为异常低压。
10.井喷多发生在哪种钻井作业中?为什么?起钻时一般每起出几柱钻具需灌一次泥浆?井喷多发生在起钻作业中,起钻时产生抽吸压力回使井底压力降低,起钻时不及时灌满钻井液也会使井底压力降低,故井喷多发生在起钻作业中,起钻时每起钻作业中,起钻时每起出2—3柱钻杆需灌一次泥浆,每起一柱钻铤需灌一次泥浆。
11.常规法压井主要有哪几种方法?各有什么特点?司钻法和工程师法,司钻法压井时间长,套压高,但排溢流及时,计算简单;工程师法压井时间短,套压低,但是需等待加重,计算复杂。
12.钻井液静也压力:井内钻井液柱重量产生的压力。
13.井底压力:地面和井内各种压力作用在井底的总压力。
14.井控的三个阶段:一级控井:以合理的钻井液密度,满足近平衡压力钻井的要求,防止发生溢流实现安全生产的井控工艺。
二级井控:指及早发现溢流,迅速实现对井口的控制,用压井工艺重建井内压力平衡的井控工艺。
井控常用英语词汇
Chapter 1 The Frequently Used-vocabularyIn Well Control井控常用词汇1.abnormal pressure 异常压力(normalpressure,正常压力 higher-than-expected/normal pressure,lower-than-normal pressureabnormally high pressureabnormally low pressure2.accumulator储能器3.accumulator bottle储能器瓶4.acid fracture酸裂5.adjustable choke可调节流阀6.annular blowout preventer (BOP)环型防喷器(ram BOP) bag BOP7.annular pressure/casing pressure环空压力(套压)(drillpipe pressure立压) pitgain8.annular space环空(annulus)9.annular velocity环空上返速度10.anticline 背斜11.atmospheric pressure 大气压(0.1Mpa)(1at)12.background gas背景气13.back off 倒扣/卸扣 make up14.back-pressure 回压 check/单向阀15.Back pressure valve回压凡尔16.non-return valve回压凡尔17.barite BaSO4重晶石18.barium sulfate BaSO419.barrel (bbl) gallon/加仑1m3=6.2897bbl20.bell nipple 钟型导向短节,(喇叭口)21.BHP (bottom hole pressure)22.bleed 放喷23.bleed line放喷管线24.blind ram 全封闸板pipe ram 半封闸板shear ram 剪切闸板25.blind ram preventer全封闸板防喷器26.blowout 井喷(kick 井涌)27.blowout preventer control panel防喷器控制面板 console28.blowout preventer control unit防喷器控制系统29.blowout sticking 井喷卡钻30.BOP stack防喷器组31.bottom hole pressure test井底压力测试/DST----drill stem test中途测试32.bottoms up 上返行程/lag time33.bottoms-up time上返时间lag time 迟到时间34.Boyle’s law 波依耳定律35.bridging materials桥堵材料36.bullheading 压回地层压井法37.cased hole 下入套管的井眼open hole section裸眼段38.casing套管 collar 钻铤39.casing burst pressure套管破裂压力40.casing point 套管下深41.casing pressure套压42.casing seat 套管座43.casing string 套管柱44.cement n.水泥45.cement plug水泥塞46.change ram 更换闸板47.charles’s law 查尔斯定律(V1/T1=V2/T2)48.check valve 单向阀49.choke 节流阀50.choke line节流管线51.choke manifold节流管汇/kill manifold52.circulate-and-weight method 循环加重法53.concurrentmethod/同步法54.circulating components循环系统55.circulating density循环密度 ECD56.circulating fluid=drillingfluid=mud/slurry57.circulating head 循环头58.circulating pressure循环压力59.circulation循环lost circulation 井漏60.clay hydration 粘土水化61.closed-in pressureshut-in pressure 关井压力62.concurrent method同步法63.condition v.处理,改善, 调整64.connate water 原生水65.connection gas 接单根气66.constant choke-pressure method 恒节流压力法67.constant pit-level method 恒泥浆池液面法pit gain 泥浆池增量68.crystallization 结晶地层69.degasser 除气器70.diverter 分流器71.diverter line分流器管线72.drag 旋转阻力73.driller’s BOP control panel 司钻控制台74.driller’s method 司钻法 wait-and-weightmethod 等待加重法/工程师法75.drilling break 钻速突快/放空76.drilling fluid=drilling mud 钻井液77.drilling rate 机械钻速ROP—rate of