巴西 英文版介绍
巴西自然旅游介绍英文作文
巴西自然旅游介绍英文作文英文：Brazil is a country full of natural wonders, making it a perfect destination for nature lovers. From the Amazon rainforest to the beautiful beaches, there is something for everyone to enjoy.One of the most popular natural attractions in Brazilis the Amazon rainforest. It is home to thousands of species of plants and animals, making it a must-see for any nature enthusiast. Visitors can take a guided tour through the jungle, where they can see exotic animals such as monkeys, sloths, and jaguars.Another natural wonder in Brazil is the Iguazu Falls, located on the border with Argentina. The falls are over 80 meters high and are surrounded by lush greenery. Visitors can take a boat ride underneath the falls for a truly thrilling experience.For those who prefer the beach, Brazil has some of the most beautiful beaches in the world. Copacabana and Ipanema in Rio de Janeiro are two of the most famous beaches, where visitors can enjoy the sun, sand, and surf.Overall, Brazil is a nature lover's paradise. With its diverse landscapes and natural wonders, there is always something new to discover.中文：巴西是一个充满自然奇观的国家，是自然爱好者的完美旅游目的地。
巴西合作与投资便利化协定 英文版 COOPERATION AND FACILITATION INVESTMENT AGREEMENT
COOPERATION AND FACILITATION INVESTMENT AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL ANDThe Federative Republic of Braziland(hereinafter designated as the “Parties”or individually as “Party”),PREAMBLEWishing to strengthen and to enhance the bonds of friendship and the spirit of continuous cooperation between the Parties;Seeking to create and maintain favourable conditions for the investments of investors of a Party in the territory of the other Party;Seeking to stimulate, streamline and support bilateral investments, thus opening new integration opportunities between the Parties;Recognizing the essential role of investment in promoting sustainable development;Considering that the establishment of a strategic partnership between the Parties in the area of investment will bring wide-ranging and mutual benefits;Recognizing the importance of fostering a transparent and friendly environment for investments by investors of the Parties;Reassuring their regulatory autonomy and policy space;Wishing to encourage and strengthen contacts between the private sectors and the Governments of the two countries; andSeeking to create a mechanism for technical dialogue and foster government initiatives that may contribute to a significant increase in mutual investment;Agree, in good faith, to the following Cooperation and Facilitation Investment Agreement, hereinafter referred to as “Agreement”, as follows:PART I – Scope of the Agreement and DefinitionsArticle 1Objective1.The objective of this Agreement is to promote cooperation between the Parties in order to facilitate and encourage mutual investment, through the establishment of a an institutional framework for the management of an agenda for further investment cooperation and facilitation, as well as through mechanisms for risk mitigation and prevention of disputes, among other instruments mutually agreed on by the Parties.Article 2Scope and Coverage1. This Agreement shall apply to all investments made before or after its entry into force.2. This Agreement shall not limit the rights and benefits which an investor of a Party enjoys under national or international law in the territory of the other Party.3. For greater certainty, the Parties reaffirm that this Agreement shall apply without prejudice to the rights and obligations derived from the Agreements of the World Trade Organization.4. This agreement shall not prevent the adoption and implementation of new legal requirements or restrictions to investors and their investments, as long as they are consistent with this Agreement.Article 3Definitions1. For the purpose of this Agreement:1.1 Enterprise means: any entity constituted or organized under applicable law, whether or not for profit, whether privately owned or State--owned, including any corporation, trust, partnership, sole proprietorship, joint venture and entities without legal personality;1.2 Host State means the Party where the investment is made.1.3 Investment means a direct investment of an investor of one Party, established or acquired in accordance with the laws and regulations of the other Party, that s, directly or indirectly, allows the investor to exert control or significant degree of influence over the management of the production of goods or provision of services in the territory of the other Party, including but not limited to:a)an enterprise;b)shares, stocks, participations and other equity types in an enterprise;c) movable or immovable property and other property rights such as mortgages,liens, pledges, encumbrances or similar rights and obligations;d) concession, license or authorization granted by the Host State to the investor ofthe other Party;e) loans and debt instruments to a company:f) intellectual property rights as defined or referenced to in the Trade-RelatedAspects of Intellectual Property Rights of the World Trade Organization(TRIPS)For the purposes of this Agreement and for greater certainty, "Investment" does not include:i) an order or judgment issued as a result of a lawsuit or an administrative process;ii) debt securities issued by a Party or loans granted from a Party to the other Party,bonds, debentures, loans or other debt instruments of a State-owned enterprise of aParty that is considered to be public debt under the legislation of that Party;ii) portfolio investments, i.e., those that do not allow the investor to exert asignificant degree of influence in the management of the company; andiii) claims to money that arise solely from commercial contracts for the sale ofgoods or services by an investor in the territory of a Party to a national or anenterprise in the territory of another Party, or the extension of credit in connectionwith a commercial transaction, or any other claims to money that do not involve thekind of interests set out in sub-paragraphs (a)-(e) above.1.4 Investor means a national, permanent resident or enterprise of a Party that has made an investment in the territory of the other Party;1.5 Income means the values obtained by an investment, including profits, interests, capital gains, dividends or "royalties".1.6 Measure means any measure adopted by a Party, whether in the form of law, regulation, rule, procedure, decision, administrative ruling, or any other form.1.7 National means a natural person that has the nationality of a Party, according to its laws and regulations.1.8 Territory means the territory, including its land and aerial spaces, the exclusive economic zone, territorial sea, seabed and subsoil within which the Party exercises its sovereign rights or jurisdiction, in accordance with international law and its internal legislation.PART II – Regulatory Measures and Risk MitigationArticle 4Admission and treatment1. Each Party shall admit and encourage investments of investors of the other Party, according to their respective laws and regulations.2. Each Party shall grant to investments and investors of the other Party treatment according to the due process of law.3. In line with the principles of this Agreement, each Party shall ensure that all measures that affect investment are administered in a reasonable, objective and impartial manner, in accordance with their respective laws and regulations.Article 5National Treatment1. Without prejudice to the exceptions in force under its legislation on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, each Party shall accord to investors of another Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to its own investors with respect to the expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments in its territory.2. Without prejudice to the exceptions in force under its legislation on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, each Party shall accord to investments of investors of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to investments in its territory of its own investors with respect to the expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments.3. For greater certainty, whether treatment is accorded in ‘like circumstances’ depends on the totality of the circumstances, including whether the relevant treatment distinguishes between investors or investments on the basis of legitimate public interest objectives.4. For greater certainty, this Article shall not be construed to require any Party to compensate for any inherent competitive disadvantages which result from the foreign character of the investor or investments.Article 6Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment1. Each Party shall accord to investors of another Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to investors of any non-Party with respect to the expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments in its territory.2. Each Party shall accord to investments of investors of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to investments in its territory of investors of any non-Party with respect to the expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments.3. This Article shall not be construed to require a Party to grant to an investor of another Party or their investments the benefit of any treatment, preference or privilege arising from:(i) provisions relating to investment dispute settlement contained in an investmentagreement or an investment chapter of a commercial agreement; or(ii) any agreement for regional economic integration, free trade area, customs unionor common market, of which a Party is a member .4. For greater certainty, whether treatment is accorded in ‘like circumstances’ depends on the totality of the circumstances, including whether the relevant treatment distinguishes between investors or investments on the basis of legitimate public welfare objectives.Article 7Expropriation1. Each Party shall not directly nationalize or expropriate investments of investors of the other Party, except:a) for a public purpose or necessity or when justified as social interest;b) in a non-discriminatory manner;c) on payment of effective compensation, according to paragraphs 2 to 4; andd) in accordance with due process of law.2. The compensation shall:a) Be paid without undue delay;b) Be equivalent to the fair market value of the expropriated investment,immediately before the expropriating measure has taken place (“expropriationdate”);c) Not reflect any change in the market value due to the knowledge of theintention to expropriate, before the expropriation date; andd) Be completely payable and transferable, according to Article 9.3. The compensation to be paid shall not be inferior to the fair market value on the expropriation date, plus interests at a rate determined according to market criteria accrued since the expropriation date until the date of payment, according to the legislation of the Host State.4. The Parties shall cooperate to improve the mutual knowledge of their respective national legislations regarding investment expropriation.5. For greater certainty, this article only provides for direct expropriation, where an investment is nationalized or otherwise directly expropriated through formal transfer of title or ownership rights.Article 8Compensation for Losses1. The investors of a Party whose investments in the territory of the other Party suffer losses due to war or other armed conflict, revolution, state of emergency, insurrection, riot or any other similar events, shall enjoy, with regard to restitution, indemnity or other form of, compensation, the same treatment as the latter Party accords to its own investors or the treatment accorded to investors of a third party, whichever is more favourable to the affected investor.2. Each Party shall provide the investor restitution, compensation, or both, as appropriate, in accordance with Article 6 of this Agreement, in the event that investments suffer losses in its territory in any situation referred to in paragraph 1 resulting from:(a) requisitioning of its investment or part thereof by the forces or authorities of thelatter Party; or(b) destruction of its investment or any part thereof by the forces or authorities ofthe latter Party.Article 9Transparency1. Each Party shall ensure that its laws, regulations, procedures and general administrative resolutions related to any matter covered by this Agreement, in particular regarding qualification, licensing and certification, are published without delay and, when possible, in electronic format, as to allow interested persons of the other Party to be aware of such information.2. Each Party shall endeavour to allow reasonable opportunity to those stakeholders interested in expressing their opinions on the proposed measures.3. Whenever possible, each Party shall publicize this Agreement to their respective public and private financial agents, responsible for the technical evaluation of risks and the approval of loans, credits, guarantees and related insurances for investment in the territory of the other Party.Article 10Transfers1. Each Party shall allow that the transfer of funds related to an investment be made freely and without undue delay, to and from their territory. Such transfers include:(a) the initial capital contribution or any addition thereof in relation to themaintenance or expansion of such investment;(b) income directly related to the investment;(c) the proceeds of sale or total or partial liquidation of the investment;(d) the repayments of any loan, including interests thereon, relating directly to theinvestment;(e) the amount of a compensation.2. Without prejudice to paragraph 1, a Party may, in an equitable and non-discriminatory manner and in good faith, prevent a transfer if such transfer is prevented under its laws relating to:(a)bankruptcy, insolvency or the protection of the rights of creditors;(b)criminal infractions;(c)financial reports or maintenance of transfers' registers when necessary tocooperate with law enforcement or with financial regulators; or(d) the guarantee for the enforcement of decisions in judicial or administrativeproceedings.3.. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as to prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining temporary restrictive measures in respect of payments or transfers for current account transactions in the event of serious difficulties in the balance of payments and external financial difficulties or threat thereof.4. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as to prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining temporary restrictive measures in respect of payments or transfers related to capital movements:(a) in the case of serious difficulties in the balance of payments or externalfinancial difficulties or threat thereof; or(b) where, in exceptional circumstances, payments or transfers from capitalmovements generate or threaten to generate serious difficulties for macroeconomicmanagement.5. The adoption of temporary restrictive measures to transfers if there are serious difficulties in the balance of payments in the cases described in paragraphs 1 and 2, must be non-discriminatory and in accordance with the Articles of the Agreement of the International Monetary Fund.Article 11Tax Measures1. No provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted as an obligation of one Party to give to an investor from the other Party, concerning his or her investments, the benefit of any treatment, preference or privilege arising out of any agreement to avoid double taxation, current or future, of which a Party to this Agreement is a party or becomes a party.2. No provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in a manner that prevents the adoption or implementation of any measure aimed at ensuring the equitable or effective imposition or collection of taxes, according to the Parties´ respective laws and regulations, so long as such a measure is not applied as to constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction.Article 12Prudential Measures1. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining prudential measures, such as:(a)the protection of investors, depositors, financial market participants, policy-holders,policy-claimants, or persons to whom a fiduciary duty is owed by a financial institution;(b)the maintenance of the safety, soundness, integrity or financial responsibility of financialinstitutions; and(c)ensuring the integrity and stability of a Party's financial system.2. Where such measures do not conform with the provisions of this Agreement, they shall not be used as a means of circumventing the commitments or obligations of the Party under this Agreement.Article 13Security Exceptions1. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining measures aimed at preserving its national security or public order, or to apply the provisions of their criminal laws or comply with its obligations regarding the maintenance of international peace and security in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Charter.2. Measures adopted by a Party under paragraph 1 of this Article or the decision based on national security laws or public order that at any time prohibit or restrict the realization of an investment in its territory by an investor of another Party shall not be subject to the dispute settlement mechanism under this Agreement.Article 14Corporate Social Responsibility1. Investors and their investment shall strive to achieve the highest possible level of contribution to the sustainable development of the Host State and the local community, through the adoption of a high degree of socially responsible practices, based on the voluntary principles and standards set out in this Article.2. The investors and their investment shall endeavour to comply with the following voluntary principles and standards for a responsible business conduct and consistent with the laws adopted by the Host State receiving the investment:a) Contribute to the economic, social and environmental progress, aiming atachieving sustainable development;b) Respect the internationally recognized human rights of those involved in thecompanies’ activitie s;c) Encourage local capacity building through close cooperation with the localcommunity;d) Encourage the creation of human capital, especially by creating employmentopportunities and offering professional training to workers to;e) Refrain from seeking or accepting exemptions that are not established in thelegal or regulatory framework relating to human rights, environment, health,security, work, tax system, financial incentives, or other issues;f) Support and advocate for good corporate governance principles, and developand apply good practices of corporate governance;g) Develop and implement effective self-regulatory practices and managementsystems that foster a relationship of mutual trust between the companies and thesocieties in which its operations are conducted;h) Promote the knowledge of and the adherence to, by workers, the corporatepolicy, through appropriate dissemination of this policy, including programs forprofessional training;i) Refrain from discriminatory or disciplinary action against employees whosubmit grave reports to the board or, whenever appropriate, to the competentpublic authorities, about practices that violate the law or corporate policy;j) Encourage, whenever possible, business associates, including service providers and outsources, to apply the principles of business conduct consistent with theprinciples provided for in this Article; andk) Refrain from any undue interference in local political activities.Article 15Investment Measures and Combating Corruption and Illegality1. Each Party shall adopt measures and make efforts to prevent and fight corruption, money laundering and terrorism financing with regard to matters covered by this Agreement, in accordance with its laws and regulations.2. Nothing in this Agreement shall require any Party to protect investments made with capital or assets of illicit origin or investments in the establishment or operation of which illegal acts have been demonstrated to occur and for which national legislation provides asset forfeiture.Article 16Provisions on Investment and Environment, Labor Affairs and Health1. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent a Party from adopting, maintaining or enforcing any measure it deems appropriate to ensure that investment activity in its territory is undertaken in a manner according to labor, environmental and health legislations of that Party, provided that this measure is not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction.2. The Parties recognize that it is inappropriate to encourage investment by lowering the standards of their labor and environmental legislation or measures of health. Therefore, each Party guarantees it shall not amend or repeal, nor offer the amendment or repeal of such legislation to encourage the establishment, maintenance or expansion of an investment in itsterritory, to the extent that such amendment or repeal involves decreasing their labor, environmental or health standards. If a Party considers that another Party has offered such an encouragement, the Parties will address the issue through consultations.PART III- Institutional Governance and Dispute PreventionArticle 17Joint Committee for the Administration of the Agreement1. For the purpose of this Agreement, the Parties hereby establish a Joint Committee for the administration of this Agreement (hereinafter referred as “Joint Committee”).2. This Joint Committee shall be composed of government representatives of both Parties designated by their respective Governments.3. The Joint Committee shall meet at such times, in such places and through such means as the Parties may agree. Meetings shall be held at least once a year, with alternating chairmanships between the Parties.4. The Joint Committee shall have the following functions and responsibilities:a) Supervise the implementation and execution of this Agreement;b) Discuss and divulge opportunities for the expansion of mutual investment;c) Coordinate the implementation of the mutually agreed cooperation andfacilitation agendas;d) Consult with the private sector and civil society, when applicable, on theirviews on specific issues related to the work of the Joint Committee;e) Seek to resolve any issues or disputes concerning investments of investors of aParty in an amicable manner; andf) Supplement the rules for arbitral dispute settlement between the Parties.5. The Parties may establish ad hoc working groups, which shall meet jointly or separately from the Joint Committee.6. The private sector may be invited to participate in the ad hoc working groups, whenever authorized by the Joint Committee.7. The Joint Committee shall establish its own rules of procedure.Article 18Focal Points or “Ombudsmen”1. Each