托福、GRE呕心沥血整理写作黄金替换词汇

能用动词尽量不用名词，用肯定形式表达否定，不用notI failed to come.in fact= but=Actually= virtually动词词组：enhance our efficiencygo about our everyday livesrun out of the difficultyfulfill one’s purposes( the achievement of one’s personal fulfillment)keep abreast of the latest fashion trendcater to public tastecopyright and patent law动词:事进步、提高: enrich, enhance, upgrade, be on the upgrade, refine, ameliorate, remedy, revise，heighten, promote, upgrade增长：increase, rise, extend(life, scale), magnify image, fall, amplify the signal/current, aggrandize, intensify, prolong, strengthen, raise, boost, expand trade, augment income, enlarge, maximize profits, the problems multiple, strengthen one’s persevere and resolveintensify their effort to…减少：decrease, reduce, shrink the profits, terminate, the anger abates,abatement, diminish, dwindle, slump, curtail immigration/spending, lessen/minimize the risk of, the enthusiasm wanes, revenues/price plummet缓和：alleviate the problem, palliate the difficulty， ease the stress人+：foster the individual’s, society’s and even the humanity’s future development and prosperityfoster social skills and team spiritsbroaden our vision, outlook, ken, interests expand one’s mental horizon cultivate full-blown market of ideas, a broad spectrum of opinionsget closer to the truthincubate an enduring love of artinspire the wits and potentialdevelop the sense of belonging and togetherness是：served mostly to用： apply A to B, make full/better use of…, tap, harness有：acquire, possess attributes/emotion/trait, harbor a grudge/suspicion/thoughts of revenge, seize, grab,保持：retain, reserve得到：procure给：accord the right to vote to women表明，指出：reveal, indicate, convey, reflect, confirm, demonstrate, imply, pinpoint 证明：justify, warrant, assert, claim, contend, argue, validate, substantiate, verify, allege, affirm想：think twice, give care thought to了解：Be familiar、acquainted with, keep track with掌握：be well-informed with, master需要：find urgent demand to要求：request, demand, need, requisition, requirement导致：spark off, bring about, procure, induce, generate, give rise to, arouse, provoke, incite, kindle interest/excitement引起：invoke a set of problems传达：convey, transmit区分：distinguish, differentiate权衡：trade-off between, balance出现，产生：mushroom, gust, emerge, arouse, pop up, loom large, spring up, arise from, generate发展：mushroom, progress, blossom, trigger significant breakthrough, make its frog-leap, make headway, grow by leaps and bounds发现：dig up, uncover, unearth, encounter, reveal, disclose,膜拜：worship, adulate搁置：table, postpone解决问题：The gap embedded in the problem has been bridged successfully.curb the environmental problems/issues学习：dabble at…联系：link A negatively/positively with B, A is related to/with B, , bridge A to B， be well-knit with, be inextricable linked影响：impact, affect, A play on B, exert a profound influence on , exercise/produce a great influence on, have find its way into给：be afforded with,假设：assume, presuppose, hypothesize有效： work magic包含：contain, comprehend, embody制定：lay down, draw up,, formulate, draft, establish激发：stimulate the imagination and interest in , arouse关注、注意：concern with, keep an eye on完善：improve, perfect, consummate修改，改变：alter, amend, modify, rearrange, transform , tailor, revise撤销：cancel, revoke, countermand建立：build up, establish, set up, found消除：eliminate, clear, remove, smooth away支持：support, stand for, advocate, shore up, uphold the view反对： refuse, oppose, refute, rebuke, rebut, contrast允许：permit, allow, authorize, condone禁止：disapprove, be barred from, inhibit from, prohibit against阻碍：hinder from, obstruct, impede, hamper the action, withhold sensitive information引起注意：claim/call/attract general/public/world attention to …，merit attention 意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awake sb. to the fact 接触：be exposed to new ideas/ experience/problems作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do…, take great pains to do…/, bury one’s neck in, plunge into改变：transform sb. into …，revolutionize提供机会：provides for new avenues of获益：stand you in good stead传播、宣传：popularize , disseminate imformation发现：预测：forecast，calculateadmit: concede, confess, grant, acknowledge劝说，建议：persuade, dissuade, prevail upon, propose, suggest, recommend充满：be brimming with开始：get in on the ground floor of…, inaugurate a new policy, at the inception of…, embark on a healthy lifestyle, launch, take the initiate and solve the problem, turn over a new leaf冒险：assume a calculated risk坚持：cleave to the facts, cling to the ideas鼓励：a sense of purpose that infuses scientific researchers加：infuse enthusiasm into club吸引：满足：cater individual needs， take satisfaction in破坏：shatter one’s hope, ruin the credibility , sabotage the peace process, 威胁，危害：A is a hazard to B, jeopardize A(security, safety)起作用：give