简单句的五种基本结构
简单句5种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型英语是一种结构型的语言,以谓语动词为核心构成各种句型。
下表是简单句的五[(1)Speakaloudsothateveryonecanfollowyou.() (2)BesidesJapanese,hecanalsospeakSpanish.() (3)Hisfatherusedtoworkhardtomakemuchmoney.() (4)Iintendedtolietohim,butfailed.()(5)Unfortunately,Ifailedthedrivingtest.()2.在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。
(1)Idon’tagree_____youcompletely.Ihavemyownopinion. (2)ThedictionaryisnotTom’s.Itbelongs _____me.(3)Useyourhead,andyouwillthink_____somewaystosolvetheproblem. +宾语(S+Vt.+O)(S +LV +P)“保持或状态”类的有等;等。
我是高中生,他是初中生。
四年后,汤姆成了一名医生。
这故事听起来既有趣,又有教育意义。
(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短形容词作表语)) )介词短语作表语)表语从句作表语) 过去分词作表语)(现在分词短语作表语)(3)使用系动词应注意的地方:第一,没有被动语态;第二,一般没有进行时(除了feel 以外);第三,有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。
如:keep,grow,taste,feel,get,smell 等。
第四,非谓语一般用现在分词(这一点仅作了解,高中阶段将涉及。
)例如:Aftertwo-day’streatment,hefeltwellagain.(不用wasfelt) Heremainsanexcellentengineerinthefactory.(不用isremained)比较:We grew sometreesaroundourschoolandthey grow greennow.(grew 是及物动词,意思是________;而grow 是系动词,意思是________) Thepetdog keeps clean.Itis kept byJohnson.(keeps 是________动词,意思是________;而kept 是________动词,意思是________)JustnowI felt thetableandit felt smooth.(摸”;而第二个是________动词,意思是[练习]e)engineer.(2)Putthemeatintherefrigerator(冰箱ce.(7)Pleasekeep__________(安静句型四:主谓双宾结构=主语+及物动词+DO)[讲解](1物为直接宾语。
简单句句子结构

简单句的基本句型简单句是英语中的基本句子,了解和掌握这五种基本句型对学好英语极为重要。
这六种基本句型是:1.主语+谓语结构:常用来表示主语的动作。
常与表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。
如:They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。
2.主语+系动词+表语(主系表结构)本结构是由"主语+系动词+表语"组成,主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
此句型中常见的系动词:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。
(1)主语+系动词+形容词(作表语)如:It feels good to be home.在家的感觉真好。
(2)主语+系动词+名词(作表语)如:He is a student. 他是个学生。
(3)主语+系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词(作表语)如:He is near. 他在附近。
3. 主语+谓语+宾语(主谓宾结构)此结构其中的谓语动词须是及物动词(短语),宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
(1)主语+及物动词+名词或代词(作宾语)如:May I use your computer ? 我能用一下你的电脑吗?(2)主语+及物动词+动名词(作宾语)。
此类及物动词(短语)有:advise, consider, avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off, give up,等。
如:You shouldn’t giv e up studying. 你不该放弃学习。
(3)主语+及物动词+不定式(作宾语)。
此类及物动词有:afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn, offer, plan, refuse等。
简单句五大基本句型结构

简单句五大基本句型结构
句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成,依据其组合方式可分为五种基本句型:
1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)
该句型所用动词都是不及物动词,其后不能接宾语
The new term begins.
The children are playing under the tree.
2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
She likes learning English very much.
I know this place.
3.主语+系动词+表语
The boy is very lovely.
That sounds interesting.
4.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
在双宾语结构中,事物是直接宾语,人是间接宾语。
直接宾语表示动作的承受者、动作的对象或结果,绝大多数的及物动词后都跟有直接宾语;间接宾语表示动作时为谁做的或对谁做的。
She promised me a nice gift.
Could you pass me the book on the desk?
My father bought me a nice dress.
5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
有些及物动词只接一个宾语不能表达完整的意思,还需要加上一个宾语补足语,使意思完整。
这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。
I’m going to paint it pink.
I find it very difficult to learn English.
