人文景观翻译

地理志：

Geography

南坑尾，五桂山办事处南偏东6.8公里处，为南桥行政村辖下的一个自然村。村民多姓甘，客家人，人数近百，其祖先于清康熙元年从（河源市）紫金县南塘村迁居于此。因有山沟自南坑村（同属南桥村）向南延伸至此，村子建于山沟之末端，故名南坑尾，聚落在蟾蜍塘山北麓呈微弓形线状分布。从地理位置上看，南坑尾算得上五桂山最为“深邃”的一个村庄，四面环山，山林成片，过去还是中山抗日根据地之一。更难得的是，这里还自然生长着10多棵目前极其罕有的沉香树。

Nankengwei, a sub-village under Nanqiao Administration Village, is 6.8 kilometers away from Wuguishan Office. Gan is a family name for most villagers, whose ancestors came here from Zijin County (the present Heyuan City) in 1662, the year when Emperor Kangxi assumed the throne in the Qing Dynasty. The village is located at the end of a valley, hence its name. An anti-Japanese base, Nankengwei stands deep in the Wuguishan Mountains with rocks and trees all around, particularly there being more than ten eaglewood trees naturally growing right in the village.

五桂山是享负盛名的革命老区，辖下各个村庄均是涌现大批抗日英雄的村庄。诚然，广袤开阔的五桂山，赋予了这方儿女从未丢失的民族气节和爱国情怀。值此“八一”建军节之际，本栏目再次探访五桂山，走进当地最为偏僻的南坑尾村，回顾过去一批批保家卫国的英雄儿女，力求向读者呈现这个村庄古往今来的点点滴滴……

Long regarded as a revolutionary base, Wuguishan claims some anti-Japanese heroes in every village under its government, an explicit demonstration of national spirit and patriotism. Upon the arrival of the August 1st, a national celebration day for the Chinese army, we intended to revisit some patriotic heroes in Nankengwei and retell their heroic stories.

一路田园

Rustic scenery

其实，去南坑尾路途颇远，也难找。笔者一行开车经城桂路，过了逍遥谷路口两三百米远往右拐入一条小路，总算进了南桥村的地界。这条进南坑尾蜿蜒盘旋的小路，是从山间开出的水泥路，只容一车通过。不过，是日天气不错，明净的天空上白云舒展。沿途见到一两个村庄，大多为二三十户人家聚居，一些岔路伸向村民的果园、菜园及花田，显得幽静惬意。

It was actually no easy job to get to the sub-village. Passing Xiaoyaogu Valley at a distance of two or three hundred meters, we drove into Nankengwei territory by a single-lane road, which leads into the depth of the mountain. With a shining sun and some flowing clouds, we saw one or two villages with twenty or thirty households, while some paths go directly into the quiet fruit and vegetable gardens and flowers fields.

以前，由于地理位置偏僻，居住在南坑尾的村民，世世代代出入都依靠一条狭窄崎岖的泥路。前些年，南桥村委会审时度势，最终筹措30万元资金修成这条3米见宽的水泥路。尽管其规模无法与外头的城桂路相提并论，但南坑尾村民知足了，他们今后出村入村再也无须担心打雷下雨路难行。一路上，阳光、青山、翠竹、绿水、屋舍，似曾相识地逐一与我们打起招呼。（杨译）

In the past, due to the out-of-the-way location, Nankengwei villagers had to depend on a muddy path for contact with the outside world. But some years ago, the village raised about 300,000 yuan and built the present concrete road, though its three-meter width is out of all

comparison with the Shiqi-Wuguishan Expressway. Villagers now do not have to worry about their going out and coming home when there is a big rain. The sun, the mountains, the bamboos, the farm houses, the jumping creeks, all seemed to greet us like old friends.