a stimulus to, bring into effect, carry into excitation, put in peace play a hands-off/indispensable role不喜欢：dislike, abhor, disgust, loath, despise, detest遵守：obey, comply, abide, follow, cling to, adhere to, hew to反抗： defy, disobey, rebel against尝试： have a go at感兴趣：be agog over规定：rule制定，颁布：enact, formulate, pass laws伴随：accompany, do along with花时间：spend much time on, dedicate more on追求：in pursuit of创造：spin off new tachnology交流：interact with赶上：overtake归因于： put the blame on挑选：single out缺乏： go short of, be wanting in参加：go in for承担：turn one’s hand to传授：impart rudimentary knowledge适应：acclimatize控制：hold in强加于：father upon养成习惯：get into the habit of敢于：have the heart to忽视：overlook, give too little care to, lose sight of忍耐：be tolerant of, put up with形容词：形容观点:--：rational/rationale, valid, well-founded, well-groundedrootless, groundless, old-fashioned, indefensible, untenable站不住脚的，precarious, clear-cut, burdensome多元的,大量的：mountainous, tremendous, enormous, manifold, abundant, various, multiple, sufficient, plentiful, copious, substantial, considerable, a huge array of少的: sparse, scarce, sporadic, inadequate越来越多的：increasing显著的： dramatic, rapid, conspicuous, radical, drastic, significant, unprecedented, notable, predominant, striking, patent, striking, outstanding+ change/advancement profound, far-reaching, ponderous +impacts influence足够的：sufficient, adequate有效的：valid, effective多变的：capricious, mutable, volatile, inconstant复杂的：sophisticated, complex, complicateddifferent: mixed, disparate, dissimilar, assorted, confliction, contrary, opposite, contradictory, distinct, distinguishable, unalike, nonidentical相互的：mutual, reciprocal重要的：play a central role, the most important cornerstone, be of prime/infinite importance, decisive, significant, momentous, considerable, essential, valuable, distinctive, weighty, vital, capital, substantial,主要的： principal, prime正确的：correct, rectify, accurate, veracious, precise, proper, undistorted, impeccable好：impeccable, meritorious（值得称赞的）,inconceivable(难以想象的) ，unprecedented （前所未有）, marking the human species, omniscient, omnipresent, distinct, wholesome有益健康,desirable, indispensable, inevitable, superb, delightful令人愉悦的, preferable更可取的, remarkable,有益的：advantageous, constructive, favorable有利的, profitable, productive approaches, conducive, beneficial, edifying, marvelous, outstanding, splendid, agreeable, delightful, immeasurable, inexpressible坏：harmful, detrimental, inefficient, limited, hazardous, baleful effects,bootless没有益处的， feckless不负责任的，无效的, pointless, injurious, adverse effect, a thoughtless remark, a vicious rumor, a malignant gossip, wretched conditions, omnipotent, pro-active constructive lifestyledangerous: perilous, hazardous, risky, adventurous, desirable+-: multi-factorial必要的：imperative可行的：a viable solution to the problem, an applicable Act in this case快：相关的：applicable， pertinent, relative, pointed不相关的： impertinent, irrelative, relevant, inapplicable, external适当的: applicable, appropriate, apt, meet, well-timed, apropos,与生俱来：indigenous, immanent, inborn, inbred独特的：inimitable style, incomparable, matchless, peerless, unique震惊的: jarring news, astonishing, astounding, jolting, startling深思熟虑的：measured, calculated, weighed, reasoned迷人的：attractive, captivating, charming, enchanting, riveting, eye-catching 普通的：accepted, widespread, universal, general, commonplace, typical, prevalent, habitual舒适的：cozy, relaxing, homely atmosphere, the affluent society, restful, serene, well-off, a roomy car有责任的：accountabledifficult: challenging, arduous, burdensome, exacting, demanding, laborious, rigorous, abstruse, bafflinginteresting: fascination, amusing, entertaining, hilarious,繁荣的：flourishing, prosperous, thriving, booming, lush, roaring, halcyon新：up-to-date, novel, something of a novelty, fresh, original, brand-new旧：outdated简单的：unchallenging, effortless可以理解的：accessible, intelligible, apprehensible, scrutable成熟的，详尽的： explicit, exhaustive, thorough, elaborate,+ plan不成熟的,草率的：half-baked， hasty, rash需要的：irreplaceable, necessary, pre-requisite, indispensable, most-needed棘手的：thorny, knotty, overbearing +problem发展的：ever-accelerated形容人：健康:wel-liking好：adorableself-conceited自大responsible, thoughtful, enterprise平易近人：down-to-earthcompetent有雄心壮志的high-flyingcreative: original, resourceful, imaginative, inspired, inventive, fertile imaginationvaliantveraciousvigorousvirtuous behaviorvisionaryveteran经验丰富的, accomplished, adept, consummate, experienced, versed, virtuousagreeable随和的do something with skill and vervecannya hopelessly inept attorneylaborious, assiduous, diligent, industriousmeticulous, conscientious谨慎认真的aspirant 上进的famous: celebrated, eminent, notable, noted, renowned, distinguished善良：charitable, considerate,负责，可靠：reliable, dependable, honest, dutiful, ethical, loyal, obedient内向：introversiveself-centered, self-contempt,人的素质：acumen,intelligence, physical