【中考英语总复习 考点专项练习】39 阅读理解之说明文(原卷及答案)
专项39 阅读理解之说明文
＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
说明文阅读理解的特征
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。
1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）
3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）
4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？
5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
A
（2022·西藏·中考真题）
The Fuxing train has started running in southwest China’s Tibet along the Lhasa—Nyingchi
Railway(拉萨—林芝铁路).
The 435-kilometer railway links Lhasa and Nyingchi. It is China’s first electrified(电气化的)
railroad on the “Roof of the World”. It shortens the journey between Lhasa and Nyingchi from over five hours to about 3.5 hours.
The new railway covers an area of 226,000 square kilometers. It goes through 47 tunnels (隧道) and crosses 121 bridges. The train has a top speed of 160 kilometers per hour. It is the fastest
train on the high land, but it’s a bit slower than some other Fuxing trains in our country because of
the special environment. The railway not only makes local people’s life easier, but also brings
more tourists to the area.
“The railway trip is so relaxing and fast. The new train has brought our family members
closer than ever before,” said a teacher who lives in Nyingchi. She used to drive more than five
hours from Nyingchi to Lhasa to visit her parents during the summer vacation.
Besides carrying passengers, the railway also provides good chances for farmers to sell local
products to more places. It’s sure to put new energy into Tibet’s economic(经济的) development.
1．How many hours does the journey take between Lhasa and Nyingchi by Fuxing train?
A．About 5 hours. B．About 4 hours. C．About 3.5 hours. D．About 1.5 hours.
2．What’s the top speed of Fuxing train from Lhasa to Nyingchi?
A．160 kilometers per hour. B．121 kilometers per hour.
C．47 kilometers per hour. D．160 meters per hour.
3．What does the underlined word “shortens” mean in Chinese?
A．克扣 B．下降 C．缩短 D．缺少
4．What’s special about the Lhasa—Nyingchi Railway?
A．It covers a large area.
B．It can carry passengers.
C．The train goes through lots of tunnels and bridges.
D．It’s China’s first electrified railway on the “Roof of the World”.
5．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The railway trip is not relaxing or fast.
B．The railway does not bring more tourists to the area.
C．The train goes through 121 tunnels and 47 bridges.
D．It’s a bit slower than some other Fuxing trains in our country.
B
（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）
Sue and Jim were neighbours for five years but they were never interested in each other. Then
one day, Sue saw Jim’s music collection. She noticed a rare punk rock CD that she also owned. At
that moment, she realized that they both had the same interest in music and they started talking.
Sue said, “I thought we had nothing in common (相同) until I saw his CD by the New York Dolls.”
They are now married and living with each other.
Some psychologists (心理学家) think that your taste in music is related to (有联系的) your
personality. As part of a test at the University of Texas, Austin, USA, volunteers created a CD of
their favourite songs. The volunteers then listened to each other’s CDs and made guesses about the
CD creator’s personality—outgoing, adventurous, happy, and so on. These strangers correctly
guessed much more about each others’ personalities through their CDs than through their clothes
or taste in films. For example, Sue and Jim love punk music, which means they have outgoing
personalities.
The psychologists who did the test found Snoop Dogg (hip-hop) fans are likely to be
energetic and talkative. People who like U2 (rock/pop music) are generally independent and
adventurous.
The psychologists also found that Louis Armstrong (jazz) fans tend to (倾向于) be serious
and intelligent. While fans of classical music are also likely to enjoy jazz music and tend to be shy.
The psychologists were surprised to find that rap and heavy metal fans were also shier and quieter
than many other music lovers.
Title: Music and ____6____
An opinion ◆ Your ____7____ in music is related to your personality.
Findings ◆One’s clothes or taste in films is ____8____ important than his/her CDs in a
test of guessing about one’s personality.
◆ It is ____9____ that hip-hop fans are energetic and talkative.
◆People who ____10____ rock or pop music are usually independent and
adventurous.
◆Jazz fans tend to be ____11____ and intelligent.
暑假自学课：2023年小学英语四升五专项复习-第5讲-阅读理解专项 人教PEP版(学生版)
学科教师辅导教案（学生版）
课程主题：四升五 专题复习 第五讲 阅读理解专项
教学内容
【进门测试】
（2023春·全国·四年级专题练习）
Woman: Can I help you?
Lucy: Yes, please. I need a sweater for school.
Woman: OK. What colour do you want?
Lucy: Blue.
Woman: How about this one?
Lucy: It is nice. How much is it?
Woman: Eighty yuan.
Lucy: I will take it. How much are those yellow socks?