penetrationm/h drilling time—钻时 min/m78.drilling under pressure/under balancepressure drillingUBD欠平衡钻井drilling over pressure /过平衡near-balance pressure drilling/近平衡79.drill pipe float 钻杆浮阀80.drill pipe pressure 立压81.drill pipe pressure gauge立压表82.drill pipe safety valve钻杆安全阀Kelly cock83.drill stem 钻柱 drill string84.DST---drilling stem test /中途测试/unintentional kick/intentional kick85.drill under pressure v.86.ECD---equivalent circulating density 等效/当量循环密度87.entrained gas 气侵气gas-cut mud/气侵泥浆88.explosive fracture 爆破压裂89.fault 断层90.fill line 灌浆管线 fill-up line91.fill the hole v. 灌浆92.fill-up rate灌浆速度93.filter cake 滤饼94.filter loss 滤失量95.filter press 失水仪96.final circulating pressure /FCP终了循环压力/ICP---initial circulating pressure 97.flow check 溢流检测98.formation breakdown pressure 地层破裂压力/leak-off test99.formation competency test 地层承压能力测试100.formation fluid地层流体101.formation fracture gradient地层破裂压力梯度102.formation pressure地层压力103.formation strength地层强度104.fracture 裂缝105.fracture pressure破裂压力106.friction loss压耗107.gas气体108.gas buster=mud-gas separator泥浆-气体分离器 Poor boy109.gas-cut mud气侵泥浆110.gas cutting气侵111.gas detection analyzer气体检测仪112.geopressured shales地压页岩113.geostatic pressure地静压力114.geothermal gradient地温梯度115.guide shoe引鞋116.gunk plug油泥塞117.hang off118.hard shut-in硬关井119.soft shut-in软关井120.head 静压头121.hole geometry/hole size井眼尺寸122.hydraulic control pod液控箱123.hydril海德尔/124.hydrogen sulfide H2S125.hydrostatic pressure静液压力126.IADC International Association of Drilling Contractors IWCF--forum 127.ICP 初始循环压力initial circulating pressureFCP 终了循环压力final circulating pressure123. inside blowout preventer钻具内防喷器inside BOPinternal BOP128.interstitial water 原生水=connate water 129.invert-emulsion mud逆乳化泥浆oil-base mud130.Kelly cock 旋塞upper kelly cock上旋塞lower kelly cock下旋塞126. kick 井涌/overflow127. kick fluids井涌流体131.kick tolerance井涌允许量132.kill v.压井well-kill n.133.killing fluid压井液 MWI----mud weight increase = 102P d/H 134.kill line 压井管线135.kill rate 压井泵速136.kill-rate pressure压井泵压137.kill sheet压井施工单fill in 填写133. kill string 压井管柱leak-off test 漏失测试138.log 测井139.log a well v. 测井140.logging device测井仪141.loss of circulation 井漏142.lost circulation井漏143.lost circulation additives堵漏剂140 lost circulationmaterialsLCM堵漏材料141.lost circulationplug堵漏塞142.lost returns 井漏143.lubricate 润滑v.144. macaroni string145. matrix acidizing基岩酸化146.maximum allowable surface pressure MASP/MAASP=P f - P m最大允许关井套压 MACP 147.measured depth MD测深层TVD =true vertical depth垂深I.D 内径O.D外径148.Minerals Management Service 149. mud additive泥浆添加剂150.mud analysis logging泥浆录井151. mud column泥浆柱152. mud conditioning处理泥浆153. mud density recorder泥浆密度记录仪154. mud-flow indicator泥浆流速指示器mud-flow sensor155. mud-gas separator泥浆气体分离器156. mud gradient 泥浆压力梯度G