新概念第一册学习笔记

Lesson 117 Tommy's breakfast 汤米的早餐New Words and expressions 生词和短语

dinning room(hall) 饭厅

coin n. 硬币

mouth n. 嘴

swallow v. 吞下

later adv. 后来

toilet n. 厕所，盥洗室dinning room 饭厅，餐室（家中的）

dinning 餐厅，餐厨用品

dinning table 餐桌

dinning car 餐车

coin n. 硬币

a silver coin 银币

toss a coin 抛硬币(打赌正面和反面)

eg. Could you change the one-dollar bill for coins?

我用1美元纸钞和你换硬币好吗？

Pay a person bake in his own coin.

以其人之道还治其人之身．

mouth n. 嘴

eg. Open your mouth.

张开你的嘴．

-Don’t talk with your mouth full!

-嘴里塞满食物时不要说话!

Shut your mouth!

(口语)闭嘴

It sounds funny in your mouth.

这种话由你的口中说出来,听起来就很可笑。by word of mouth 口头上

from hand to mouth 勉强糊口

from mouth to mouth 口口相传

have a big mouth 大嘴巴，嘴不严swallow

1) v. 吞…, 咽…

eg. He swallowed (up) the medicine with water.

他把药和水一起吞下

1) n. 一口（一口的量）

take a swallow of beer 喝一口啤酒

at one swallow 一饮而尽

★swallow v. 吞下

①v. 吞下，咽下

Tommy had swallowed the coins.

汤米已经吞下了那硬币．

②v. 抑制，使不流露

I tried hard to swallow my doubts.

我强忍着不露出怀疑的神色。

She swallowed a smile and sat there still.

她忍住没笑，静静地坐在那里。

③v. 吞并；侵吞

Our company was swallowed up by an American company last year.

我们公司去年被一家美国公司吞并了。

Nazi Germany nearly swallowed up the whole Europe in World War II.

第二次世界大战中，纳粹德国几乎吞并了整个欧洲。later

1) adv. 后来，较迟地，较后地

three days later 三天后

eg. He came later than usual.

他比平常来得晚。

see you later. 回头见

sooner or later 早晚，总有一天

2）adj. 较迟的，较后的，更近的。

in one’s later life 在某人的晚年

eg. Let’s take a later train.

我们搭晚一点的火车吧。

toilet n. 厕所，盥洗室

bathroom/washroom 家庭用的

restroom/lavatory 公用的

pulic conveniences 委婉用语（英）

comfort station 委婉用语（美）

water closet(WC) 委婉用语（欧）

toilet paper 卫生纸

toilet roll （整卷的）卫生纸

toilet soap 香皂

toilet water 花露水，化妆水

Grammar 用法

过去进行时

一、构成

肯定式：was/ were + 现在分词

疑问句式：把was/ were提前

否定句式：在was/ were的后面加not

二、过去进行时的基本用法

1．表示过去某一时间正进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间通常用时间状语，时间状语从句或由上下文来表示。

eg. They were shaving at seven this morning.

今晨七点钟的时候他们正在刮胡子。

She was telephoning a friend when I came in.

当我进来时，她在给一个朋友打电话。

2. 表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。

eg. They were waiting for you yesterday.

他们昨天在等你。

She was writing a story last year.

她去年在写一部小说。

3．表示从过去某一个时间的角度看将要发生的动作，用于某些瞬间动作；go, come, leave, stay, fly 等。

eg. They were leaving a few days later.

几天后他们要离开。(从过去看)

They are leaving in a few days.

几天后他们要离开。(从现在看)

He told me that his brother was going to Suzhou.

他告诉我他的哥哥要到苏州去。

4）与always 等副词连用，表示感情色彩。

eg. My brother was always losing his keys.

我的哥哥总是把他的钥匙弄丢。

As a boy, John was always making things.

还是孩子的时候，约翰总是制作东西。

三．过去进行时和一般过去时用法的比较

1. 过去进行时通常有示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情

景；而一般过去时则只表示在过去某一时间发生某一件事。eg. He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.

(过去某一时间发生的事情，昨天下午画了一副画)

He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.

(昨天下午这一段时间所进行的动作是画画，强调这一过程中所进行的动作)

2）过去进行时可以表示过去反复做的动作，而一般过去时表示具体的某一次行为动作。

eg. The frog was jumping up and down.

这青蛙在不停地跳着．

The frog jumped up and down.

这青蛙跳了一下．

He was nodding.

他不停地点头。

He nodded.

他点了点头。

3. leave, arrive, start, die 等用在过去进行时表示“快要完成，即将…”。而用在一般过去时当中则表示“己经完成”。eg. The train was stopping.

火车快要停了。

The train stopped.

火车停了。

Text: 课文

When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.There were coins everywhere. We looked for them, but we could not find them all.While we were having breakfast, our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor.He put them both into his mouth. We both tried to get the coins, but it was too late. Tommy had already swallowed them!