Party shall designate a National Focal Point, or “Ombudsm a n”, which shall have as its main responsibility the support for investor from the other Party in its territory.2. In Brazil, the “Ombudsman”/National Focal Point shall be within the Chamber of Foreign Trade – CAMEX1.3. In, the “Ombudsman”/National Focal Point shall be .4. The National Focal Point, among other responsibilities, shall:a) Endeavour to follow the recommendations of the Joint Committee and interactwith the National Focal Point of the other Party, in accordance with thisAgreement;b) Follow up on requests and enquiries of the other Party or of investors of theother Party with the competent authorities and inform the stakeholders on theresults of its actions;c) to assess, in consultation with relevant government authorities, suggestions andcomplaints received from the other Party or investors of the other Party andrecommend, as appropriate, actions to improve the investment environment;d) seek to prevent differences in investment matters, in collaboration withgovernment authorities and relevant private entities;e) Provide timely and useful information on regulatory issues on generalinvestment or on specific projects; andf) Report its activities and actions to the Joint Committee, when appropriate.5. Each Party shall determine time limits for the implementation of each of its functions and responsibilities, which will be communicated to the other Party.6. Each Party shall designate a single agency or authority as its National Focal Point, which shall give prompt replies to notifications and requests by the Government and investors from the other Party.Article 19Exchange of Information between Parties1.The Parties shall exchange information, whenever possible and relevant to reciprocal investments, concerning business opportunities, procedures, and requirements for investment, particularly through the Joint Committee and its National Focal Points.2. For this purpose, the Party shall provide, when requested, in a timely fashion and with respect for the level of protection granted, information related, in particular, to the following items:a) Regulatory conditions for investment;b) Governmental programs and possible related incentives;1 The Chamber of Foreign Trade (CAMEX) is part of the Government Council of the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil. Its main body is the Council of Ministers, which is an interministerial body.c) Public policies and legal frameworks that may affect investment;d) Legal framework for investment, including legislation on the establishment ofcompanies and joint ventures;e) Related international treaties;f) Customs procedures and tax regimes;g) Statistical information on the market for goods and services;h) Available infrastructure and public services;i) Governmental procurement and public concessions;j) Social and labour requirements;k) Immigration legislation;l) Currency exchange legislation;m) Information on legislation of specific economic sectors or segments previously identified by the Parties; andn) Regional projects and agreements related to on investment.3. The Parties shall also exchange information on Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), especially through greater transparency and quick access to the information on the legislation.Article 20Treatment of Protected Information1. The Parties shall respect the level of protection of information provided by the submitting Party, according to the respective national legislation on the matter.2. None of the provisions of the Agreement shall be construed to require any Party to disclose protected information, the disclosure of which would jeopardize law enforcement or otherwise be contrary to the public interest or would violate the privacy or harm legitimate business interests. For the purposes of this paragraph, protected information includes confidential business information or information considered privileged or protected from disclosure under the applicable laws of a Party.Article 21Interaction with the Private SectorRecognizing the key role played by the private sector, the Parties shall publicize, among the relevant business sectors, general information on investment, regulatory frameworks and business opportunities in the territory of the other Party.Article 22Cooperation between Agencies Responsible for Investment PromotionThe Parties shall promote cooperation between their investment promotion agencies in order to facilitate investment in the territory of the other Party.Article 23Disputes Prevention1. The National Focal Points, or “Ombudsmen”, shall act in coordination with each other and with the Joint Committee in order to prevent, manage and resolve any disputes between the Parties.2. Before initiating an arbitration procedure, in accordance with Article 24 of this Agreement, any dispute between the Parties shall be the object of consultations and negotiations between the Parties and be previously examined by the Joint Committee.3. A Party may submit a specific question and call a meeting of the Joint Committee according to the following rules:a) to initiate the procedure, the interested Party must submit a written request tothe other Party, specifying the name of the affected investors, the specificmeasure in question, and the findings of fact and law underlying the request.The Joint Committee shall meet within sixty (60) days from the date of therequest;b) The Joint Committee shall have 60 days, extendable by mutual agreement by 60additional days, upon justification, to evaluate the relevant information aboutthe presented case and to submit a report. The report shall include:i) Identification of the Party;ii) Identification of the affected investors, as presented by the Parties;iii) Description of the measure under consultation; andiv) Conclusions of the consultations between the Parties;.c) In order to facilitate the search for a solution between the Parties, wheneverpossible, the following persons shall participate in the bilateral meeting:i) Representatives of the affected investors;ii) Representatives of the governmental or non-governmental entities involved in the measure or situation under consultation.d) The procedure for dialogue and bilateral consultations may be concluded byany Party, after the sixty (60) days referred to in subparagraph b). The JointCommittee shall present its report in the subsequent meeting of the JointCommittee, which shall be held no later than fifteen (15) days after the date of。
巴西卫生部原料和中间体要求_中英文版
巴西卫生部原料药与中间体GMP巴西 GMP简介1、巴西GMP是在Q7A的基础上建立起来的。
Q7A是ICH对原料药生产的指导性文件。
ICH（人用药品注册技术要求国际协调会议）由三个地区的代表组成，即欧盟、美国和日本。
ICH指导文件是三方公认的国际标准，同时ICH指导文件也日益成为国际上公认的药品注册技术标准。
巴西GMP沿用了Q7A的基本原则与框架，大致内容也与其相同，但是，巴西GMP也融入了巴西卫生部对GMP的理解与要求，使之比Q7A更具体、更严格。
2、巴西GMP与中国GMP的比较中国没有单独针对原料药生产的GMP要求，现行98年修订版GMP，内容过于简单，版本过于陈旧，两者差距非常大，不可同日而语。
3、巴西GMP基本框架第一部分：说明GMP是质量管理体系的一种；指明质量管理的基本原则与职责。
（第一章至第二章）。
第二部分：对影响产品质量的6要素（5M1E）提出具体要求；对贯穿于所有方面的文件管理提出具体要求。
（第三章至第八章）第三部分：对药品生产质量管理的其它几个重要方面提出具体要求。
（第九章至第十七章）巴西卫生部原料药与中间品 GMP第一章一般考虑1.1 企业资质文件齐全，经常受到药监部门的检查。
（要准备：药监部门的检查记录与报告）1.2 原料药生产应遵循该法规。
1.3 生产企业应保证产品符合既定质量。
1.4 质量保证、质量控制、GMP是密切相关的三个概念。
1.5 生产企业对产品质量负责。
1.6 要有齐全的证据标明：企业在影响产品质量的各个方面实行了GMP管理。
1.7 生物制品应从工作种子库的维护工序就开始要求GMP管理。
2.质量管理QUALITY MANAGEMENT质量管理决定和执行公司的质量方针,即与质量有关的总体方向和目标,其管理职能由公司的高级管理层正式宣布并授权。
quality Management is the aspect of management function that determines and implements the “Quality Policy”, i.e., the overall intentions and directions related to quality, formally expressed and authorized by the firm high management.2.1 原则Principles2.1.1 公司的所有人员对质量负有责任。
巴西-英文版介绍
Samba
The samba is known as Brazil's national dance which originated in African slaves.
