初三英语-并列句和复合句
中考英语语法专项复习— 并列句和复合句

中考英语语法专项复习—并列句和复合句一、并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫作并列句。
常见分类:1.表示同等、平行或承接关系,常用连词and,both. . . and,not only. . . but also. . .,neither. . . nor. . .,as well as等。
2.表示转折关系,常用连词but,yet(然而), however(然而), while(而)等。
3.表示选择关系,常见连词or,not. . . but(不是……而是……), either. . . or. . . (要么……要么……)等。
4.表示因果关系,常见连词because, as, for(因为), so等。
二、复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫作复合句。
从句需由关联词引导。
初中英语教材主要涉及的复合句有状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。
考点一:状语从句状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用,修饰主句中的谓语、形容词或副词。
状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。
根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为:时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。
状语从句的注意事项:1.条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的时态2.时间状语从句中not. . . until. . . (直到……才……)与before/ after引导的从句的转换。
I went to bed after I finished my homework.=I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.直到做完作业我才去睡觉。
3.结果状语从句中的特殊句式考点二:宾语从句(一)、定义在主从复合句中作宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。
(二)、宾语从句的四个考点【温馨提示】当主句谓语动词为think,suppose,guess, believe等词,主语为第一人称,从句表达否定意义时,形式上应否定主句。
中考并列句、复合句

表选择关系的并列句
or, or else, otherwise, either…or…, not…but… 用来连接表选择关系的并列句 You may say it in English, or in Chinese.
表因果关系的并列句
for, so , therefore用于连接表因果关系的并列句
(三)用if不用whether的情况:
1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时: He asked me if I hadn’t finish my homework. 2.引导条件状语从句,if意为“如果” 时: We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
四、宾语从句转化为简单句
D we have ever 3. This is the biggest lab _____ built in our school .
A. which B. what C. where D. / A 4. Is Oxygen (氧气)the only gas _____ helps fire burn? A.that B. / C. which D. it B parents are dead is called an 5.A child _____ orphan( 孤儿). A. who B. whose C. who’s D. which
3.当主句的谓语动词是order, require等时,如果主句和从句的 主语 不一致,宾语从句可转化为 “名词(代词)+不定式”结构:
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
并列句复合句讲解

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and, not only. . . but also. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , as well as等。 语
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2. 表示转折关系,常用连词but, yet(然而), however(然
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中考英语语法专项复习:简单句、并列句和复合句

中考英语语法专项复习:简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
复合句中包含宾语从句、状语从句或定语从句等。
◆一简单句简单句就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子,其句式结构主要有五种:①主 + 谓。
He works in a big company. 他在一家大公司工作。
②主 + 系 + 表。
She is a kind girl. 她是一个善良的女孩。
③主 + 谓 + 宾。
Ann eats junk food twice a week .安一周吃两次垃圾食品。
④主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾。
He gave me a pen .他给我一支钢笔。
⑤主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补。
He kept me waiting for two hours .他让我等了两小时。
◆二并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。
并列句中的各简单句同等重要,没有从属关系,是并列的关系,之间用并列连词连接。
1. 表示顺承的并列连词有and / not only …but (also)等。
如:She not only gaveus a lot of advice, butalso helped us to overcome difficulties .他不仅给了我们很多建议,而且还帮助我们克服困难。
2. 表示选择的并列连词有or,either …or …等。
如:Either you or Maria will haveto go .你或玛丽亚得去一趟。
3. 表示转折的并列连词有but,yet,however 等。
如:It is hot in summer here , butit’s not cold in winter .这里夏天热,但冬天不冷。
4. 表示因果关系的并列连词有so,如:He works hard , so he is one of the topstudents in our class .因为他学习努力,所以他是我们班最优秀的学生之一。
中考 并列句和复合句总结

中考并列句和复合句总结一并列句:由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。
1. 并列句的基本句型:简单句+ 并列连词+ 简单句2. 并列句的类型:1) 并列关系(联合关系)。
连接词:and, not only…but (also), neither…nor等例句:I help him and he helps me.我帮助他,他也帮助我。
Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her.我们不仅给她写信而且还给她发了电报。
Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for advice.我不想与他商量,他也不会征求我的意见。
2) 转折关系。
连接词:but, yet, still, while, however, when等例句:He failed many times, but he didn’t despair.他失败多次但并没有气馁。
She has difficulty in learning English, however, she works hard and is making rapid progress. 她学习英语有困难,然后她学习努力,进步很快。
3) 选择关系。
连接词:or, otherwise or else, either…or例句:We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train.我们必须快点,否则会赶不上火车。
Either you come to my place or I go to yours.或者你到我这儿来,或者我到你那去。
4) 因果关系。
连接词:for, so, thus, therefore, and so例句:We had better stay at home, for it was raining.我们最好呆在家里,因为天正在下雨。
中考专题复习--并列句、复合句和连词