You must keep your hands behind your back.。
简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型简单句是英语中的基本句子,了解和掌握这五种基本句型对学好英语极为重要。
这五种基本句型是:1.主语+不及物动词(主谓结构)本结构是由主语加不及物动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。
此句型中不及物动词的常用法:(1)一般表达型。
此类不及物动词常与表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。
如:They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。
(2)主动形式表示被动含义型。
此类动词常见的有:read, sell, wash, write, clean 等。
如:The theatre tickets sold well. 戏票很畅销。
This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很容易洗。
2.主语+系动词+表语(主系表结构)本结构是由"主语+系动词+表语"组成,主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
此句型中常见的系动词:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。
(1)主语+系动词+形容词(作表语)如:That argument sounds reasonable. 那个论据听起来有道理。
It feels good to be home.在家的感觉真好。
(2)主语+系动词+名词(作表语)如:Later he became a scientist. 他后来成为一个科学家。
He is a student. 他是个学生。
(3)主语+系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词(作表语)如:He is near. 他在附近。
This is of importance. 这很重要。
You’re not looking yourself today. 今天你看上去气色不太好。
3. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾结构)此结构是由"主语+谓语+宾语"构成。
简单句的五种基本结构

简单句的五种基本结构简单句的五种基本结构众所周知,英语在进⾏交流时离不开句⼦,⽤句⼦表达时离不开⼀定的规则:有了⼀定的规则,我们才能学到规范的英语,才能讲出地道的英语;有了规范化的语句,才能产⽣新的句⼦;只有规则系统化、规范化,才有助于语⾔知识的吸收、掌握和信息的分析、理解。
所以,学好初中所学过的简单句的五种基本结构,对于提⾼⾃⼰的听、说、读、写、译能⼒⾄关重要。
⼀、简单句常见的五种基本结构1.主+谓2.主+系+表3.主+谓+宾4.主+谓+间宾+直宾5.主+谓+宾+宾补⼆、对于各个基本结构,初中要求掌握的知识有:1.主+谓例如:I went to school at 7:00.主谓状这⼀结构中的动词为不及物动词,其后没有宾语。
2.主+系+表例如:The food smells delicious.主系表 1)常见的连系动词:a.be;b.look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem等;(要⽤主动表被动)c.become,get,turn,grow,fall等;d.keep,stay等。
2)只能作表语的形容词:alone,asleep, afraid,alive,ill等。
3)look与seem的区别a.look是“貌似”之意,指凭视觉作出判断;b.seem是“似乎”“好像”之意,表⽰根据⼀定线索对某事物作出判断;c.look like不能换为seem like;d.seem可接不定式,且可转换为It seems/seemed that.。
结构,⽽look不能。
3.主+谓+宾例如:He hopes to fly to the moon.主谓宾1)只能⽤不定式作宾语的常见动词: want,hope,wish,would like,decide,agree,ask, can't wait等;2)只能⽤动名词作宾语的常见动词: mind,enjoy,keep,finish,can't help等;3)既能⽤不定式⼜能⽤动名词作宾语,且有区别的常见动词:a.remember to do.。
简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本类型一、一个完整的简单句由“主语部分+谓语部分”构成The man is a teacher.主语部分谓语部分He works hard.主语部分谓语部分He teaches English well.主语部分谓语部分●连系动词be (am is are was were) / seem / keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become / turn / get / grow 变得●主要动词行为动词不及物动词laugh / smlie / look / listen及物动词see / hear / drank / eat助动词be (am / is /are / was / were)do / does / didhave / has / had辅助动词will / shall / be going to情态动词can / may / must / shall / needcould / should / would / mighthave (has) to / had better●表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。
由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。
和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说: 连系动词后面的才是表语!eg.He is a boy. She is a girl. They are students. They are good.He looks / seems ill.The apple tastes nice.Trees turn green.Your idea sounds good.●什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢⑴、及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drank / eat / …I saw him last week.We heard the bad news yesterday.They eat bread every day.He drank a glass of milk just now.⑵、不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / …She smiled happily.They laughed loudly.(3)、如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:She look at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.They laughed at us after the match.及物动词例句:She teaches us.She teaches EnglishShe teaches us EnglishShe told me a storyHe gave me a present二、主谓双宾结构主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语可以用于这种句式的动词主要有(A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / doHe bought me a new bike.也可以改为for sb. 的句式He bought a new bike for me.(B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / handShe lent me a book.也可以改为to sb. 的句式She lent a book to me.三、主谓宾宾补结构主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语He told me to clean my room.I saw her dancingOur teacher asks us to read English every day.可以用于这种句式的动词主要有let / make sb. do sth.ask / tell / want / allow / wish . sb. to do sth.expect / encourage / invite / teachfind / see / hear / watch / notice / feel ①sb. do sth.②sb. doing sthhelp sb. (to) do sthhope和welcome 比较特殊--我们可以说:I hope to visit your school.I hope that you can visit our school.I wish you to visit our school.Welcome to visit our school.You are welcome to visit our school.Welcome to our school.