Woman: Three yuan for a pair and five yuan for two pairs.
Lucy: I will take two pairs.
Woman: Here you are.
Lucy: Thank you.
( )1．Lucy comes to a ______.
A．shop B．school C．library
( ) 2．What kind of sweater does Lucy buy?
A．A sweater for farm. B．A sweater for cooking. C．A sweater for school.
( ) 3．How much is the sweater?
A．18 yuan. B．80 yuan. C．88 yuan.
( ) 4．How much are those yellow socks?
A．6 yuan for a pair. B．5 yuan for a pair. C．3 yuan for a pair
( ) 5．How much should Lucy give the woman?
2023年上海中考英语热点重难点专练重难点10 完形填空之说明文(原卷版)
重难点10 完形填空之说明文（原卷版）
（建议用时：30分钟）
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想。考查趋势是：辨析词义，以实词为主，且第一局不设空，生词量有增无减，长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。
中考生最为棘手的题型之一。它既考查对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能力。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。
1.通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。
2.瞻前顾后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准确无误。
3.反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。
4.验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：(1)文章是否顺畅；(2)所填单词是否是最佳单词；(3)所填单词是否有拼写错误。
完形填空的解题方法和技巧：1）确定填入单词的词性。
2）根据短语的固定搭配。 3）固定的句式结构。
4）利用冒号或者破折号。
5）利用句子在语段中的“地位”。
外卖、5G、新冠疫情、冬奥会、碳中和等。
一、完形填空
Oil is not the only source of power in South America. Many countries rely on another liquid-water. Many of
中考英语阅读理解——说明文30例（76）
中考英语阅读理解——说明文30例（76）
中考英语阅读理解——说明文30例（76）
1、Because earthquakes happen without warning, it’s
important to take steps now to prepare. Because you don’t
know where you will be when an earthquake happens, prepare
some supplies for your home, workplace, and car.
1. Water.
A person needs at least 1/2 gallon of water daily just for
drinking. Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and
be prepared for a 72-hour period. It is suggested that you buy
bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original container and do
not open it until you need to use it. Also, do check the “use by”
date.
2. Food.
It’s always a practical idea to keep a supply of non-perishable(不易腐烂的) food on hand. Have an enough supply of
canned food, powdered milk, dried fruits, non-salted nuts and
canned juices for at least 72 hours.
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十九(19页word版答案含有解析)
1 2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十九
[一]
When Curie was 10 years old, in 1878, her mother died of tuberculosis（结核病）. The Polish girl then known as Manya Sklodowska carried on with her
schoolwork as if nothing had happened, but for months she'd find places to hide
so she could cry her eyes out.
At age 18, she landed a job as governess（家庭教师） to a wealthy family near
Warsaw. She ended up falling in love with Casimir Zorawski, an accomplished
student of 19 with whom she shared a love of nature and science. But when Casimir
announced that he and Manya wanted to marry, his father threatened to disinherit（剥夺……的继承权） him. Four years dragged by. Finally, Manya told Casimir,