中考专题复习-----并列句,复合句和连词[考点分析]1 并列句的构成,常见的并列连词和从属连词2 复合句中状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句的分类、引导词及其用法[内容讲解]一并列句:用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句。
1. 构成:简单句+ 并列连词+ 简单句2. 常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有:and,but,or,so,for。
⑴表顺延、并列关系的连词有:and, both…and, as well as, not only…but also, neither…nor 等:例句:He can speak not only English but also French.He bought me a present, and I like it very much.Work hard and you can pass the exam. = If you work hard, you can pass the exam.Think it over, and you’ll find the answer. =If you think it over, you’ll find the answer.★and连接的并列句前半部分是祈使句,后半部分是将来时的陈述句时,其含义相当于由if 引导的条件状语从句。
⑵表转折关系的连词:but, yet, while, howeverHe is rich but he is not happy.Lucy likes red while lily likes white.⑶表选择关系的连词:either…or, or否则,或者,或:Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.⑷表因果关系的连词: so所以,因此,于是; because, for, as:Kate was ill so she didn’t go to school.I have to stay up late, for I have a lot of work to do.⑸其他的并列连词:then,when:I like English then I do my homework.二复合句1 状语从句:(详见状语从句专题讲座)①如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),则宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定:❝I remember he gave me a book yesterday.❝He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.②如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),则宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时):❝He told me that he would take part in the high jump.❝He asked me if I had taken his soap.★但宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态:❝He told me that the earth is round.❝He said that Yao Ming is much taller than him.⑵宾语从句的语序用陈述句的语序What’s Kate’s e-mail address? Do you know? =Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is?⑶宾语从句的连接词①当宾语从句是陈述句时,用that引导:“She was a good girl,” the teacher told us. =The teacher told us (that”) she was a good girl.★that用于下列情况时不可省略:1)当宾语从句的主语是that时:He says that that is a useful book.2)当从句前有插入语时:It says, on the card, that it is made in China.3)当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时:I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must par for it.4)当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中的that可以省略外,其余从句中的that都不可以省略:He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.⑶否定转移当主句主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式:❝I don’t think he will come with you.⑷宾语从句的简化①宾语从句的主从句主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose 等时,从句可简化为不定式结构:I hope that I can receive your e-mail. =I hope to receive your e-mail.②宾语从句的主从句主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+ 不定式”结构:She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.③当主句谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等,且宾语从句的主语和句子的间接宾语一致时,从句可简化为“疑问词+ 不定式”结构:Will you please show me how I can work it out? =Will you please show me how to work it out?④动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型要适当变化。
中考英语专题并列句与复合从句知识梳理

专题并列句与三大复合句【思维导图】考查频次:并列句★★★★状语从句★★★★★宾语从句★★★★★定语从句★★★★★用法精讲一、并列句与状语从句(一)并列连词及并列句定义:由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫作并列句。
句式结构为:(二)状语从句定义:状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。
类型:初中要求掌握的有以下六种:2).易错点:1. 一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,即是:“主将从现”。
常见连词:as soon as; when; until ;if ; unlessI will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。
2. 让步状语从句中,although;though;even though ;even if 不能与but 连用;原因状语从句中,because不能与so 连用。
3. 结果状语从句中,so….. that 中so 后接形容词或副词;such…..that 中such 后接名词或名词短语;但当名词前出现“many,much,little,few”“多多少少”时,只能用so。
4. 时间状语从句中,while后的从句只能用延续性动词,when 后的从句可以用短暂性动词也可以用延续性动词。
5.从句:通常“连词+ 句子”单句短文填空1. Make up your mind, you will miss the valuable chance.Give me a chance,________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.2. My mother wants to decorate our rooms in a modem look_______my father prefers a traditional style.3. It was time for her to have a new baby, _______it was also time for the young panda to independent.4. He is a shy man,_________he is not afraid of anything or anyone.5. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _________plants can spread to new places.课后巩固练习单项选择()1. it was late, she still turned on the TV and enjoyed the programs.A.BecauseB.ThoughC.SinceD.When()2. We left late, we didn’t catch the train.A.soB.becauseC.butD.though()3.The boy is clever, , he often makes mistakes because he’s careless.A.andB.howeverC.thoughD.but()4. it was raining heavily, he came on time.A.Though;butB.Though;/C.But;thoughD.But;/()5. I went into the classroom, the students were talking about the film.A.WhileB.AfterC.WhenD.If()6. I was very thirsty, I asked for some water to drink.A.thanB.forC.soD.as()7.I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read magazines I test him myself.A.ifB.whenC.afterD.until()8.They will begin their work they get there.A.ifB.untilC.as soon asD.before()9.I don’t know if he . When he ,give my best wishes to him.A.will come;will comeB.will come;comesB. es;comes es;will come()10. the students their teacher watches the football match on TV. They like football so much.A.Not only; but alsoB.Both; andC.Either; norD.Neither; or ()11. you your brother can join us. We want one of you.A.Both;andB.Neither;norC.Either;orD.Not only;but also()12.I speak slowly you can understand me.A.soB.so thatC.asD.since()13.Be careful, you’ll fall into the river.A.orB.butC.forD.of()14.He is a lovely boy we all like to play with him.A.so;thatB.too;toC.such;thatD.much;that()15.we won’t go to play football this afternoon the rain stops.A.afterB.ifC.unlessD.when()16.He keeps on trying there is little hope.A.butB.even thoughC.becauseD.so()17.The party didn’t start all the guests arrived.A.whenB.whileC.afterD.until()18.I hate pop music very much, but my father my mother likes it.A.both;andB.either;orC.neither;norD.not only;but also()19.You should make a good plan you do anything important.A.beforeB.afterC.thoughD.until二、宾语从句与定语从句(一)宾语从句定义:用一个完整的句子做宾语,叫做宾语从句。
英语语法复习并列句和复合句

