外文参考文献

JIU JIANG UNIVERSITY 中英文文献翻译

题目RFID射频识别技术概述院系信息科学与技术学院专业计算机科学与技术

姓名武晓杰

班级学号A121238

二Ｏ一五年十二月

RFID basic principle

What is the RFID

RFID is the abbreviation for Radio Frequency Identification, called electronics label . What is the RFID technology

RFID recognition is a non-contact automatic identification technology, rf signal through its automatic target recognition and access to relevant data, identify work without manual intervention, it can work in various environments. RFID technology can identify high-speed moving objects and can identify multiple tags, the operation is fast and convenient.

Accenture laboratory's chief scientist sir alex ferguson feels RFID is a breakthrough technology: "first, can identify a very specific objects, rather like the code that can identify class objects; second, the use of rf, can read data through external materials, and bar code must rely on laser to read information; third, can also read on to multiple objects, and bar code can only read one by one. In addition, store of information is also very big."

What is the basic component of RFID

The most basic RFID system consists of three parts:

·Tag:Tag consists of components and chips, each Tag has only electronic coding, adhere to the object for identifiering target;

·Reader:read (sometimes also can write) label information equipment,it can

be designed for portable or fixed;

·Antenna:Transmit radio frequency signals between in the label and reader.

The basic principle of RFID technology is what

The basic principle of RFID technology is not complex:Label into the field, Receive radio frequency signals from reader collision, with all the energy stored in a chip of the product information （passive tag, there is no source label or labels ）, Or actively to

send a frequency signals（active tag and to label or labels ）；to read information and understanding of the decoder after the central information systems to carry out the relevant data processing.

What makes retailers so highly RFID

Sanford Bernstein cristiano, according to analysts estimate the retailing company, by adopting the RFID, wal-mart can save $ billion each year, mostly because of the purchase of artificial view does not need to save the cost of labor code. Although some analysts think $8 billion in the digital too optimistic, but undoubtedly, RFID help solve the problem: the two biggest retail commodities and loss (broken by theft and supply chain was unsettled and loss of products),now a wal-mart, stealing a loss is almost 20 billion dollars, if a legitimate business turnover can achieve this number, can in American 1,000 enterprise's list of top first 694. Research organizations estimate, This rfid technology can help to reduce the level of 25% reduction and stock.

The typical application of RFID technology is what

Logistics and supply management

Manufacturing and assembly

Airline baggage handling

Mail/express parcel

A document tracking/library management

Animal identity tags

Movement

Access control/electronic tickets

Automatic charge. Road

RFID automatic recognition term explanation

·micro wave: wavelength of centimeters or frequency in 1-100GHZ electromagnetic wave.

·radiation frequency: usually microwave.

·electronic tags: stored data object code identification tag, also called

rf CARDS.

·passive tags: without power and internal by receiving microwave energy work.

·active tags: by internal batteries work labels.

·microwave antenna: used for launching and receive a signal.

·read device: Used to read the labels in electronic data.

·programming device:for electronic data written to the label or labels for the stored data.

·beam bracketing: refers to the antenna beam range of microwave irradiation range launch power.

·tag capacity: The label of programming can be written in the number of digits or logical.

A - Biz -utomatic identification technology application case frame

ASN - senior freight notice

BIS - commercial information system

DA - shipment notification

EAN --European articles coding EPCTM - electronic products

ONS - objects name resolution services

PML - entity markup language

UCC - unity coding committee

UML - unified modeling language

System composition and working principle

The most basic RFID system consists of three parts:

·Tag:Tag consists of components and chips, each Tag has only electronic coding, adhere to the object for identifiering target;

·Reader:read (sometimes also can write) label information equipment,it can

be designed for portable or fixed;

·Antenna:Transmit radio frequency signals between in the label and reader.

Some systems have readers RS232 or RS485 interface with external computer (upper computer system) connection, and exchange data.