m=0.00981ρm157. mud-level recorder泥浆液面记录仪158. mud log 泥浆日志159. mud logger 泥浆测量员160. mud pit 泥浆池161. mud program 泥浆配方162. mud pump 泥浆泵163. mud return line /ditch泥浆槽164. mud system 泥浆体系165. mud tank 泥浆罐166. mud weight 泥浆比重167. nipple up 安装防喷器nipple down拆防喷器168. normal circulation 正常循环169. normal formation pressure正常地层压力 0.00981----- 0.010496 Mpa/m170. OCS --- Outer Continental Shelf 外大陆架171. OCS orders外大陆架法规172. oil-base mud 油基泥浆173. oil- emulsion mud油基乳化泥浆174. open裸眼井,空井 open hole175. overburden pressure上覆岩层压力176. permeability 渗透性 impermeability 177. pipe ram preventer半封闸板防喷器178. pit gain 泥浆池增量179.pit-level indicator/recorder泥浆液面指示器180. pit-volume recorder 泥浆体积记录仪181.Pit Volume Totalizer(PVT)泥浆体积累计器182. plug 塞子183. plug back 回填v.184. plugging material 填井材料cement 185. positive choke节流negative differential pressure负压差186. pounds per cubic foot磅/英尺3187. pounds per gallon(ppg)磅/加仑 1g/cm3 = 8.33ppgfresh water /brine188. pounds per square inch gauge(psig) 磅/英寸2压力表189. pounds per square inch per foot psi/ft 磅/英寸2/英尺-----压力梯度单位190. pressure drop 压力降191. pressure gauge 压力表192. pressure gradient 压力梯度193. pressure-integrity test 压力完整性测试194. pressure loss压力损失195. preventer packer防喷器胶芯196. rate of penetration (ROP)机械钻速 m/hr 197. reduced circulating pressure(RCP)降低的循环压力 SCR—slow circulating rate 198. remote BOP control panel =drill’s BOP control panel防喷器遥控面板199. remote choke panel节流阀遥控面板200. returns 返出物201. reverse circulation 反循环202. reverse drilling break 钻速突慢203.rotating blowout preventer 旋转防喷器204.rotating head 旋转头205.safety valve 安全阀206.saturation point 饱和点207.set point =casing depth 套管下深208.setting depth 套管固深209.shale 页岩/泥页sand210.shallow gas 浅气层211.shear ram 剪切闸板212.shut in v.关井213.shut-in n. 关井214. shut-in bottomhole pressure(SIBHP) 215. shut-in casing pressure(SICP)关井套压SIDPP216. shut-in drill pipe pressure(SIDPP) 关井立压 occur a kick 发生井涌 a kick hasoccurred217. snub 不压井起下钻218. snubber不压井起下钻装置219. snubbing line不压井起下钻管线220. snubbing unit = snubber221. stack 防喷器组222. strip a well v. 强行起下钻223. stripper head 封井头224. stripper rubber 橡胶刮泥器225. stripping强行起下钻作业226. stripping in 强行下钻pull out of the hole 227. stripping out 强行起钻228. strip pipe强行起钻229. stump pressure test 抗冲击压力测试230. subsea BOP 海底防喷器231. subsea choke-line valve 海底节流管线阀232. surface stack 地面防喷器组233. surging 激动压力234. swab v. 抽汲 swabbing波动压力---- swab-surge235. swabbed show抽汲显示236. swabbing 抽汲效应237. swabbing effect 抽汲效应238. temperature gradient 温度梯度239. total depth (TD)总深 MD = measured depth240. transition zone 过渡带241. trip gas 起下钻气242. trip margin 起钻安全余量243. trip tank 灌浆罐244. true vertical pressure (TVD)垂深245. tubingless completion 无油管完井workover/修井 service rig246. underground blowout 地下井喷247. upper kelly cock 上旋塞248. wait-and-weight method 等待加重法(工程师法)249. water-base mud 水基泥浆250. water hammer 水击251. wellbore =well=hole 井眼252. wellbore pressure 井眼压力253. well control 井控254. well kick 井涌255. wetability 润湿性256. wild well 失控井/自喷井257. out of control well失控井Chapter 2 The Basic Concepts of Well Control井控的基本概念blowout1. 