Football kingdom --- Brazil
球王Pele[pi:l]贝利
Ronaldo[rɔ Cup was held in Brazil
The 2016 Olympic Games will be held in Rio ,Brazil.
2016里约奥运会宣传片《Together》[视频]_界面新闻.mp4
Two large terrain
Amazon
['æməzən]
plain [pleɪn]
亚马逊平原
Plateau [ˈplætəʊ] 高原
亚马孙河
[lʌŋ] 肺
The Amazon river is the great river on Earth.It is one of the world`s greatest rainforests and it is longer than any river but the Nile. [ˈreinfɔrists]热带雨林
亚马孙雨林
伊瓜苏大瀑布
Iguazu Falls
Corcovado Mountain 科尔科瓦多山
beach [biːtʃ]
亚马孙雨林
banana
sugarcane
coffee
Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer.
Brizilian Churrascos 巴西烤肉
The Brazil carnival is known as the world`s largest Carnival，it is called “the greatest show of the world” 。 In February of each year， held three days in mid or late。 Every year attracts millions of tourists from home and abroad.
巴西经济金融贸易报告英文版
ECONOMY, FINANCE AND TRADE: BRAZILEuromonitor InternationalMay 2017LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLESSWOT analysis (1)Chart 1SWOT Analysis: Brazil (1)Chart 2Economic Overview: Brazil (1)Economic Landscape (2)Brazil Is Emerging From Two Prolonged Years of Severe Recession (2)Chart 3Case Study on Economic Landscape: Brazil (3)Chart 4Economic Landscape of Brazil (3)Monetary Indicators (4)Key Interest Rate was Cut for the First Time in Four Years in October 2016 (4)Chart 5Monetary Indicators in Brazil (5)Imports (5)New Trade Deals Could Enhance Trade Profile (5)Chart 6Import Profile of Brazil (6)Exports (6)A Rebound in Exports Is Expected in 2017 (6)Chart 7Export Profile of Brazil (7)Investments (7)Brazil was Latin America’s Largest Recipient of FDI Inflows in 2015 (8)Chart 8Case Study on Investments: Brazil (8)Chart 9Investment Profile of Brazil (8)Government Finance (9)Budget Deficit in 2016 Stood at the Highest Level Ever (9)Chart 10Government Finances in Brazil (9)Regional Comparison (10)Chart 11Brazil vs. Latin America and Selected Economies (10)ECONOMY, FINANCE AND TRADE: BRAZILBrazil is expected to emerge out of two prolonged years of recession in 2017. However, the country is expected to continue to suffer from anaemic economic growth, weakening consumer demand, and deteriorating public finances. The country continued to be the largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Latin America in 2015. High corruption and low levels of investments undermine future economic prospects.SWOT ANALYSISChart 1 SWOT Analysis: BrazilSource: Euromonitor InternationalChart 2 Economic Overview: BrazilSource: Euromonitor International from national statistics/IMF/OECD/UN/World Bank/International Energy Association (IEA)/World Economic Outlook (WEO)/International Labour Organisation (ILO)Note: Data for 2017 to 2020 are forecastsECONOMIC LANDSCAPEBrazil Is Emerging From Two Prolonged Years of Severe Recession Brazil stood at the ninth largest economy globally, in US$ terms, in 2016. After having suffered two prolonged years of severe recession, the Brazilian economy will recover at a veryslow pace from 2017 onwards:▪After witnessing the worst ever recession in 25 years in 2015, the Brazilian economy contracted by 3.6% in 2016. The fall in commodity prices, severe political turmoil that resulted in the ousting of President Dilma Rousseff in August 2016, and depressed government finances caused investment and consumption to plunge;▪Brazil’s services sector accounted for 71.0% of gross value added (GVA) in 2016. The Summer Olympics in 2016 boosted Brazil’s tourism receipts in 2016, but soaring expenses associated with the Games are thought to have far surpassed the budget. The fear of the Zika virus still discourages visitors, hampering the tourism sector;▪Brazil’s economy is expect ed to grow feebly in 2017. Very high levels of corporate debt, unemployment and the weak balance sheets of households will continue to undermine Brazil’s growth potential. A deepening corruption scandal and falling investment could still cripple the economy.Chart 3 Case Study on Economic Landscape: BrazilSource: Euromonitor InternationalChart 4 Economic Landscape of BrazilSource: Euromonitor International from national statistics/OECD/UN/IMF (WEO)Notes: (1) Wholesale & Retail Trade includes Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods.(2) Financial Intermediation includes Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities.(3) Public Administration includes Defence and Compulsory Social Security.(4) Education, Health & Social Work includes Other Community, Social & Personal Service Activities.