在职艺术硕士(MFA)全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷16(题后含答案及解析)
在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷16 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 3. 英文阅读理解题
英文阅读理解题
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too
little conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to
divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark
creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. Recent research
by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict
may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied
perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked
for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be
achieved in the absence of conflict. Managers of for-profit organizations saw a
different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led
to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these
results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the
executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was
most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather
than conflict enhanced financial indicators. In the not-for-profit organizations,
decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying
constituents. Griven the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many
diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and
acceptable decisions. (253 words)
1． In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is______.
A．wrong
B．oversimplified
C．misleading
D．unclear
正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英文阅读理解
2． Professor Charles R. Schwenk’s research shows______.
A．the advantages and disadvantages of conflict
B．the real value of conflict
C．the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict
D．the complexity of defining the roles of conflict
正确答案：C 涉及知识点：英文阅读理解
3． We can learn from Schwenk’s research that______.
A．a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization
B．conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations
C．different people resolve conflicts in different ways
D．it is impossible for people to avoid conflict
正确答案：A 涉及知识点：英文阅读理解
4． The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations______.
A．there is no end of conflict
B．expression of different opinions is encouraged
C．decisions must be justifiable
D．success lies in general agreement
正确答案：D 涉及知识点：英文阅读理解
5． People working in a not-for-profit organization______.
A．seem to be difficult to satisfy
B．are free to express diverse opinions
C．are less effective in making decisions
D．find it easier to reach agreement
正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英文阅读理解
To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the
difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries
concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on
“persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible. Such
production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then
convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of
consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers
and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach
is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell
whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor
to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for
purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevolent (慈善的) or
that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always
two sides to every business transaction—the firm and the customer—and each must
be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however,
recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to
customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer
presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The
在职艺术硕士(MFA)全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷37(题后含答案及解析)
在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷37 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 3. 英文阅读理解题
英文阅读理解题
Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have
specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of
the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands
language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy： whether language,
complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned
behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one
rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the world’s only liberal
arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach
English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something
在职艺术硕士(MFA)全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编3(题后
在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编3 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 3. 英文阅读理解题
英文阅读理解题
To the people of ancient Egypt, life on earth was short. Life after death,
however, was eternal. Therefore they built their tombs of stone and they took their
possessions with them into another world. The more important the people, the
greater the tomb. The Pharaohs were the rulers of the country and when they died they
became gods. Many of their tombs remain, and some have become a wonder of the
world. These are the pyramids. The purpose of these stone mountains was to
protect the burial chamber from the weather and from thieves who might try to steal
the gold, jewels and precious possessions placed there to accompany the dead ruler
into eternal life. Their shape, with four triangular sides spreading from a single
在职艺术硕士(MFA)全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷27(题后含答案及解析)
在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷27 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 3. 英文阅读理解题
英文阅读理解题
When a rare disease ALD threatened to kill the four-year-old boy Lorenzo,
his parents refused to give up hope. Doctors explained that there was no cure for ALD,
and that he would probably die within three years. But Lorenzo’s parents set out to
prove the doctors wrong. The parents devoted themselves to keeping their son
alive and searching for a cure. But doctors and the families of other ALD patients
often refused to take them seriously. They thought the efforts to find a cure were a
waste of time, and drug companies weren’t interested in supporting research into such
a rare disease. However, the parents still refused to give up and spent every
available hour in medical libraries and talking to anyone who would help. Through
在职艺术硕士(MFA)全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷1 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 3. 英文阅读理解题
英文阅读理解题
Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes. Japan
is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75
percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形), painted
on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and
thus drivers slow down. Now the American Automobile Association Foundation
for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting
next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected
roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents,
在职攻读硕士联考英语模拟试题及答案解析(16)
在职攻读硕士联考英语模拟试题及答案解析（16）
(1~5/共5题)Part Ⅰ Dialogue Communication
Section A Dialogue Completion
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers,
each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation
to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through
the center.
Section A Dialogue Completion
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers,
each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the
situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line
through the center.