井喷的危害/The harms of1.1井喷失控的危害性/ The harms of out ofcontrol for blowoutThink of danger in time of peace居安思危1.2 国内几起典型的井喷事故/The typical blowout incident in our country2.井喷失控的原因/The causes of out of control for blowout3.对井控工作的正确认识/The correct view to well control4.做好井控工作的对策/The policy to implement well control operation5.井控及其相关的概念/well control andrelevant concepts5.1井控/well control /kick control/pressurecontrol-----井控是对油气井压力控制的简称/well control is control abbreviation tooil/gas well pressure.控制地层压力→实现近平衡压力钻井→保护油气层→提高采收率→延长油井使用寿命。
井控应知应会
井控应知应会1.井控:油气井压力控制的简称。
2.油气侵:井底压力大于地层压力时,岩屑中的流体(油、气、水)侵入钻井液的现象。
3.溢流:地层压力大于井底压力,地层流体向井内流动,停泵后,井口钻井液自动外溢的现象。
4.井涌:地层流体侵入井内,引起流体增加溢出井口的现象(未超过转盘面)。
5.井喷:地层流体喷过转盘面称为井喷。
6.井喷失控:井喷发生后,无法用常规方法控制井口而出项敞喷的现象。
7.进平衡压力钻井:在井底压力稍大于地层压力情况下,在保持最小井底压力情况下钻进的钻井方法。
8.石油天然气总公司对地层压力当量钻井液密度附加值的规定:油水井为0.05~0.10g/cm;气井为:0.07~0.15g/cm 。
9.什么是赞成的曾压力?异常压力?异常低压?的曾有利梯度在0.0098~0.10486Mpa/m为正常地层压力,地层压力梯度大于0.010486 Mpa/m为异常高压。
压力梯度小于0.0098 Mpa/m为异常低压。
10.井喷多发生在哪种钻井作业中?为什么?起钻时一般每起出几柱钻具需灌一次泥浆?井喷多发生在起钻作业中,起钻时产生抽吸压力回使井底压力降低,起钻时不及时灌满钻井液也会使井底压力降低,故井喷多发生在起钻作业中,起钻时每起钻作业中,起钻时每起出2—3柱钻杆需灌一次泥浆,每起一柱钻铤需灌一次泥浆。
11.常规法压井主要有哪几种方法?各有什么特点?司钻法和工程师法,司钻法压井时间长,套压高,但排溢流及时,计算简单;工程师法压井时间短,套压低,但是需等待加重,计算复杂。
12.钻井液静也压力:井内钻井液柱重量产生的压力。
13.井底压力:地面和井内各种压力作用在井底的总压力。
14.井控的三个阶段:一级控井:以合理的钻井液密度,满足近平衡压力钻井的要求,防止发生溢流实现安全生产的井控工艺。
二级井控:指及早发现溢流,迅速实现对井口的控制,用压井工艺重建井内压力平衡的井控工艺。
三级井空:指井喷失控后,重新恢复对井的控制。
井控基本知识
井控基本知识井控基本知识1.溢流:地层流体进入井筒内,使返出的钻井液量大于泵入量,停泵后井口自动外溢的现象。
2.井喷:地层流体无控制的涌入井筒,喷出地面的现象。
3.关井:发生溢流和井涌后,关闭封井器和节流管汇,阻止地层流体继续侵入井筒的过程。
4.压井:向失去压力平衡的井筒内,泵入高密度钻井液,以恢复和重建压力平衡的作业。
5.软关井:就是停泵后,先打开节流阀,再关封井器,然后关节流阀。
6.硬关井:停泵后,立即关封井器。
7.一次井控:利用钻井液柱压力来平衡地层压力。
8.二次井控:当一次井控无法维持时,恰当地使用防喷器来实现井控。
9.司钻压井法:也叫二次循环法,发现溢流关井求压以后,第一循环周用原来的钻井液用以排出井筒环空中侵污的钻井液,待重钻井液配好后,第二循环周泵入进内压井的方法。
10.简述假如井喷失控时要做那些工作?答:(1)停掉井场所有火源,停掉柴油机,停掉照明,根据情况采用远距离照明。
(2)必须对井场周围,2公里以内的居民住宅、学校、厂矿等火源进行勘查,立即通知上述单位人员消灭火种,必要是通知上述单位,要迅速撤离危险区。
11.巡回检查远控台时应检查的具体内容是什么?答:一个油量,油箱的油面要保持距油顶面200毫米,两个动力源:电源、气源正常。
三个开关:贮能器开关是否常开,气源开关是否常开和防喷器开关是否正确。
四个压力:贮能器压力21MPa,管汇压力10.5Mpa,多效能防喷压力9.5—10.5Mpa,总气源压力0.8±0.2Mpa。
12.井喷失火后常用的灭火方法有哪四种?答;(1)密集水流灭火法。
(2)快速灭火法。
(3)空中爆炸灭火法。
(4)钻定向井灭火法。
13.井下发生溢流的根本原因是井底压力底于地层压力。
14.发生井喷事故的根本原因是井下发生溢流并未及时阻止溢流的继续发生。
15.为了防止井喷事故的发生,对司钻的基本要求是及时发现溢流,及时正确关井。
16.提钻时的主要溢流显示是灌入井内的泥浆量小于提出钻具的体积。
石油出国人员必备英语第12章井控
choke manifold 节流管汇 poor boy degaser 油气水分离器 remote control 远控台 kill 压井 driller ’s method 司钻法 IBOP 内防喷器 check valve 单流阀 safety valve 安全阀 HCR 液动放喷阀 kelly cock 方钻杆旋塞 casing pressure 套管压力 standpipe pressure 立管压力 leak-off test 地破试验