(5) Data for 2017 is forecastMONETARY INDICATORSKey Interest Rate was Cut for the First Time in Four Years in October 2016Declining inflation has given more room for Brazil’s central bank to accelerate monetary easing:▪Inflation surged in the 2011-2016 period, temporarily peaking at its 12-year high level of 9.0% in 2015, owing to a faster growth in prices of electricity and rising cost of imports (due to the continued depreciation of the Brazilian real). Nonetheless, annual inflation is expected to plunge to below 5.0% in 2017, due to lower inflation of imported goods and the caps on electricity prices set by the government in December 2016;▪Between October 2016 and April 2017, Brazil’s Central Bank cut its key interest rate five times by 300 basis points in total to reach 11.25%, thanks to slowing inflation and weaker thanexpected economic growth rates;▪Brazil has a managed floating exchange rate regime. Deepening economic and political crises, and large capital flight (caused by the interest rate hike in the USA) caused the Brazilian real to depreciate against major currencies over 2011-2016. However, the currency is expected to perform well in 2017, driven by speculation that the new government will spur economic growth.Chart 5 Monetary Indicators in BrazilSource: Euromonitor International from national statistics/OECD/UN/IMFNotes: Data for 2017 is forecastIMPORTSNew Trade Deals Could Enhance Trade ProfileOn the back of the substantial depreciation of the Brazilian real, coupled with depressed domestic demand, total goods imports declined markedly by 39.2% (in US$ terms) over 2011-2016:▪In order to support its huge manufacturing sector and consumer market, Brazil’s largest import category in 2016 was ‘Machinery and Electrical’ that accounted for more than a quarter of total goods imports;Brazil has been actively seeking new free trade agreements (FTAs) to boost its exports and trade relations. In January 2017, Mercosur (a trading group formed between selected Latin American countries) and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) launched the negotiation process for a FTA, offering Brazil access to one of the wealthiest markets globally. The Mercosur and the United Kingdom (UK) are planning to sign a FTA after the latter leaves the European Union (EU). Brazil plans on strengthen its trade relations with Mexico, given President Trump’s plans to increase tariffs on Mexican imports.Chart 6 Import Profile of BrazilSource: Euromonitor International from IMF, Direction of Trade StatisticsEXPORTSA Rebound in Exports Is Expected in 2017Brazil’s exports contracted by 27.6% (in US$ ter ms) over 2011-2016, owing to continued deceleration of the Chinese economy, lower domestic output, and falling commodity prices:▪‘Vegetable Products’ and ‘Mineral Products’ were Brazil’s two largest export categories in 2016, together accounting for nearly half of total goods exports, thanks to its vast natural resources and mineral wealth. According to trade sources, Brazil continues to be the largest exporter of sugar, coffee and orange juice globally;▪Between 2011 and 2016, the current account deficit temporarily peaked at 4.2% of GDP in 2014, partly owing to substantial growth in remittance outflows, the worsening of both primary and secondary income balances, and a contraction in exports. However, a more pronounced contraction in imports than exports, an improvement in the primary income balance, and relatively higher growth in remittance inflows than in outflows narrowed Brazil’s current-account-deficit-to-GDP ratio in 2015 and 2016.Chart 7 Export Profile of BrazilSource: Euromonitor International from national statistics/OECD/IMF/IFS/WEO/Direction of Trade Statistics Note: Data for 2017 is forecastINVESTMENTSBrazil was Latin America’s Largest Recipient of FDI Inflows in 2015Soft commodity prices, coupled with severe political and economic crises, heavily weighed on Brazil’s business confidence, causing subdued growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows over 2011-2015 (latest data available). The corruption scandal at state-run oil company Petrobras has made the oil sector less appealing to investors:▪Following a sizeable contraction in GDP, FDI intensity surged from 2.1% of GDP in 2013 to 3.6% in 2015;▪Contraction in economic activity and investment levels led to the fall in Gross Fixed Capital Formation over 2011-2016. However, in order to stimulate the economy, the government in June 2015 launched an infrastructure package worth US$64.0 billion; a third