1.表示联合关系 常用and,neither...nor,not only...but(also)等连词。如: There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down. 后半夜来了一场暴风雨,大雨倾盆而下。 Pip is not only a character;he also tells the story of Great Expectations. 皮普不仅是一个小说人物,他还讲述《远大前程》的故事。
Seize the chance,otherwise you will regret it. 要抓住机会,否则你会后悔的。 Neither does he smoke,nor does he drink. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
3.表示转折关系 多用连词but,yet,while,whereas连接两个分句,前后两 个分句在语意上为转折关系。如: I have failed,yet I shall try again. 我失败了,但我还要尝试。 He must be over sixty,whereas his wife looks about thirty. 他一定有60多岁了,而他妻子看起来大约30岁。
5.表示条件或结果 常 用 and , or 等 连 词 。 在 这 类 并 列 句 中 , and 意 为 “ ( 只 要)……就”,or意为“否则”。如: Simply raise your hand,and a taxi appears in no time. 只要你招招手,出租车就会立刻过来。
Not only does he sing well,but also he dances well.
√ 5.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.____
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并列句和复合句1. 熟练掌握宾语从句的构成和基本用法。
2. 掌握并列句的构成和用法。
3. 掌握状语从句的构成和用法。
4. 理解定语从句的构成和基本用法。
一、知识精讲Ⅰ. 并列句用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。
(一)并列句的构成其结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
(二)常用的并列连词1. 常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有:and,but,or,so,for。
词意用法and 和;并且表示顺延或并列,如果两个分句都是肯定语气,用and连接。
or 否则;或者表示选择,如果两个分句的语气为一个肯定,一个否定,则应用or连接。
but 但是表示转折,but与though / although不能同时用在一个句子中。
so 所以;因此表示结果,由so连接的并列句可转换成because引导的主从复合句,两者不能同时用在一个句子中表示“因为……所以……”。
for 因为表示原因,是对另一个分句的补充说明,但不能放在句子的开头。
2. 其他并列连词有:then,while,when,not only...but also..., neither...nor, either...or, as well as等。
Ⅱ. 复合句复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。
主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构,主句是全句的主体,从句是主句中的一部分,不能独立存在。
根据从句在全句中的不同作用,从句可分为:宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
在这里重点讲解宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。
(一)宾语从句1. 宾语从句的引导词引导词用法例句that本身无意义(口语中可省去) 当宾语从句是陈述句时I really believe (that) Tom will help us.我确实相信汤姆会帮助我们。
if/ whether...(or not) 是否当宾语从句是一般疑问句时I’m not sure if I’ll have time.我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。
what, who,where, how, when, why, which, whose, whom等当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时Please tell me when you were born.请告诉我你是何时出生的。
I’d like to know what you want best.我想知道你最想要什么东西。
注意:whether和if引导宾语从句时,一般情况下可以互换,但在下列情况下须用whether,不能用if。
(1)具有选择意义,有or或or not时。
【例句】We really don’t know whether the news is true or not.我们真的不知道这消息是否是真的。
(2)在介词后接宾语从句或不定式时。
【例句】We are talking about whether we’ll go back to our hometown.我们正在讨论是否回老家去。
(3)作discuss等词的宾语时。
【例句】We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论了是否应该把店关掉。
2. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句无论是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,一律用陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语”结构。
句尾标点符号取决于主句。
【例句】Are you a student? He asks... →He asks if you are a student.他问你是否是学生。
Where does he work?Do you know?→Do you know where he works?你知道他在哪工作吗?3. 宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态一致。
主句时态从句时态例句一般现在时根据实际情况而定I hear that he went to Beihai Park yesterday. 我听说他昨天去北海公园了。
一般过去时过去的某种时态He said his father would take him to Shanghai. 他说他爸爸将带他去上海。
一般过去时或其它时态客观事实或真理只用一般现在时表示My father told me that the sun rises in the east.爸爸告诉我太阳从东方升起。