调整接头
3. Install an inside preventer and open the safety valve.
安装内防喷器,打开安全阀。
4. Record casing pressure. 记录套管压力。
5. Check blowout preventer, stack, and manifold for leaks.
339.7 mm 101.18 kg/m 23,790 kP a 19,032 kP a
Formation Gradient 地层梯度 : 19.47 kP a/m
Casing Shoe Depth 套管鞋深度 :
Mud Weight 泥浆重量 (kg/m3 ) 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040
765
60
730
60
670
60
666
沙 -1 井地破试验 @745 m 在 745 米
DEPTH 井深 = 745 m
SPP 立管压力 = 730 psi, Mud Weight 泥浆重量 = 1280 kg/m3
LOT = 5.74499 = SPP(psi)/0.052 * Depth (m) * 3.28 * 8.33
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井控常用词汇1. abnormal pressure 异常压力(normal pressure,正常压力 higher-than-expected/normal pressure,lower-than-normal pressureabnormally high pressureabnormally low pressure2. accumulator储能器3. accumulator bottle储能器瓶4. acid fracture酸裂5. adjustable choke可调节流阀6. annular blowout preventer (BOP)环型防喷器(ram BOP)bag BOP7. annular pressure/casing pressure环空压力(套压)(drillpipepressure立压) pit gain8. annular space环空(annulus)9. annular velocity环空上返速度10. anticline 背斜11. atmospheric pressure 大气压(0.1Mpa)(1at)12. background gas背景气13. back off 倒扣/卸扣 make up14. back-pressure 回压 check/单向阀non-return valve回压凡尔15. barite BaSO4重晶石16. barium sulfate BaSO417. barrel (bbl) gallon/加仑1m3=6.2897bbl18. bell nipple 钟型导向短节,(喇叭口)19. BHP (bottom hole pressure)20. bleed 放喷21. bleed line放喷管线22. blind ram 全封闸板pipe ram 半封闸板shear ram 剪切闸板23. blind ram preventer全封闸板防喷器24. blowout 井喷(kick 井涌)25. blowout preventer control panel防喷器控制面板 console26. blowout preventer control unit防喷器控制系统27. blowout sticking 井喷卡钻28. BOP stack防喷器组29. bottom hole pressure test井底压力测试/DST----drill stem test中途测试30. bottoms up 上返行程/lag time31. bottoms-up time上返时间lag time 迟到时间32. Boyle’s law 波依耳定律33. bridging materials桥堵材料34. bullheading 压回地层压井法35. cased hole 下入套管的井眼open hole section裸眼段36. casing套管 collar 钻铤37. casing burst pressure套管破裂压力38. casing point 套管下深39. casing pressure套压40. casing seat 套管座41. casing string 套管柱42. cement n.水泥43. cement plug水泥塞44. change ram 更换闸板45. charles’s law 查尔斯定律(V1/T1=V2/T2)46. check valve 单向阀47. choke 节流阀48. choke line节流管线49. choke manifold节流管汇/kill manifold50. circulate-and-weight method 循环加重法51. concurrent method /同步法52. circulating components循环系统53. circulating density循环密度 ECD54. circulating fluid=drilling fluid=mud/slurry55. circulating head 循环头56. circulating pressure循环压力57. circulation循环lost circulation 井漏58. clay hydration 粘土水化59. closed-in pressureshut-in pressure 关井压力60. concurrent method同步法61. condition v.