"If you cannot decide, I cannot decide for you."
Marie and Pierre, whom she married in 1895, did indeed work side by side late
into the night. But their lab was so shabby and dank that their daughter Irene,
2022学年初三英语考点专项练习47 阅读理解之说明文
＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
说明文阅读理解的特征
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what →
when → where → how → why。
1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）
3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）
4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？
5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
A
Welcome to London! Now let me tell you something about this wonderful city. London, the capital of the
中考英语阅读理解说明文篇(3)
中考英语阅读理解-说明文篇（3）
（11）
Hip-hop dancing(街舞) is popular with many young people today．They like it because they can invent their own
moves．They use this dance to show their love for life．It also．shows that they feel good about life，that they just
want to be themselves and enjoy lire，and that they are not afraid of problems．
Hip-hop dancing has a history of more than ears．It first began in the 1980s in the US．In early times，it was
seen in New York and Los Angles．At that time，many young black people often danced to the music in the
streets．They used their legs，arms，heads and even shoulders to dance．Many young people still use most of these
moves today．
Hip-hop dancing became popular all over the world because of the 1983 movie Flashdance．Some people
performed Hip-hop dancing in the movie．People enjoyed their performance．They began to dance like them．Then
河北省中考英语 试题分析及复习备战策略
试题分析及2016年中考复习备战策略
一、2014－2015年河北省中考英语试题分析
(一)试卷结构
2014－2015年河北省中考英语试卷结构总体保持稳定，分卷Ⅰ和卷Ⅱ两部分。卷Ⅰ为选择题，卷Ⅱ为非选择题，共十一大题，总分为120分(听力部分30分，笔试部分90分)，考试时间为120分钟。和2014年相比，2015的单项选择、书面表达题分值有了较大变化。同时，词汇题和基础写作中的连词成句题型也有了较大变化。试题题型与分值见下表：
卷Ⅰ 卷Ⅱ
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ Ⅶ Ⅷ Ⅸ Ⅹ Ⅺ
题型 听力部分 完形
填空 阅读
理解 听短文
填空 任务型
阅读 词语
运用 A B
听句子，选信息 听句子，选答语 对话
理解 短文
理解 单项
选择 连词
成句 书面
表达
2014
题量 5 5 8 7 20 10 15 5 5 5 5 1
2014
分值 5 5 8 7 20 10 30 5 10 5 5 10
2015
题量 5 5 8 7 15 10 15 5 5 5 5 1
2015
分值 5 5 8 7 15 10 30 5 10 5 5 15
约占总
分比例 20.8% 2014年
16．7% 8.3% 25% 4.2% 8.3% 4.2% 4.2% 2014年
8．3%
2015年
12．5% 2015年
12．5%
2014年70.8% 2015年66.7% 2014年29.2% 2015年33.3%
(二)题型分析
1．听力部分
听力试题的选材以口语材料为主，突出交际功能，考查学生获取信息、推理判断和正确应答的能力。2014－2015年河北省中考英语听力部分题型保持稳定，分为以下五大题：
Ⅰ. 听句子，选出句子中所包含的信息。第1小题考查单词辨音，以名词居多；2014年第2小题考查数字，第3小题考查短语辨音，而2015年这两道小题的考查位置颠倒；第4小题和第5小题均考查同义句。
成都市中考英语试卷英语阅读理解题分类汇编(及答案)
成都市中考英语试卷英语阅读理解题分类汇编(及答案)
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
Jackie visited his grandparents on their farm. And he was playing with a slingshot(弹弓) in the
woods. He practised in the woods but he could never hit the target. As he was walking back, he
saw Grandma's pet duck. Without thinking, he shot, hit the duck in the head and killed it. He was