Late that morning, when I was doing the housework, My husband phoned me from the office.'How's Tommy?' he asked. 'I don't know,' I answered, 'Tommy's been to the toilet three times this morning, but I haven't had any change yet!'

课文讲解：

When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.

今天早晨我丈夫走进饭厅时，把一些硬币掉在地上了．1．此句是过去进行时，结构是was/ were+ doing 表示过去某个时刻正在进行或发生的动作。

2. go into 走进，强调“进入”的动作，反义词go out of 走出…

3. drop 掉下

eg. Be careful! Don’t drop the vase.

小心，别把花瓶摔了。

drop 还可以表示丢失，丢掉

eg. I dropped my pen on the way home.

回家的路上，我把等弄丢了。

There were coins everywhere. We looked for them, but we could not find them all.

到处都是硬币，我们虽然找了，但没能把它们全部找到．

1）everywhere 到处

eg. I looked for my pen everywhere, but I couldn’t find it.

我找遍了任何地方都找不到我的钢笔。

2. look for 寻找（强调动作和过程）

find 找到（强调寻找的结果）

eg. She was looking for her passport yesterday.

Did she find it?

Yes, She found it under the chair.

3. but we could not find them all.

find 强调找的结果。

all 是them的同位语。

4. could 是can的过去式。

While we were having breakfast, our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor.

正当我们吃早饭时，我们的小孩汤米在地上找到了两枚

小硬币．

1. while“当…时”，过去进行时的时间状语从句一般由when, while及as等引导，说明主句中动作发生的情景。while或at the same time强调同时进行的两种或几种动作。eg. When I was doing my homework, my father came home from work.

While she was cleaning the room, her husband telephoned her.

As the children were playing in the garden, it began to rain.

2. Tommy是boy的同位语。

He put them both into his mouth. We both tried to get the coins. But it was too late. Tommy had already swallowed them!

他把这两枚硬币全部放进了嘴里，我们俩都试图把这两枚硬币拿出来，但太迟了，汤米已经把硬币咽了下去！

1) put sth +介词短语把…东西放在…

put them both into his mouth 把两枚硬币都放进了他的嘴里

2. both表示“两个都…”

eg. They both want to go to France.

他们俩都想去法国。(三者或三者以上用all)

3. put them both into his mouth

both 是them的同位语

4）we both tried to get the coins

both是we的同位语

tried to do 是指尽力做某事

get the coin= get the coin out of his mouth

5. Tommy had already swallowed them!

句中用过去完成时，过去完成时用来表示两个过去的动作中，发生在前面的那个动作。显然，句中“咽下硬币“的动作发生在夫妇俩能够把硬币从汤米的嘴取出来之前。

Later that morning, When I was doing the housework, my husband phoned me from the coffee.

那天上午的晚些时候，当我正做家务时，我丈夫从办公室给我打电话．

1. later that morning 那天上午晚些时候

2. when I was doing the housework…--是过去进行时态，表示过去正在进行的动作。

3. my husband phoned me from the office--是一般过去时,表示比较短暂的动作或事情。

‘How’s Tommy?’he asked. ‘I don’t know,’I answered, ‘Tommy’s been to the toilet three times this morning, but I haven’t had any change yet!’

“汤米怎么样？＂他问，＂我不知道＂我回答说，＂今天上午汤米去了三次厕所了，但我还没看到硬币！＂

1) ‘How’s Tommy?’He asked. (直接引语)

He asked how Tommy was. (间接引语)

2) “I don’t know,”I answered. (直接引语)

I said that I didn’t know. (间接引语)

has/ have been to 去过….(现在不在那了)

three times 三次

基数词（3或3以上）+times 表示次数

once 一次

twice 两次

-- haven’t had any change yet. 还没有看到硬币

--change 在此处指硬币

--yet 用在否定句中表示“还“

小结：

一、语法：过去进行时was/were doing

概念:

1、在过去某个特定的时间正在进行或发生的动作。

2、当过去的一个动作发生的时候另外一个动作正在进行。结构：

主语+ was（were）+ doing

S+ wasnt（weren’t) +Ving

Was（Were）+S +Ving?

I was reading a book at 7 o’clock yesterday.

I wasn’t reading a book at 7 o’clock yesterday.

Were you reading a book at 7 o’clock yesterday?

What were you doing at 7 o’clock yesterday?

连接时间状语从句的词：when 当……的时候；while 当……的时候（强调两个动作的同时进行）

when和while大多数情况下可互换，当强调两个动作的同时进行和发生，只能用while。

just as 正当……

时间状语从句主句放后面时用连接词连接，时间状语从句放前面时，要用逗号隔开。

I was reading a book while my wife was working in the garden at two o’clock yesterday afternoon.

While my wife was working in the garden at two o’clock yesterday afternoon, I was reading a book.