The system of basic workflow is: reader through the antenna send certain frequencies of rf signals, when the rf card to enter the antenna working area induced current, rf cards gain energy to be activated, rf cards will own coding information through the card built-in transmitting antenna send out, System receiving aerial from rf card from the carrier signal, the antenna of a regulator to the reader, the reader to receive a signal and demodulates and decodes to the system to deal with the relevant ；the main system based on logic, determine the legality of smart cards, in different settings make the appropriate treatment and control signals control and direction of movement. in the coupling between inductors and electromagnetic way (), communication process (FDX, HDX, SEQ)、From rf card to the reader of data transmission of the load method (modulation, reverse scattering, high time harmonics) and frequency, from the contact method transmission a fundamental difference, but all the reader in principle, and the decision of the design structures are very similar. all the reader is a simple matter of high frequency and control unit two basic module. high frequency interface includes both transmitters and receivers, its functions include: to produce high-frequency transmit power to start and provide rf card energy. To launch signal used to send data to rf CARDS, Receive and demodulation of high frequency signals from rf CARDS. Different rfid system with some difference frequency interface design, the system frequency inductive coupling interface diagram shown.

Readers of the control unit features include: communicate with the application software, Application software and to execute the order of radio frequencies ；control and communication from the principle of the lord - () ；signal of the decoding. to some specific systems are the collision, the algorithm to rf card reader, and to the transfer of data encryption and decryption, as well as on radio frequencies and the reader's authentication for an additional function.

The rfid system is a key and distance of the parameters. At present, the price of long-distance rfid system is very expensive, thus to improve their reading for distance of the method is very important. Influence factors of distance and RF card reader, including antenna working frequency of RF output power, reader's reception sensitivity, RF card power, antenna and the resonant circuit Q value, antenna, RF card reader and the direction of the coupling, and RF card itself of energy and send information energy etc. Most of the system of writing is read and write different, read the distance is about 40% to 80%.

Theory analysis

RFID technology USES radio-frequency mode in the reader and rf card no contact between the bidirectional data transmission, in order to achieve target recognition and data exchange. And the tradition of code, magnetic and IC card, compared with non-contact, rf card reading speed, wear, not by environmental impact, long life, easy to

use and has the characteristics of anti-collision function, can handle more CARDS. Abroad, rfid technology has been widely used in industrial automation, commercial automation, transportation control, etc.

RFID基本原理

什么是RFID

RFID是Radio Frequency Identification的缩写，即射频识别，俗称电子标签。

什么是RFID技术

RFID射频识别是一种非接触式的自动识别技术，它通过射频信号自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据，识别工作无须人工干预，可工作于各种恶劣环境。RFID技术可识别高速运动物体并可同时识别多个标签，操作快捷方便。

埃森哲实验室首席科学家弗格森认为RFID是一种突破性的技术："第一，可以识别单个的非常具体的物体，而不是像条形码那样只能识别一类物体；第二，其采用无线电射频，可以透过外部材料读取数据，而条形码必须靠激光来读取信息；第三，可以同时对多个物体进行识读，而条形码只能一个一个地读。此外，储存的信息量也非常大。"

什么是RFID的基本组成部分

最基本的RFID系统由三部分组成：

·标签：由耦合元件及芯片组成，每个标签具有唯一的电子编码，附着在物体上标识目标对象；

·阅读器：读取(有时还可以写入)标签信息的设备，可设计为手持式或固定式；

·天线：在标签和读取器间传递射频信号。

RFID技术的基本工作原理是什么

RFID技术的基本工作原理并不复杂：标签进入磁场后，接收解读器发出的射频信号，凭借感应电流所获得的能量发送出存储在芯片中的产品信息（Passive Tag，无源标签或被动标签），或者主动发送某一频率的信号（Active Tag，有源标签或主动标签）；解读器读取信息并解码后，送至中央信息系统进行有关数据处理。

是什么让零售商如此推崇RFID

据Sanford C. Bernstein公司的零售业分析师估计，通过采用RFID，沃尔玛每年可

以节省亿美元，其中大部分是因为不需要人工查看进货的条码而节省的劳动力成本。尽管另外一些分析师认为80亿美元这个数字过于乐观，但毫无疑问，RFID有助于解决零售业两个最大的难题：商品断货和损耗（因盗窃和供应链被搅乱而损失的产品），而现在单是盗窃一项，沃尔玛一年的损失就差不多有20亿美元，如果一家合法企业的营业额能达到这个数字，就可以在美国1000家最大企业的排行榜中名列第694位。研究机构估计，这种RFID技术能够帮助把失窃和存货水平降低25%。