村子遥遥在望，风景愈发纯净。南坑尾是个四面环山的小村，小得简直让人难以置信，二三十间客家民居纵向散落其间，不用两三分钟即可环绕一圈。时值下午两点，阳光变得耀眼，不少村民吃罢午饭三三两两聚于树阴下乘凉，唠起了家常。村子周围不但山脉连绵，沟谷纵横，而且林阴蔽日。看着眼前的稻田，四周的枫林，吸着山里的新鲜空气，那感觉甚是空灵。

The closer Nankengwei is, the more unspoiled its landscape is. The village, surrounded by mountains, is unbelievably small, dotted longitudinally with 20 or 30 Hakka folk houses. It takes only two or three minutes to walk around the village. The time when we arrived at the village was 2 o'clock at noon, and the sunshine was extremely dazzling, so quite a few of villagers who had just finished their lunch were sitting in the shade by twos and threes engaging in small talks. Placing ourselves in such a village enclosed by far-stretching mountains, numerous deep valleys and forests, feasting our eyes on its rice fields and surrounding maple woods and breathing the fresh and clear air, we can't help but drench ourselves in such a pureness and tranquility.

在南坑尾村，其负责人告诉笔者，此处麻雀虽小，但五脏俱全。客家人勤读书、求功名、讲究秩序、重视祖宗家法的人文传统，同样体现在村子的一砖一瓦中。而今，有越来越多的南坑尾后人走出大山，到外面闯荡，追求更为远大的生活理想。

A village leader told us that small as the village is, it has all the functions and traditions like other big villages. The Hakka traditions of emphasizing assiduous learning, pursuing official positions, observing orders and respecting to ancestral and family rules can be sensed as well in every brick and tile in the village. Nowadays, more and more Nankengwei people walk out of the mountain to pursue their higher life goals.

往事悠悠

Unforgettable past

明清时期，战乱不断，一批中原人辗转迁徙到中山，当时大片平原沃土已经被先来者占据，只剩下群山林立、树木遮天的五桂山地区，他们依靠勤劳的双手在此安家落户。有学者认为，由于数百年来极少与原居地联系，五桂山地区的客家人受到广府文化的影响较多，但保存下来的客家文化（客家山歌、客家菜等）与梅州、河源等纯客家地区一样朴素和原始。此外，五桂山的客家人向来不乏进取意识，因而容易倾向革命，他们在辛亥革命、抗日战争、解放战争中作出了颇多贡献。

In the Ming and the Qing dynasties, a group of people in Central China moved into Zhongshan after trudging from place to place. But at that time the vast and rich plain in Zhongshan had been occupied by the first comers with only the wooded mountainous Wuguishan area left, so the latter comers had to settle down in the mountainous area and used their two hands to create a new life. According to some scholars, due to the rare connection with the people remaining in their former living places in Central China for hundreds of years, the Hakkas living in Wuguishan area are greatly affected by the Cantonese culture, but the Hakka cultures such as Hakka folk songs and Hakka dishes have remained as plain and primitive as those in the pure Hakka areas in Meizhou and Heyuan. Moreover, the Hakkas in Wuguishan area never lack enterprising spirit and tend to support revolutions to right the wrong. That's why they have made so many contributions in the Revolution of 1911, the War of Resistance against Japan

(1937-1945) and the War of Liberation(1945-1949).

抗日战争时期，南坑尾一带仍是原始森林，四面皆山，南北向的小溪穿山流出。溯溪上行，拐进森林，地形复杂，易守难攻，抗日游击队经常在此地活动。造访当日，南坑尾村的负责人为笔者一行带路去看山边一处洞穴，原来当年欧初等不少革命前辈曾在这里打过游击，还在这个洞穴住过。该洞穴藏身于几块巨石之间，面积不是很大，掩映在翠山绿竹间，尤显神秘。

In the War of Resistance against Japan, the area of Nankengwei was covered by a primitive forest with a small river flowing over it from south to north. Walking up along the river and turning in the forest into a complex terrain which is easy to be defended but difficult to be attacked, we arrived at the spot where the anti-Japanese activities were frequently taken by the anti-Japanese guerrilla forces during the war. That day, the village leader also guided us to see a cave at the mountain side which some revolutionary forerunners such as Ouchu once lived in. Hiding among several big rocks and covered by green bamboos in deep mountains, the not-big cave looks especially mysterious.