of the amount will be spent by 2018 and the rest will be rolled out gradually commencing from 2019;▪Brazil has generally open policies towards FDI, but some sectors (including health, telecommunications and mass media) impose restrictions on foreign investment.Chart 8 Case Study on Investments: BrazilSource: Euromonitor InternationalChart 9 Investment Profile of BrazilSource: Euromonitor International from national statistics/OECD/UN/IMF/IFSNote: Data for 2017 is forecastGOVERNMENT FINANCEBudget Deficit in 2016 Stood at the Highest Level EverDespite the government’s severe austerity measures, Brazil recorded a new record high general government net budget deficit of 10.2% of GDP in 2016, owing to a continued fall in tax revenue due to growing levels of unemployment and high spending on the Rio Olympics 2016.A constitutional amendment to limit public outlay was passed in late 2016:▪Over 2011-2016, public debt markedly increased and remains very high, owing to large public borrowing costs and depreciation of the Brazilian real;▪Brazilians aged 65+ accounted for only 8.1% of the total population in 2016, but they are expected to nearly double to 13.5% by 2030. The old-age dependency ratio will accordingly increase from 11.7% in 2016 to 19.9% by 2030. Given that the country has no minimum retirement age and a very generous pension system, these factors are putting pressure on already strained public finances.Chart 10 Government Finances in BrazilSource: Euromonitor International from national statistics/IMF/OECD REGIONAL COMPARISONChart 11 Brazil vs. Latin America and Selected EconomiesNote: Data for 2017 is forecast。
世界之最英文版
最大的海:珊瑚海(479万多平方公里).Biggest sea: Coral sea (more than 4,790,000 square kilometers).最小的海:马尔马拉海smallest sea: Mar Mala sea盐度最高的海:红海,也是最年轻的海salinity highest sea: Red Sea, also is the youngest sea盐度最低的海:波罗的海salinity lowest sea: Baltic Sea岛屿最多的海:爱琴海Islands most seas: Aegean Sea最著名的涌潮:钱塘江潮Most famous tide surge: Qiantang River tide最大的洋:太平洋,也是最深的,水温最高的,Biggest ocean: Pacific Ocean, also is deepest, watertemperature highest最小的洋:北冰洋Smallest ocean: Arctic最大的洋流:西风漂流,也是最大的寒流Biggest ocean current: Westerly wind drift, also is the biggest coldcurrent 最大的暖流:墨西哥暖流Biggest warm current: Mexican warm current面积最大的群岛:马来群岛Area biggest archipelago: Malay Archipelago最高的岛屿:新几内亚岛High islands: New guinea island最长的海峡:莫桑比克海峡Longest channel: Mozambique channel最深的海峡:德雷克海峡,也是最宽的海峡Deepest channel: Drake channel, also is the widest channel最曲折的海峡:麦哲伦海峡Most winding channel: Magellan channel船只通过最多的海峡:英吉利海峡The ships pass most channels: English Channel石油运输最繁忙的海峡:霍尔木兹海峡Petroleum transport busiest channel: Hormuz channel最深的海沟:马里亚纳海沟11034Deepest oceanic trench: Mali Asia natrium oceanic trench11,034最大的珊瑚礁:大堡礁Biggest coral reef: Big barrier reef最长的山系:科迪勒拉山系Longest mountain system: Branch Diller pulls the mountain system最高的山峰:珠穆朗玛峰Highest mountain peak: Mount Everes喷发次数最多的火山:埃特纳火山Outline most complete volcano: Horse glory volcano, next MountFuji最大的高原:巴西高原(500多万平方公里).Biggest plateau: Brazilian plateau (more than 500 10,000 squarekilometers). 最高的高原:青藏高原(4000米以上).Highest plateau: Qinghai-Tibet Plain (above 4,000 meters).最大的平原:亚马孙平原(560万平方公里).Biggest plain: Amazon plain (560 ten thousand squarekilometers)最大的盆地:刚果盆地,Biggest basin: Congo basin,最低的洼地:死海,Lowest marsh land: Dead sea,最大的沙漠:撒哈拉沙漠,Biggest desert: Sahara Desert,最大的流动沙漠:塔克拉干沙漠Biggest mobile desert: The tower carat does the desert最大的黄土地貌区:黄土高原Biggest loess landform area: Loess plateau最长的河流峡谷:雅鲁藏布大峡谷Longest rivers canyon: Yalu Tibet cloth Grand Canyon,最长的裂谷带:东非大裂谷(长6000公里).Longest rift valley belt: East Africa Great Rift Valley (long6,000 kilometers).流量最大的河流:亚马孙河Current capacity biggest rivers: Amazon River,最长的内流河:伏尔加河Longest inland river: V olga River,含沙量最大的河流:黄河Silt content biggest rivers: Yellow River最长的运河:京杭大运河,Longest canal: Beijing Hangzhou University canal,最深的湖泊:贝加尔湖,Deepest lake: Lake Baikal,最大的淡水湖:苏比利尔湖Biggest fresh water lake: Souby Leir lake最大的咸水湖:里海Biggest salt water lake: The Caspian Sea最宽的瀑布:非洲赞比西河上的莫西奥图尼亚瀑布1800米Widest waterfall: In African Zambezi river not west Austriachart Nepal Asia waterfall 1,800 meters最高的瀑布:南美委内瑞拉东部奥里诺科河支流上的安赫尔瀑布980米,Highest waterfall: East South America Venezuela on Austria Renobranch river branch Anheer waterfall 980 meters,最低气温记录:南极洲东方站,-88.3℃Lowest temperature recording: Antarctica East station, -88.3℃能源消耗最多的国家:美国The energy consumes most countries: US石油产量最多的国家:俄罗斯Petroleum output most countries: Russia产油最多的地区:中东地区Produces oil most areas: Mideast煤炭储量最多的国家:俄罗斯Coal reserves most countries: Russia黄金储量最多的国家:南非Gold reserves most countries: South African,。
