高中英语五种句型

英语中简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子从语法结构来分三类：
①简单句(simple sentence)There being no buses, I had to walk home.
②并列句(compound sentence) There were no buses, so I had to walk home.
③复合句(complex sentence)As there were no buses, I had to walk home.end.
英语中的句式结构必须符合以下要求：
①句子，+ 句子（错）
②短语（非谓语结构），+ 句子（对）
③句子，+ 连词+ 句子（对）
④从句，+ 主句（对）
句式一、主系表结构：
主语+ 系动词+ 表语
一、系动词的分类：
1、表示状态的：
①状态be
②感官look, sound, smell, taste, feel
③表像seem, appear
④持续sit, stand, lie, keep, remain, continue, stay, hold
2、表示变化和结果的：
①变化become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run,fall, draw ②终止prove,turn out
结构二、主谓结构：
主语+ 不及物动词
1、常用的不及物动词有：arrive, come, go, rush, last, live, walk, talk, run, appear, disappear, fall, die, happen, rise, arise, succeed, fail, give out, come about, take place, break out
2、有的感觉是不及物动词的词也会出现带宾语的情况：
He ran a shop when he was in college.
The old man walks a dog every morning.
We talked him into going abroad for further study.
The girl survived the accident.
3、下列短语中动词所带的宾语叫同源宾语：
live a happy life die a heroic death sleep a sound sleep swing a swing
dream a sweet dream lie a white lie fight a fierce fight laugh a merry laugh
smile a happy smile sing a beautiful song slide a slide
结构三、主谓宾结构：
主语+ 单宾动词+ 宾语
1、带单宾语的及物动词很多，一般的动词都能带宾语，常用的有：accept, admire, afford, announce, borrow, celebrate, discover, forget, love, raise, supply, devote, defend, cover, enjoy
2、英语中常用的使役动词，也就是表示“使某人或使某物怎样”的动词，中学阶段涉及到大约50个动词。

①表示使某人或某物怎样的动词：
absorb(使全神贯注), adapt (使适应)，expose(使曝光), complicate (使复杂)，concern (使关心），distinguish(使显著)，seat(使就坐), dress（使穿衣），
calm (使安静),
impress(使感动),
refresh(使恢复精力)
relax(使放松),
remind(使记起),
wind(使弯曲),
settle (使安顿),
benefit(使收益),
raise (使升高),
mix (使混合),
marry(使成婚),
focus（使聚集）
lose (使失去)
②表示“令人感到”的情感动词，往往是人做宾语或者用被动的形式：
embarrass (使尴尬), astonish/ surprise/shock/amaze(使吃惊), frighten /scare /terrify (使害怕), delight/ please/ excite(使高兴、激动), annoy/upset(使烦恼、不安), interest (使感兴趣), puzzle (使感动困惑), discourage (使泄气), encourage/inspire (使受鼓舞), tire (使劳累), worry (使着急), disgust(使厌恶), disappoint (使失望), move/ touch(使感动), satisfy(使满意), disturb (使打搅),exhaust(使疲倦), thrill(使紧张)
结构四、主谓双宾结构：
主语+ 双宾动词+ 间接宾语（人）+ 直接宾语（物）
双宾动词就是跟双宾语的动词。

双宾语分表示“人”和“物”的两种，表示“人”的是间接宾语，表示“物”的是直接宾语。

常用的双宾动词有：give, offer, tell, spare, bring, take, fetch, hand, pass, pay, serve, promise, return, sell, buy, choose, find, get, send, lend, owe, throw, order, book, cook, do, cause, sing, teach, read, write, cost, set, play, build, pour, deliver, post, wish, forbid, award, mail等。

结构五、主谓复合宾语结构：
主语+ 复合宾语动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语
一、英语中的复合宾语动词就是跟宾语加宾语补足语的动词。

复合宾语分为10种情况，分别是：
①名词②形容词③to be + 形容词/名词④it + 名词/ 形容词+真正宾语⑤to do
⑥动词原形⑦–ing形式⑧–ed形式⑨介词短语⑩副词
二、英语中宾语和宾补的关系就是主语和表语的关系。

(表语又叫主语的补语)
I find the girl very beautiful.
= The girl is very beautiful.
或者是宾语和宾补的关系就是主语和谓语的关系。

I saw the girl coming home.
= The girl came home. (主动关系)
They heard the boy punished.
= The boy was punished. (被动关系)
三、带复合宾语的动词分类：
①最常用的复合宾语动词：think, find, believe, suppose, consider, expect, imagine,
②宾补只能是名词的动词：call, name, elect, choose, appoint
③宾补是形容词和名词都可以的：consider, find, keep, make, wish 等。