状元典例1Do you know _____?A. when will he be backB. when he will be backC. where did he goD. where will he go答案:B思路分析:本题考查的是宾语从句。
宾语从句主要从语序、时态、引导词三方面来考查。
本题考查了语序,根据从句用陈述语序的要求,只有B正确,故选择B。
状元典例2Do you know ______ Guangzhou tomorrow?A. whether they leave forB. whether will they leave forC. whether they are leaving for答案:C思路分析:本题考查的是宾语从句。
此题考查的是语序和时态。
由时间状语“tomorrow”可判断用一般将来时,但B不是陈述句语序,C用现在进行时表示将来,故选择C。
(二)状语从句1. 时间状语从句(1)时态:当主句是一般将来时或祈使句或含有将来的意义时,由when,as soon as,till/until,before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时。
【例句】As soon as he returns home, I’ll let you know.他一回到家,我就告诉你。
(2)引导词:由when,while,as,since,after,before,until/till,as soon as等连词引导。
①when,while与aswhen while as不同点主、从句的动作可以是同时发生,也可以是先后发生强调在某一时间内主、从句中谓语动词所表示的动作在同一时间里发生强调主、从句的动作同时发生从句中的谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词意思均为“当……时”【例句】Father was waiting for me when I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家时,爸爸正在等我。
While we were having a meeting, my sister came in to ask for me.正当我们开会时,我妹妹进来找我。
She sang happily as she walked along the lake. 她一边沿着湖边走,一边欢快地唱着歌。
②till与untiluntil till共同点意思为“直到……才”,均可用于“...until/till...”句型。
主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句和从句都用肯定形式,当主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时,主句须用否定结构。
不同点可用于句型“Not until…”不可用于句型“Not until…”正式用语,可放在句首非正式用语,不可放在句首【例句】I didn’t go to bed until/till he came back at 11 o’clock last night.昨晚直到他11点回来我才睡觉。
Please wait here until I come back.请在这等我,直到我回来。
③since引导的从句,表示“自……以来”,从句中的谓语动词表示动作的起点,要用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词表示延续性动作,通常情况下使用现在完成时。
在句型“It is/has been...since+从句”中,从句用一般过去时,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。
【例句】It is ten years since she joined the army.她参军已有十年了。
状元典例My father _______TV in the living room when I ______ home yesterday.A. watched; gotB. was watching; gotC. watched; was gettingD. was watching; was getting答案:B思路分析:本题考查的是时间状语从句的时态。
根据句意“昨天当我到家的时候,爸爸正在看电视。
”when引导的从句中的got为瞬间动词,不能用进行时,所以排除C、D。
主句是延续性状态,表示正在做的事情,应用过去进行时,故选择B。
2. 条件状语从句条件状语从句由if(如果),as long as(只要),unless(除非)等引导。
如果主句为祈使句、一般将来时或含有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时。
【例句】If it snows tomorrow, we will have a day or two off.如果明天下雪的话,我们将放假一两天。
We won’t go to his party unless he invites us.如果他不邀请我们的话,我们就不去参加他的晚会。
状元典例If you _____ your homework, you can go out to play football.A. finishB. will finishC. are finishing答案:A思路分析:本题考查的是条件状语从句的时态。
根据“如果主句是祈使句、一般将来时态或含有情态动词时,从句要用一般现在时”的原则,可知if 后面应该用一般现在时,故选择A。
3. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由so,so...that..., such...that..., so that等引导。
(2)so...that...与such...that... 的区别so ...that ... so+形容词/副词+that从句so+ much/little+不可数名词+that so+ many/few+可数名词复数+thatso+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+thatsuch+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+thatsuch ...that ...such+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that【例句】It is so cold outside that nobody will go out to play.外面很冷,以致于没有人愿意出去玩。
He has so many books that I don’t know which one I should borrow.他有那么多书,我不知道该借哪一本。
He is such a good man that we all like him.= He is so good a man that we all like him.他是一个大好人,我们都喜欢他。