但不可以说:I hope / welcome you to visit our school原来也蛮简单的哦!我来分析一下这些句子中所包含的成分[1]主系表型She is a very good girl .(主语) (连系动词) (表语)The girl is very good.(主语) (连系动词) (表语)[2] 主谓型①、主谓式: They ‖laughed.(主语) (谓语动词)The kites ‖fly in the sky.(主语) (谓语动词)②主谓宾式: I ‖bought a new bike.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语)He ‖plays volleyball.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语)[3]主谓宾宾式:She ‖told me a story.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语He ‖gave me a good book.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语)[4]主谓宾宾补式He ‖asked me to help him.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语)He ‖made me happy. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语)。
简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型一、句子分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
①简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成,其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。
②并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子。
并列连词有:and,but, or, so等。
③复合句是由主句+从句构成.由从属连词连接,如because, if, when, while, until, after, before, as soon as等。
分为名词性从句,形容词性从句(即定语从句),副词性从句(即状语从句)三大类。
其中最著名的是宾语从句,定语从句和状语从句。
二、简单句的五个基本句式:①主谓②主谓宾③主谓双宾④主谓宾补⑤主系表主语: 句子说明的人或事物.谓语:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
表语:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
宾语:1。
动作的承受者——动宾。
2. 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-—介宾.补语:宾补,对宾语的补充。
主补,对主语的补充.判断下列句子是那种结构:1. He is swimming.2。
It made him angry。
3. The little boy is asking the teacher questions.4. She is young。
5。
My mom bought me a beautiful gift.6. He kept his eyes closed.7。
He told us an exciting story.8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clean。
9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room。
10.Can you push the window open?11. He seemed tired。
1.主谓 2。
主谓宾补 3。
主谓双宾 4。
主系表 5。
主谓双宾 6。
主谓宾补 7。
简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。
简单句有五种基本句型结构:★主语+谓语(S+V)谓语是不及物动词,其后可加副词、介词短语等。
例如:They sat together quietly. 他们静静地坐在一起。
The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。
★主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)谓语是及物动词,宾语通常是名词、代词、动词不定式、V-ing形式等。
例如:He doesn’t like the movie. 他不喜欢这部电影。
Do you know them, Li Ming? 李明,你认识他们吗?★主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, turn, get等,表语通常是形容词、名词、代词等。
例如:Your new watch looks very nice. 你的新手表看起来很漂亮。
That sounds a good idea. 听起来是个好主意。
★主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+InO+DO)某些动词后的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语,如:give, lend, pass, show, send等;某些动词后的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语,如:buy, choose, cook, make, sing等。
例如:Can you pass me the book? = Can you pass the book to me? 你能把书递给我吗?She sang us an English song. = She sang an English song for us. 她为我们唱了一首英语歌。
★主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)这类谓语动词主要有find, keep, feel, wish, think, name, call, ask, advise, teach, want, notice 等。
简单句的五种基本句型及句子成分
简单句的五种基本句型及句子成分一简单句的五种基本句型(1)主语+系动词+表语主系表结构Frank is clever/an architect.(2) 主语+不及物动词主谓结构My head aches.(3) 主语+及物动词+宾语主谓宾结构My sister enjoyed the play.(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主谓宾(双宾语)结构He gave Sam a watch. (5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补主谓宾结构They made Sam chairman/monitor.二系动词不及物动词及物动词(1) 系动词:be动词(在进行时或被动语态中除外)一些意思为变得的动词(turn become get go 等)感官动词(feel look smell taste notice sound等)总结:(2)不及物动词:后面不能跟宾语的动词。
总结:(3)及物动词:后面能跟宾语的动词。
注:三句子成分主语:任何句子都表明人或物做了什么动作或处于某种状态,其中的人或物为主语。
宾语:动词或介词后面不可缺少的名词或代词或其他名词性成分。
表语:系动词后面的成分。
定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。
状语:在句子里面表示动作发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,方式,比较,让步,伴随,方式的成分。
补语:补充说明主语或宾语的成分。
(make let have get/ consider find call name/感官动词等) 同位语:解释说明名词或代词的成分。
四练习(1)认识简单句的基本句型。
(是主谓(宾)还是主系表)1.He works hard . 6.The baby is crying.2.To see is to believe. 7.The mouse was eaten by a cat.3.She felt happy at the party. 8.We found the film interesting.4.I teach the second grade. 9.They made me happy.5.He showed me the way to the post. 10.Electricity can make a machine run.(2标明下列句子的成分。
英语简单句的五种基本类型
在SV结构中,谓语动词通常是不及物动词。 eg:Iron rusts. Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. Prices are going down. The children are sleeping.