第1题
Speaker A: Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the railway station?
Speaker B: ______
在职攻读硕士联考英语-33.doc
答案见麦多课文库 在职攻读硕士联考英语-33
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
In the Arctic Circle, it is not that Eskimos lack ability or industry, but the surroundings restrict
constructive effort to the barest necessities of existence. This effectually retards progress
to higher development.
Agriculture is impossible all along the thousands of miles of the north shore. The only wood is
such as drifts in. Other than this driftwood, the only available building materials are snow,
ice, stone, and bones of animals. All of these have been used for habitations and storage places,
differing in various tribes according to the requirements and skill of the workers.
The lack of necessary timbers to build walls and span wide spaces is probably one reason why these
tribes construct their houses at least partly beneath the surface of the ground. This device also
在职硕士：2015年在职硕士联考英语词汇考试难点(3)
在职硕士：2015年在职硕士联考英语词汇考试难点(3)
在职研究生：对于在职研究生来说，做好考试备考是非常重要的。由于在职考生离开校门很久了，因此参加在职研究生考试的考生更需要不断掌握做题技巧。本文为广大考生分享2015年在职硕士联考英语词汇考试难点(3)。更多在职研究生报考条件信息请关注在职研究生招生信息网。
检测考生对由各种词类构成的词组及短语的认知与运用的能力
英语中词组及短语的构成是一种极为复杂的语言现象，如动词 +副词，动词+介词，动词+名词+介词;名词+介词，形容词+介词，介词+名词+介词等等。考生在平时的学习中应注意积累，因为这些词组我们一般无法从字面意义上来猜测它们，这样就增加了试题的难度，只有熟悉它们才能在考试中应付裕如。请看下列例题：
(1). The _________ with the project in spite of the difficulties in the course.
A. carried off B. carried out C. carried on D. carried forward
【答案】C
【解析】本题中A项为“获得, 成功对付”之意，B为“贯彻，实施”，D意为“发扬”，惟有C项能与介词with连用，表示“继续进行”，故选项C为正确选项。
(2). Of course, the children look unhealthy. Their mother can’t afford to
_________ them ________ decent meals, not to speak meat and fish regularly.
A. fed ... on B. feed ... on C. grew ... on D. grow ... on
【答案】B
【解析】该题中B项意为“靠 „ 为食，喂养”，是一个固定词组的搭配形式。
在职艺术硕士(MFA)全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编1(题后
在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编1 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 3. 英文阅读理解题
英文阅读理解题
People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring and are less
likely to fall chronically ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist.
Using census(人口普查)data for more than one million people in Austrian, Denmark
and Australia, scientists at the Max Plank Institute for Demographic(人口统计的)Research found the month of birth was related to life expectancy over the age of
50. Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections
occurring at different times of the year could both have an impact on the health of a
new-born baby and could influence its life expectancy in old age. “A mother giving
birth in spring spends the last stage of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat
fewer vitamins than in summer,” said one of the scientists. “When she stops
[考研类试卷]管理类专业学位联考英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编4.doc
答案见麦多课文库 [考研类试卷]管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编4
一、Reading Comprehension
0 "The word 'protection' is no longer taboo(禁忌语)." This short sentence, uttered by
French President Nicolas Sarkozy late last month, may have launched a new era in
economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade
barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater
economic efficiency and productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare.
Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic cause.
These leaders, of course, weren't acting out of unselfishness. They knew their
economies were the most competitive, so they'd profit most from liberalization. And
developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western
在职艺术硕士(MFA)全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编2(题后
在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编2 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 3. 英文阅读理解题
英文阅读理解题
Every artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not
only does he want to say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been
said before. He hopes the public will listen and understand—he wants to teach them,
and he wants them to learn from him. What visual artists like painters want to teach is
easy to make out but difficult to explain, because painters translate their experiences
into shapes and colors, not words. They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes
and colors, out of the countless billions possible, is exceptionally interesting for them
and worth showing to us. Without their work we should never have noticed these
particular shapes and colors, or have felt the delight which they brought to the artist.