时至当代，珠三角汹涌的工业化、城市化浪潮，也冲击着古老的山区。出于城市可持续发展、林区生态保护的需要，包括南坑尾村在内的不少五桂山村庄甘愿“吃亏”，也要维护好珠三角西岸这一大片难得的“绿土”。事实上，这些客家乡民的默默付出，诚如当年他们的先辈为革命抛头颅洒热血的赤诚，值得所有中山人尊敬。（何译）

Although today's Nankengwei is unavoidably rocked with the raging waves of industrialization and urbanization in the Pearl River Delta, the ancient small village, in alliance with some other villages in Wuguishan area, is willing to forsake its economic profits for the sake of the surstainable development of cities and the ecological protection of forests. The effort to protect the precious big forest land in the Pearl River Delta is in fact another embodiment of the silent dedication of the Hakka people in Wuguishan area just as what their forefathers have done in the past revolutions. Such a devoted spirit is really worth the respect of all Zhongshan people.

沉香之谜

Mystery of eaglewood

不看不知道，一看吓一跳。据南坑尾村负责人介绍，附近山上自然生长有10多棵沉香树，其中最大的一棵直径超过50厘米，树龄超过200年，较为罕有。去年，一位从北京下来的林业教授考察此村的沉香树时不禁喟叹，最大的这棵沉香树实属全国罕见。另据笔者查阅资料发现，上世纪八九十年代三乡曾发现一棵直径长60多厘米的沉香树，不过很可惜，没多久它病死了。眼前的这棵沉香树，生长于村后一处坡地上，近前果然能闻到阵阵幽香，其枝干挺拔，新叶碧绿如洗，薄如蝉翼，很好看。

We did not know much about the eaglewood trees but seeing them we really got a surprise. According to the head of the Nankengwei Village, there are over 10 eaglewood trees growing naturally on the nearby mountains. The biggest one has a diameter of over 50 centimeters and an age of over 200 years. It is quite rare in our country. Last year, a professor of forestry from Beijing, investigating the village, was surprised to see so big and so rare an eaglewood tree. Having consulted the documents, our reporters learnt that in the 1980s and 1990s an eaglewood tree in a diameter of over 60 centimeters was found in Sanxiang Town but it is a pity that the tree died of a disease in a short time. And this one before us is standing on the slope land behind the village, giving off much fragrance when we smell nearby. It has a straight stem and looks so beautiful with its leaves being green as if washed and thin like a cicada’s wings.

解放前后，沉香树曾是中山一个响当当的林木“招牌”，南部五桂山、南朗、三乡等地的山头山脚均有种植，微风吹过，空气里会泛出淡淡的沉香味。此后，部分人知道沉香具有极高的经济价值，于是纷纷上山砍伐沉香树，加之自然灾害影响，本地的沉香树濒临绝迹。前些年，市林业部门虽然经过多年努力寻找，发现的野生沉香树也仅有寥寥数棵。

After liberation the eaglewood tree once was a Zhongshan’s well-known forest “signboard”. They were growing on the top and at the foot of the mountains in Wuguishan, Nanlang and Sanxiang, sending forth delicate fragrance of the eaglewood in breeze. Hereafter, some people, learning the highly economic value, climbed the mountains to cut down them. In addition to natural disasters, they were on the verge of extinction. In the past the municipal forestry department only found few natural eaglewood trees in spite of their hard searching for many years.

原来，一般树木的树干“受伤”以后，都会惹来祸患，殃及全枝，但沉香树“受伤”后，却会在虫蚁侵蚀和化学作用下，结成一种散发出特殊香气的树脂结合物———沉香。本地坊间流传的“女儿香”，指的便是它。旧时，女儿出嫁，娘家会把一片沉香置于嫁妆箱底，以备女儿为人母时之用。生小孩时，把小片沉香磨粉泡水冲服，可以活血止痛，点燃另有催产之功用。

Usually after the stem of a tree “is wounded”, the cut will bring disaster to the whole tree. But the wounded eaglewood tree, under the insect erosion and the chemical reaction, forms some sort of resin binder which can send forth special fragrance. Also, this fragrance is named eaglewood . But its popular name used by the local people is “daughter fragrance”. In the old time, when a daughter got married, her family would put a piece of eaglewood at the bottom of her glory-box in preparation for her giving birth to babies. Drinking a cup of water mixed with a little eaglewood powder can improve blood circulation, relieve pain and expedite child delivery.

有意思的是，民众、三角等沙田地区还有“白木香”（此树不能凝结树脂）这么一句口头禅，讥讽人靠不住或中看不中用。

It is interesting that a pet phrase of “white eaglewood tree” (It can not form the resin), is used by the people in Minzhong and Sanjiao to scoff at those who are pleasant to the eye but of no use/ white elephants.