3、主--动--宾(SVO)结构 、 动 宾 )
英语的五种基本类型
1、主--动--补(SVC)结构 、 动 补 )
在SVC结构中,谓语动词通常是联系动词。 eg:The car is mine. She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer. These flowers smell fragnant. All the tourists seemed pleased.
在SVO结构中,谓语动词通常是及物动词。 eg:I want a return ticket. Nobody could answer the question. The plane is losing altitude. The is building up speed.
4、主--动--宾--宾(SVoO)结构 、 动 宾 宾 )
在此结构中,及物动词须跟两个宾语(间 接宾语和直接宾语) eg:I sent him a telegram. Mary lent me her car. Someone left you this note. I made myself a cup of tea.
5、主--动--宾--补(SVOC)结 、 动 宾 补 ) 构
在SVOC结构中,及物动词之后须跟宾语和 宾语补语。 eg:We made him our spokesman. They made him president. They painted the walls creamy white. The directors appointed him sales manager.
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简单句的五种基本结构众所周知,英语在进行交流时离不开句子,用句子表达时离不开一定的规则:有了一定的规则,我们才能学到规范的英语,才能讲出地道的英语;有了规范化的语句,才能产生新的句子;只有规则系统化、规范化,才有助于语言知识的吸收、掌握和信息的分析、理解。
所以,学好初中所学过的简单句的五种基本结构,对于提高自己的听、说、读、写、译能力至关重要。
一、简单句常见的五种基本结构1.主+谓2.主+系+表3.主+谓+宾4.主+谓+间宾+直宾5.主+谓+宾+宾补二、对于各个基本结构,初中要求掌握的知识有:1.主+谓例如:I went to school at 7:00.主谓状这一结构中的动词为不及物动词,其后没有宾语。
2.主+系+表例如:The food smells delicious.主系表 1)常见的连系动词:a.be;b.look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem等;(要用主动表被动)c.become,get,turn,grow,fall等;d.keep,stay等。
2)只能作表语的形容词:alone,asleep, afraid,alive,ill等。
3)look与seem的区别a.look是“貌似”之意,指凭视觉作出判断;b.seem是“似乎”“好像”之意,表示根据一定线索对某事物作出判断;c.look like不能换为seem like;d.seem可接不定式,且可转换为It seems/seemed that.。
结构,而look不能。
3.主+谓+宾例如:He hopes to fly to the moon.主谓宾1)只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词: want,hope,wish,would like,decide,agree,ask, can't wait等;2)只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词: mind,enjoy,keep,finish,can't help等;3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语,且有区别的常见动词:a.remember to do.。
记住要做……(还未做) remember doing.。
记得做了……(已做过)b.forget to do.。
忘了做……(还未做) forget doing.。
忘了做过……(已做过)c.stop to do.。
停下来去做…… stop doing.。
停止做……d.go on to do.。
接下来去做…… go on doing.。
继续做……e.try to do.。
尽力做…… try doing.。
试着做……(看有无结果)f. mean to do 。
打算做…… mean doing。
意味着……g. lean to do。
学着做…… learn doing。
学会了做……4)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语,且无区别的常见动词:begin,start,like,love, hate等。
4.主+谓+间宾+直宾例如:He gave me a pen.主谓间宾直宾1)这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后,但间宾前需加介词to(对象)或for(目的);例如:They lent the bike to the boy.主谓直宾间宾2)需在间宾前加to的常见动词有:give,show,send,bring,pass,lend,tell,teach 等;3)需在间宾前加for的常见动词有:make,buy,do,cook,sing,find等;4)最好用主+谓+直宾+间宾结构的情况:a.当直接宾语是人称代词时:例如:I'll send it to you.直宾间宾b.当直宾比间宾短时:例如:We'll sing some songs for the friend from a foreign country.直宾间宾5.主+谓+宾+宾补例如:The boy wished his father to buy a bike for him.主谓宾宾补1)带to的不定式作宾补;例如:She asked me to call him again.很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补。
初中教材常见的这类动词有:ask,tell,want,wish, would like,like,hate等。
注:hope后不能接复合宾语。