处理,改善, 调整62. connate water 原生水63. connection gas 接单根气64. constant choke-pressure method 恒节流压力法65. constant pit-level method 恒泥浆池液面法pit gain 泥浆池增量66. crystallization 结晶地层67. degasser 除气器68. diverter 分流器69. diverter line分流器管线70. drag 旋转阻力71. driller’s BOP co ntrol panel 司钻控制台72. driller’s method 司钻法 wait-and-weight method 等待加重法/工程师法73. drilling break 钻速突快/放空74. drilling fluid=drilling mud 钻井液75. drilling rate 机械钻速ROP—rate of penetrationm/h drilling time—钻时 min/m76. drilling under pressure/under balance pressure drilling UBD欠平衡钻井drilling over pressure /过平衡near-balance pressure drilling/近平衡77. drill pipe float 钻杆浮阀78. drill pipe pressure 立压79. drill pipe pressure gauge立压表80. drill pipe safety valve钻杆安全阀Kelly cock81. drill stem 钻柱 drill string82. DST---drilling stem test /中途测试/unintentionalkick/intentional kick83. drill under pressure v.84. ECD---equivalent circulating density 等效/当量循环密度85. entrained gas 气侵气gas-cut mud/气侵泥浆86. explosive fracture 爆破压裂87. fault 断层88. fill line 灌浆管线 fill-up line89. fill the hole v. 灌浆90. fill-up rate灌浆速度91. filter cake 滤饼92. filter loss 滤失量93. filter press 失水仪94. final circulating pressure /FCP终了循环压力/ICP---initialcirculating pressure95. flow check 溢流检测96. formation breakdown pressure 地层破裂压力/leak-off test97. formation competency test 地层承压能力测试98. formation fluid地层流体99. formation fracture gradient地层破裂压力梯度100. formation pressure地层压力101. formation strength地层强度102. fracture 裂缝103. fracture pressure破裂压力104. friction loss压耗105. gas气体106. gas buster=mud-gas separator泥浆-气体分离器 Poor boy107. gas-cut mud气侵泥浆108. gas cutting气侵109. gas detection analyzer气体检测仪110. geopressured shales地压页岩111. geostatic pressure地静压力112. geothermal gradient地温梯度113. guide shoe引鞋114. gunk plug油泥塞115. hang off116. hard shut-in硬关井117. soft shut-in软关井118. head 静压头119. hole geometry/hole size井眼尺寸120. hydraulic control pod液控箱121. hydril海德尔/122. hydrogen sulfide H2S123. hydrostatic pressure静液压力124. IADC International Association of Drilling Contractors IWCF--forum125. ICP 初始循环压力initial circulating pressureFCP 终了循环压力final circulating pressure123. inside blowout preventer钻具内防喷器inside BOPinternal BOP126. interstitial water 原生水=connate water127. invert-emulsion mud逆乳化泥浆oil-base mud128. Kelly cock 旋塞upper kelly cock上旋塞lower kelly cock下旋塞126. kick 井涌/overflow127. kick fluids井涌流体129. kick tolerance井涌允许量130. kill v. 压井well-kill n.131. killing fluid压井液 MWI----mud weight increase = 102P d/H132. kill line 压井管线133. kill rate 压井泵速134. kill-rate pressure压井泵压135. kill sheet压井施工单fill in 填写133. kill string 压井管柱leak-off test 漏失测试136. log 测井137. log a well v. 测井138. logging device测井仪139. loss of circulation 井漏140. lost circulation井漏141. lost circulation additives堵漏剂140 lost circulation materialsLCM堵漏材料141.lost circulation plug堵漏塞142.lost returns 井漏143.lubricate 润滑v.144. macaroni string145. matrix acidizing基岩酸化146.maximum allowable surface pressure MASP/MAASP=P f - P m最大允许关井套压 MACP147.measured depth MD测深层TVD =true vertical depth垂深I.D 内径O.D外径148.Minerals Management Service149. mud additive泥浆添加剂150.mud analysis logging泥浆录井151. mud column泥浆柱152. mud conditioning处理泥浆153. mud density recorder泥浆密度记录仪154. mud-flow indicator泥浆流速指示器mud-flow sensor155. mud-gas separator泥浆气体分离器156. mud gradient 泥浆压力梯度G m=0.00981ρm157. mud-level recorder泥浆液面记录仪158. mud log 泥浆日志159. mud