世界十大国家英文版
世界十大国家英文版English:The top ten largest countries in the world by land area are: Russia, Canada, China, United States, Brazil, Australia, India, Argentina, Kazakhstan, and Algeria. Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Canada follows closely behind in second place, with its vast stretches of wilderness and natural beauty. China is the third largest country and the most populous, home to over billion people. The United States ranks fourth in terms of land area, with diverse landscapes and climates across its 50 states. Brazil is the fifth largest country and boasts the Amazon Rainforest, the largest tropical rainforest in the world. Australia's unique flora and fauna make it the sixth largest country, while India, with its rich cultural heritage, is the seventh largest. Argentina, known for its tango and beef, ranks eighth in land area, followed by Kazakhstan, the ninth largest country. Lastly, Algeria rounds out the top ten, with its expansive Sahara Desert and Mediterranean coastline.中文翻译:世界上土地面积最大的十个国家分别是：俄罗斯、加拿大、中国、美国、巴西、澳大利亚、印度、阿根廷、哈萨克斯坦和阿尔及利亚。
巴西药品验厂标准中英文版
巴西药品验厂标准中英文版随着全球化的加速和互联网的普及，药品的生产和流通已变得更加国际化。
为保障药品质量和安全，各国政府及国际组织发布了相关标准和规范，其中就包括各国的药品验厂标准。
本文将介绍巴西的药品验厂标准及其中英文版。
一、巴西药品验厂标准简介巴西药品验厂标准（GMP）由巴西国家卫生监管机构（ANVISA）制定，旨在规范药品生产企业的生产质量管理体系，保证生产的药品符合质量要求。
GMP包括药品生产、质控、生产车间、设备、清洁和消毒、人员、文件管理等方面，对药品生产一环环的环节进行了详细而全面的规范。
根据巴西药品验厂标准，药品生产企业应当遵守以下规定：1. 药品生产应当从原材料到成品整个生产过程全部有记录，详细记录每一批次的物料来源和生产过程，确保生产过程的可追溯性。
2. 企业应当设定质量目标，并建立质量管理体系，实行规范化的操作程序，确保生产的药品符合质量要求。
3. 药品生产现场应当设置清洁区、半清洁区和不洁区，在不同的区域内进行物料的存储和处理，以确保药品的生产环境清洁，并防止杂质、粉尘和微生物污染。
4. 生产车间应当实行定期消毒，设备应当进行维护和检修，并负责人员应当经过严格的培训和考核，以确保药品的生产过程符合标准。
5. 药品生产企业应当建立完善的文档管理制度，确保所有的记录和报告与药品生产相关的信息得到妥善的记录和保存，方便随时查阅和复查。
二、巴西药品验厂标准的中英文版为帮助国内药品生产企业了解巴西药品验厂标准，以下是GMP的中英文版原文：中文版：1. 规范化制造1.1 企业应确保药品生产符合质量管理标准，以确保药品质量。
1.2 企业应建立质量管理体系，明确质量目标、质量政策。
1.3 企业应制定目标和质量计划，监控和管理质量，确保符合质量要求。
1.4 企业应建立并完善质量管理文件，包括：制造规程、质量记录和报告。
2. 生产环境2.1 企业应确保药品生产环境符合卫生要求，不产生杂质和微生物污染。
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球王贝利
罗纳尔多
卡卡
亚马孙雨林
巴西野人（Wild Brazil）
sisal
banana
sugarcane
coffee
Brizilian Churrascos 巴西烤肉
每逢家宴，外出野餐，都少不了烤肉。据说，巴西烤 肉发源于巴西最南端的州Rio Grande do Sul，相传当地 以放牧为生的高卓人经常聚集在篝火旁，烘烤大块的牛肉 分而食之，这种烧烤方法传播开来，成为巴西独特的美食。 因为巴西烧烤不同于一般的烧烤，它品种丰富而且原 材料非常考究，专业的烧烤厨师将大块大块的鲜牛肉、羊 排、羊腿、牛排、圣诞火腿等放入烤架，一圈圈的铁链在 齿轮的带动下匀速转动，使食物在炭火上均匀受热，烤出 来的味道棒极了。然后，餐厅里的“牛仔男孩”将大块的 烤肉现场分切给顾客，并告诉你该配什么调味品，这时每 个人的胃口都会随整个餐厅的气氛活跃起来，男士们大口 吃着烤肉，喝着生啤，沉浸在快乐狂野的巴西美味中。
亚马孙雨林
伊瓜苏大瀑布
Iguazu Falls
Iguazu Falls,Argentina and Brazil-Legend has it that a god created these falls in order for some desperate lovers to plummet into them eternally.
Samba
The samba is known as Brazil's national dance which originated in African slaves.
Unrestrained samba
Football kingdom --- Brazil
Brazil due to the whole country of the good results achieved by the love of football and the men and women national team in the World Series, the "reputation of the football kingdom. 巴西由于举国上下对足球的喜爱和及其男女国 家队在世界大赛中取得的好成绩，有“足球王国” 之美誉。 Brazil almost everyone is a fan of the Brazilian said with a smile "not football, people do not understand football when on the Brazilian President, not a high support rate. 巴西几乎人人都是球迷，巴西人笑称“不会足 球、不懂足球的人是当不上巴西总统的，也得不 到高支持率”。
Card wine is the national spirit of Brazil, to produce more than 500 years of history, is one of the five famous in the world.
卡 沙 萨 酒
Black beans is indispensable to life in Brazil. It is good for the body ,good metabolism.
Guarana 瓜拉那
sti
mate
马黛茶
Yerba mate is a natural stimulant like coffee .However unlike coffee it helps sleep by virtue of its relaxing properties and generally helps achieve an overall sense of well being.
Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station伊泰普水电站
The largest hydropower station:Brazil and Paraguay to build the Itaipu Hydropower Station 1260 kilowatts,in2009,the first of the Three Gorges.
——make up with Portugal folk song、game and Africa changgo、dance
——The original is the
European Catholic Festival
——Originated in the United Kingdom
The Brazil Carnival
现代型相册
哥伦比亚
委内瑞拉 圭亚那 苏里南 法属圭亚那
秘鲁 玻利维亚 阿 根 廷 巴拉圭
乌拉圭
Two large terrain
The Amazon plain
（1/3）
Brazil Plateau
（2/3）
亚马孙河
The Amazon river is the great river on Earth.It is one of the world`s greatest rainforests and it is longer than any river but the Nile.
The Brazil carnival is known as the world`s largest Carnival，it is called “the greatest show of the world” 。 In February of each year， held three days in mid or late。 Every year attracts millions of tourists from home and abroad.