2)不带to的不定式作宾补;例如:We often hear the girl sing the song.能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let,feel,notice,help,make,have,listen to,hear,see,watch,look at, observe.注:①如果这种结构变为被动语态,不定式就必然带to.② help后的不定式可以带to也可不带 to.3)分词作宾补;例如:He heard somebody knocking on the window.现在分词作宾补表示主动,且动作正在进行,过去分词作宾补表示被动,或动作已完成,也可以表示请别人做某事。
能带分词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词:see,hear,notice, watch,feel 及find,get,have(这三个动词为使役动词)等。
注:在感官动词后,既可用现在分词构成复合宾语,也可用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语。
现在分词表示动作正在发生,即处于发生的过程中,还没有结束,如例a;用不定式表示动作已发生了,即动作的全部过程已结束,如例b.如:a.He saw a girl getting on the bus.(意为上车的动作正在进行。
)b.He saw a girl get on the bus.(意为女孩上车的动作已经结束了。
)4)名词作宾补;例如:We must keep it a secret.这类复合宾语只有在有限的一些动词后使用,常见的动词有:name,call,make,elect, think,find,leave等。
5)形容词作宾补。
例如:You should keep the room clean.常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有: make,keep,find,want,wish,like,see,think,believe,leave等。
注:4),5)类复合宾语中有时宾语不是一个名词或代词,而是一个从句、不定式或动名词,这时通常要用一个it来代替它(即形式宾语),则把从句、不定式或动名词放到句子后部去。
例如:① They found it strange that no one would take the money.②You will feel it a great pleasure talking to her.三、巩固练习:同义句转换1.It seems that he will give us a talk tomorrow.He ____ ____ be giving us a talk tomorrow.2.I thought I hadn't covered the basket.I had ____ ____ the basket.3.If the rain stops,we'll have a picnic.If it ____ ____ ,we'll have a picnic.4.The teacher was listened to by them singing a song.They listened ____ the teacher ____ a song.5.I'll ask somebody to cut my hair.I'll ____ my hair ____ .仿写练习1. 你赢了。
2. 他失败了。
3. 很多小朋友在哭。
4. 会议已经开始了。
5. 我明天回来。
6. 我昨天5点在学习。
7. 他一整天都在学习。
强化训练时态填空1. My car (break) down this morning.2. Many changes (take place) in these two years.3. Maybe he (give up) in the end.4. The girl (get) up at 6:00 every day.5. They (dance) on the playground now.6. It (rain) heavily outside at that moment yesterday.否定句对于动词的否定有两种:有助动词have/has/had, will或情态动词或be后面加not;没有助动词的情况下则要在实义动词前加助动词do/does/did的相应形式,然后再加not。
1.He comes. →He doesn’t come.I get up at six. →I don’t get up at six.They work in the morning.→They don’t work in the morning.2.He left. →He didn’t l eave.They left. →They didn’t leave.3.He is working .→He isn’t working.I am working. →I am not working.They are working. →They are not working.4.He was working. →He wasn’t working.They were working .→They were not working.5.He has been to Greece before. →He hasn’t been to Greece before.或He has never been to Greece before.They have been to Greece before. →They haven’t been to Greece before.或They have never been to Greece before.6.He had left. →He hadn’t left.They had left. →They hadn’t lef t.7.He will come. →He will not come.They will come. →They will not come.仿写练习将下列句子改为否定句1. He is studying in the classroom.2. Tom went to Guangzhou last weekend.3. The sun was shining just now.4. She lives in Beijing.5. I am going abroad next year.6. They have waited for the bus in the street for an hour.II. 完成句子1. 他来这接女儿。