二、短语：

go into 走进

drop some coins on the floor 把一些硬币掉在地板

上了

find some coins on the floor 在地板上找到一些硬

币

put sth +介词短语把….东西放在…

try to do 尽力做

swallow sth 吞….

later that morning 那个早晨晚些时候do the housework 做家务

have/ has been to 去过…地方

when 引导的时间状语从语强调的是，当….我正在做…

When he arrived I was having a bath.

他到达时我正在洗澡．

while引导的时间状语从语强调主从动作同时发生While I was cooking the dinner, he was working in the garden.

当我正在做饭时，他正在花园中工作．

Lesson 118 What were you doing? 你那时正在做

什么？

New Words and expressions 生词和短语

ring v. 响

★ring v. 打电话；按铃

①v. 鸣响；发出清脆的响声

Yesterday morning, my alarm clock didn’t ring at 7

o’clock as usual.

When I was opening the from door, the telephone rang.

②v. 打电话；按铃

You said you were going to ring me last night, but you didn’t.

Somebody is ringing the doorbell.

Exercise A

Exemple:

He arrived

I had a bath.

He arrived when I having a bath.

1. He knocked at the door.

I answered the phone.

He knocked at the door when I was answering the phone.

2. He came downstairs.

I had breakfast.

He came downstairs when I was havig breakfast.

3. The phone rang.

I washed the dishes.

The phone rang when I was washing the dishes.

4. The boss arried.

She typed a letter.

The boss arried when she was typing a letter.

1.The train left.

I bought the tickets.

The train left when I was buying the tickets.

2.It rained heavily.

I drove to London.

It rained heavily when I was driving London.

Exercise B

Exemple:

What were you doing when he arrived?(have a bath) When he arrived Iwas having a bath.

1. What were you doing when he arrived?(cook a meal)

When he arrived Iwas cooking a meal.

2. What were you doing when he arrived?(wash the dishes)

When he arrived Iwas washing the dishes.

1.What were you doing when he arrived?(work in the

garden)

When he arrived I was working in the garden.

4. What were you doing when he arrived?(type letters)

When he arrived I was typing letters.

5. What were you doing when he arrived?(shave)

When he arrived I was shaving.

6. What were you doing when he arrived?(boil the milk)

When he arrived I was boiling the milk.

7. What were you doing when he arrived?(phone my sister)

When he arrived I was phoneing my sister.

8. What were you doing when he arrived?(dust the bedroom)

When he arrived I was dusting the bedroom.

Exercise C

Exemple:

What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner( work in the garden)

While I was cooking the dinner, he was working in the garden.

1. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner(have a wash)

While I was cooking the dinner, he was having a wash.

2. What was he doing while you were cooking the

dinner(watch television)

While I was cooking the dinner, he was watching television.

2.What was he doing while you were cooking the

dinner(clean his shoes)

While I was cooking the dinner, he was cleaning his shoes.

4. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner( listen to the radio)

While I was cooking the dinner, he was listening to the radio.

5. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner( sit in the dinning room)

While I was cooking the dinner, he was sitting in the dining room.

6. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner(read the paper)

While I was cooking the dinner, he was reading the paper.

7. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner?(drive home from work)

While I was cooking the dinner, he was draving home

from work.

Lesson 119 A true story 一个真实的故事

New Words and expressions 生词和短语

story n. 故事

happen v. 发生

thief n. 贼

enter v. 进入

dark adj. 黑暗的

torch n. 手电筒

voice n. （说话的）声音

parrot n. 鹦鹉

story n.

1) 故事

a detective story 侦探小说

2）（关于某事的）陈述，说法

eg. Her story is hard to believer.

她的说法很难令人相信

It’s another story.

那是另一回事。/那是题外话了。

the same old story 老一套，陈腔滥调

3）（口语）谎话，说谎者（主要用于小孩之间）

eg. Don’t tell stories.

不要撒谎。

Oh, you story!

哦，你这说谎的家伙．

as the story goes 据说，据传，据闻，正如故事中所说to make a long story short/to cut a long story short 长话短说，简言之

happen v.

1) 发生

eg. How did it happen?

那是怎么发生的？

What happened next?

然后怎么了？

happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上

eg. She hoped nothing bad would happen to him.

她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。

2) 碰巧

eg. I happened to see him on the street.

我碰巧在街上见到他。

I happened to be there when the fire started.

火灾发生时我碰巧在那儿。

It (so) happens + that…. 碰巧…

eg. It so happened that the famous actor was her brother.

那个有名的演员碰巧是她的哥哥。

＝The famous actor happened to be her brother.

thief n. 贼

eg. A thief stole all my money.

小偷偷走了我的全部钱财

thieves 是thief的复数形式

enter v.

1) 进入

eg. She entered the room quietly.

她悄悄地进入屋中。

2）加入…，参加

eg. He entered university at the age of 21.

他21岁上了大学。

at the age of …. 在….岁的时候

3）把（名字）登记（在…）

eg. I entered my name for the exam.

我登记参加了这次考试．

dark

1) adj. 黑暗的

a dark street 黑暗的街道

eg. It was a dark night.