very afraid. He knew Grandma loved the duck. She would be sad or even angry if she knew that
her duck was killed He then hid the dead duck under a tee His sister Susan saw it all, but she said
nothing.
After lunch that day Grandma said, "Susan, let's wash the dishes. "But Susan said, "Grandma.
Jackie told me he wanted to help in the kitchen today, didn't you, Jackie?" And then she
whispered(小声说) to him, "Remember the duck? "So Jackie did the dishes.
Later Grandpa asked if the children wanted to go fishing, but Grandma sad, "Tm sorry but I
期中考试总结与反思300字（精选19篇）
期中考试总结与反思300字（精选19篇）
期中考试，大家一年总是要经历几次。那么期中考试总结与反思300字怎么写呢?下面小编整理了期中考试总结与反思300字，希望对你有所帮助!
期中考试总结与反思 篇1
成功的人只改变方法，不改变目标;失败的人只改变目标，不改变方法。
期中语文考试我的目标是八十五分以上，成绩下来以后还是没有进步，这是在意料之外，也是在情理之中。仔仔细细地回想这十多天对语文的复习，不管是态度上还是方法上总是有些纰漏的。
首先是态度。我一直认为语文没有物理、数学那么重要，一直觉得自己的语文成绩还行，所以在语文复习上花的时间就没有别的科目那么多。俗话说“态度决定一切”，态度不好，成绩自然也就不会好，所以今后我首先要做的是先端正学习语文的态度，从根本是解决问题。
其次是方法。前前后后翻了一下试卷，阅读控制在了4分以内，在控制的范围内，但也是基于这次阅读较简单，我认为阅读上还有很大的提升空间，争取做到议论文、说明文一分不扣，可是在课外文言文上扣了3分，觉得如果再细一些，也许会少扣几分吧。最后是作文，我觉得作文写得还没有到最好。主要原因是一直认为作文会考家庭生活类的，然后就没怎么准备其它的类型，上考场后将一篇以前准备的作文套了进去，感觉上不太流畅、精致，语言不是很到位，作文上可以再提高1分的，今后要加紧阅读训练和备考作文，文言文方面可以在课下多训练训练。
期中考试走了，期末考试还会远吗?希望在期末考试之前抓紧时间训练，让语文成绩再高一个档次。
期中考试总结与反思 篇2
考试在我们紧张而又忙碌的复习中结束了，好也罢，坏也罢，成也罢，败也罢，喜也罢，愁也罢，都已经过去了，我们现在要做的就是认真总结，积极反思，调适心态，再决将来。 这次期中考试不仅给我们查找自己不足的机会，还让我们知道自己的真实水平。给我们指明了努力的方向!考试就像捕鱼，每一次考试你都会发现鱼网上的漏洞，经过一次次的修补，一次次的捕捞，在中考的时候，你的知识与能力编成的鱼网一定已经是牢不可破的。这次期中考试，我们每一位同学都经受了失败、痛苦和成功的洗礼，得到了磨练、反省和升华自我的机会，这正是我们最大的收获。 期中考试取得了高分，固然可喜，因为它是过去一个阶段汗水的结晶。但这个成绩不能代表全部，不能代表将来。成功自有成功的喜悦，以此为动力，一路向前，将成功串联，才能铸就更大的成功。但是，失败也有失败的魅力，因为暂时未能成功，我们便有了期待，在努力中期待，在期待中努力，终究会迎来希望的太阳。成功不是骄傲的资本，失败却是努力的理由。某某人，为了发明某某物，失败多少次，才终于取得最后的成功，不应该只是作文时举例论证的材料。战之能胜是好汉，屡败屡战亦英雄。勤奋着，就是美丽的。 期中考试，不管取得怎样的成绩，都要引起我们足够的思考。 一要反思我们的学习习惯。上课是否认真听讲，认真笔记?作业是否及时完成，独立完成?是否主动学习，主动钻研?是否注意答题规范，书写整洁? 二要反思我们的勤奋度、刻苦度、专注度。学问永远是苦根上长出来的甜果。一切少付出多收获的想法都是不现实的。我们要多自问：面对作业，面对压力，是否怨天尤人?我们的学习，是心无旁骛，穷根究底，还是心猿意马，浅尝辄止? 为了今后，我要抓紧现在，只有善于总结，才能赢得未来。一次考试并不是句号，更不能代表我们全部的实力。人生道路有风和日丽的日子，也有阴雨连绵的岁月，我们不能左右天气，却可以改变心情，我们不能改变容貌，却可以展现笑容，我们不能改变世界，却可以改变自已。我们要从暂时的喜悦中走出来，从暂时的沮丧中走出来，胜不骄，败不馁，荣辱不惊，卧薪尝胆，及时调整自己，为下一次考试做好准备.
初三计划书精选范文5篇
初三计划书精选范文5篇
初三计划书1
(一)复习总设想：
1.导向引路：要在深入研究课程标准、考试说明、教材、以及学生实际的基础上,从内容到方法,体现正确的复习方向。并在复习的内容,学习的方法,解题的思路上,对学生给予正确的指导,以便最终切实提高学生的中考成绩。
2.整理归类：以课标为依据,帮助学生对语文教材中所牵涉到的知识加以分类整理,以掌握知识的体系和知识之间的内在联系,尽量做到把知识系统化,条理化和简单化。
3.训练能力：通过持续复习和训练力争全面提高学生的识记能力,理解能力,写作能力和应试答题迁移能力。
(二)复习进度与计划：
语文学科同其它学科一样,有自身的知识系统和复习规律。我们也跟许多兄弟学校一样在时间上制定了三个时段的复习计划。
第一轮复习：课本为主,按册进行。
时间为3月中旬到4月下旬。这一轮复习强调不“忘本”,着重从课本入手,依标扣本,在字,词,句,篇中夯实基础,特别是古诗词和文言文全面铺开。按照“知识点梳理——重难点强调——练习题巩固——错误题强化”的步骤进行,采用文言文与现代文穿插、阅读与写作穿插、识记与理解穿插、知识与能力穿插的方法进行复习,以提高语文复习的目的性和实效性。写作训练与指导则贯穿复习的整个过程。
第二轮复习：专项训练,强化重点。
时间为4月下旬到5月底。这一轮进入专题复习。根据《考试说明》和中考命题规律,打破教材原有的单元顺序,将知识结构分门别类地进行整理并强化训练。按照“相关知识整合——相关练习强化——相关错题点评”的步骤分类进行,努力做到“三多”,即：多精讲几种题型,多总结答题技巧,多点评中考范文。更注重现代文和作文的训练指导,培养学生的中考得分意识。专题复习是复习进程中最重要的阶段,通过对知识板块的专题复习,可以使以前散见于课文中的基础知识系统化,使学生能站在一个较高的平台来俯视语文知识体系,消除那种只见树木不见森林的迷茫。
第三轮复习：综合训练,把握整体。