RFID技术的典型应用是什么

物流和供应管理

生产制造和装配

航空行李处理

邮件/快运包裹处理

文档追踪/图书馆管理

动物身份标识

运动计时

门禁控制/电子门票

道路自动收费

RFID自动识别术语解释

·微波：波长为—100厘米或频率在1—100GHZ的电磁波。

·射频：一般指微波。

·电子标签：以电子数据形式存储标识物体代码的标签，也叫射频卡。

·被动式电子标签：内部无电源、靠接收微波能量工作的电子标签。

·主动式电子标签：靠内部电池供电工作的电子标签。

·微波天线：用于发射和接受微波信号。

·读出装置：用于读取电子标签内电子数据。

·阅读器：用于读取电子标签内电子数据。

·编程器：用于将电子数据写入电子标签或查阅电子标签内存储数据。

·波束范围：指天线发射微波的照射功率范围。

·标签容量：电子标签编程时所能写入的字节数或逻辑位数。

a-Biz—自动识别技术的应用案例框架

ASN—高级货运通知

BIS—商业信息系统

DA—发货通知

EAN—欧洲物品编码组

EPCTM—产品电子码

ONS—对象名解析服务

PML—实体标记语言

UCC—统一编码委员会

UML—统一建模语言

系统组成和工作原理

最基本的RFID系统由三部分组成：

1. 标签(Tag，即射频卡)：由耦合元件及芯片组成，标签含有内置天线，用于和射频天线间进行通信。

2. 阅读器：读取(在读写卡中还可以写入)标签信息的设备。

3. 天线：在标签和读取器间传递射频信号。

有些系统还通过阅读器的RS232或RS485接口与外部计算机(上位机主系统)连接，进行数据交换。

系统的基本工作流程是：阅读器通过发射天线发送一定频率的射频信号，当射频卡进入发射天线工作区域时产生感应电流，射频卡获得能量被激活；射频卡将自身编码等信息通过卡内置发送天线发送出去；系统接收天线接收到从射频卡发送来的载波信号，经天线调节器传送到阅读器，阅读器对接收的信号进行解调和解码然后送到后台主系统进行相关处理；主系统根据逻辑运算判断该卡的合法性，针对不同的设定做出相应的处理和控制，发出指令信号控制执行机构动作。

在耦合方式(电感-电磁)、通信流程(FDX、HDX、SEQ)、从射频卡到阅读器的数据传输方法(负载调制、反向散射、高次谐波)以及频率范围等方面，不同的非接触传输方法有根本的区别，但所有的阅读器在功能原理上，以及由此决定的设计构造上都很相似，所有阅读器均可简化为高频接口和控制单元两个基本模块。高频接口包含发送器和接收器，其功能包括：产生高频发射功率以启动射频卡并提供能量；对发射信号进行调制，用于将数据传送给射频卡；接收并解调来自射频卡的高频信号。不同射频识别系统的高频接口设计具有一些差异，电感耦合系统的高频接口原理图如图所示。

阅读器的控制单元的功能包括：与应用系统软件进行通信，并执行应用系统软件发来的命令；控制与射频卡的通信过程(主-从原则)；信号的编解码。对一些特殊的系统还有执行反碰撞算法，对射频卡与阅读器间要传送的数据进行加密和解密，以及进行射频卡和阅读器间的身份验证等附加功能。

射频识别系统的读写距离是一个很关键的参数。目前，长距离射频识别系统的价格还很贵，因此寻找提高其读写距离的方法很重要。影响射频卡读写距离的因素包括天线工作频率、阅读器的RF输出功率、阅读器的接收灵敏度、射频卡的功耗、天线及谐振电路的Q值、天线方向、阅读器和射频卡的耦合度，以及射频卡本身获得的能量及发送信息的能量等。大多数系统的读取距离和写入距离是不同的，写入距离大约是读取距离的40%～80%。

原理分析

RFID技术利用无线射频方式在阅读器和射频卡之间进行非接触双向数据传输，以

达到目标识别和数据交换的目的。与传统的条型码、磁卡及IC卡相比，射频卡具有非接触、阅读速度快、无磨损、不受环境影响、寿命长、便于使用的特点和具有防冲突功能，能同时处理多张卡片。在国外，射频识别技术已被广泛应用于工业自动化、商业自动化、交通运输控制管理等众多领域。