logger 泥浆测量员160. mud pit 泥浆池161. mud program 泥浆配方162. mud pump 泥浆泵163. mud return line /ditch泥浆槽164. mud system 泥浆体系165. mud tank 泥浆罐166. mud weight 泥浆比重167. nipple up 安装防喷器nipple down拆防喷器168. normal circulation 正常循环169. normal formation pressure正常地层压力0.00981----- 0.010496 Mpa/m170. OCS --- Outer Continental Shelf 外大陆架171. OCS orders外大陆架法规172. oil-base mud 油基泥浆173. oil- emulsion mud油基乳化泥浆174. open裸眼井,空井 open hole175. overburden pressure上覆岩层压力176. permeability 渗透性 impermeability177. pipe ram preventer半封闸板防喷器178. pit gain 泥浆池增量179.pit-level indicator/recorder泥浆液面指示器180. pit-volume recorder 泥浆体积记录仪181.Pit Volume Totalizer(PVT)泥浆体积累计器182. plug 塞子183. plug back 回填v.184. plugging material 填井材料cement 185. positive choke节流negative differential pressure负压差186. pounds per cubic foot磅/英尺3187. pounds per gallon(ppg)磅/加仑 1g/cm3 = 8.33ppgfresh water /brine188. pounds per square inch gauge(psig) 磅/英寸2压力表189. pounds per square inch per foot psi/ft磅/英寸2/英尺-----压力梯度单位190. pressure drop 压力降191. pressure gauge 压力表192. pressure gradient 压力梯度193. pressure-integrity test 压力完整性测试194. pressure loss压力损失195. preventer packer防喷器胶芯196. rate of penetration (ROP)机械钻速 m/hr197. reduced circulating pressure(RCP)降低的循环压力 SCR—slow circulating rate198. remote BOP control panel =drill’s BOP control panel防喷器遥控面板199. remote choke panel节流阀遥控面板200. returns 返出物201. reverse circulation 反循环202. reverse drilling break 钻速突慢203.rotating blowout preventer 旋转防喷器204.rotating head 旋转头205.safety valve 安全阀206.saturation point 饱和点207.set point =casing depth 套管下深208.setting depth 套管固深209.shale 页岩/泥页sand210.shallow gas 浅气层211.shear ram 剪切闸板212.shut in v.关井213.shut-in n. 关井214. shut-in bottomhole pressure(SIBHP)215. shut-in casing pressure(SICP)关井套压SIDPP216. shut-in drill pipe pressure(SIDPP) 关井立压 occur a kick 发生井涌 a kick has occurred217. snub 不压井起下钻218. snubber不压井起下钻装置219. snubbing line不压井起下钻管线220. snubbing unit = snubber221. stack 防喷器组222. strip a well v. 强行起下钻223. stripper head 封井头224. stripper rubber 橡胶刮泥器225. stripping强行起下钻作业226. stripping in 强行下钻pull out of the hole227. stripping out 强行起钻228. strip pipe强行起钻229. stump pressure test 抗冲击压力测试230. subsea BOP 海底防喷器231. subsea choke-line valve 海底节流管线阀232. surface stack 地面防喷器组233. surging 激动压力234. swab v. 抽汲 swabbing波动压力---- swab-surge235. swabbed show抽汲显示236. swabbing 抽汲效应237. swabbing effect 抽汲效应238. temperature gradient 温度梯度239. total depth (TD)总深 MD = measured depth240. transition zone 过渡带241. trip gas 起下钻气242. trip margin 起钻安全余量243. trip tank 灌浆罐244. true vertical pressure (TVD)垂深245. tubingless completion 无油管完井workover/修井 service rig 246. underground blowout 地下井喷247. upper kelly cock 上旋塞248. wait-and-weight method 等待加重法(工程师法)249. water-base mud 水基泥浆250. water hammer 水击251. wellbore =well=hole 井眼252. wellbore pressure 井眼压力253. well control 井控254. well kick 井涌255. wetability 润湿性256. wild well 失控井/自喷井257. out of control well失控井。