strength, agility and grace, artistic creativity,mechanical skill, leadership, endurance, memory, psychological insight, the capacity for hard work—even moral strength, sensitivity, the ability to express compassion.integrity, persistency, inspiration, perseverance, discernmentcognitive skill, logic ability in order to form rigorous thoughtvalues of solidarity and resistancerational deliberation, veracious experiments, audacious creationhonesty, altruism, understanding, loyalty, being thoughtfulself-motivationquick-witted活力：vigor, vim毅力：stamina, will名词词组：跨越式发展：great-leap-forward development春运潮：spring rushparticulate matter政府：public sectorethical principlemoral valuespolitical theorya vague, inchoate notionthe tip of the iceberg名词：ability: proficiency, capability, competent, facility, faculty, qualification, potential, strength, genius, talentaction: deed, performance, effort, endeavor, a brave exploit, a massive undertaking information: detail, source, intelligence, reference, statistics标准：standard, code, benchmark，level机会、渠道：channel技能：know-how（专门技能）观点：statement, claim, declaration, conviction, persuasion, contention, assertion, notion, relative rational pointspronounce, state, pose推理：inference, reasoning, deduction缺少：a notable want of困难：adversity, rigor, hardness, obstacle, quandary, quagmire, in dire straits, throwback机会，命运：destine, fortune, with good prospects for growingcause: motivation, motive, origin, source, give a stimulus to, inspiration disadvantage: downside, hardship, drawback, handicap, impediment, liability duty: liability, obligation, obedience, allegiance, loyaltygoal: target, objective, intention, purpose, cause, motive动机, intent, aspiration, ambition风俗习惯：ritual, custom and cultural background社会：social activities/interaction/movements学习：academic study/work/education未来：build a career/future development个人：pursue personal enjoyment-doing things/dedicate more time on personal likeness 世界观：outlook in life政府：government subsidy, tangible, common good， take stronger and harsher measure 文化： cultural penetration基础：bedrock, ground work优点:strong point, merit缺点:demerit新手：greenhorn程度：肯定：Surely, utterly否定：by no means过度：overlyat each instant介词about=concerning=in regards to按照：according to, in accordance with, on the basis of, in the light of连词：and: additionally, moreoverbut: neverthelessso: thereforeor: alternatively, instead, otherwiselikewiseTo be specific,To be exact,状语：曾经at one time or another暂时 for the tome being副词：程度大：strikingly, widely, dramatically, commonly, highly, insatiably, exceedingly,extensively广泛地本质上：in nature不绝对：none: almost none, few, very few, a fraction of, with few exception of (鲜有例外), hardly any （there is hardly any）是非类In a social or ethical sense适度&过度69The speaker contends that +题目观点I concede/admit/confess that…… Admittedly, GrantedBeyond this concession, however, I find the speaker’s contention indefensible Despite of the aforementioned discussion, I feel hard-pressed to extend the notiontoo far, believing “……此处写观点”backfire有可能In all likelihood有必要：It is imperative toThis problem behoove causes the height of leaders of all levels to take seriously. 应该：be obliged to do开头：I agree with this assertion insofar as it relates to…However, when it comes to …I think that…The statement linking technology negatively with free thinking plays on recent human experience over the past century.it's tempting to believe that结尾：There is no need to retreat to a Luddite attitude to new things, but rather embrace a hopeful posture to the possibilities that technology provides for new avenues of human imagination据反例：Despite social myth to the contrary，举例：逻辑演绎a quick glance/reflection at…A quick reflection on a typical day reveals how technology has revolutionized the worldImagine the…Considering the…Consider how the digital revolution and the advent of the Internet has allowed for an unprecedented exchange of ideas.How about…?In order to illustrate this point more clearly, let us take a look at the following representative example.An appropriate example is not very far to seekWhat is also worth noticing is that…The prior example reveals that…Many departments, for instance/ for example engineering, now offer foundation courses.•An illustration of China's dynamism is that a new company is formed in Shanghaievery 11 seconds.•Death frightens me, specifically my own death.•The example of the United States illustrates this point.•As an illustration of this point, I'm going to tell you a true story.•Let me give another example to illustrate this difficult point.Imagine that you were…, you would…, instead of…. Because…（不推荐subjective example）因果、逻辑演绎：Due to…In light of…Because… , which leads to…, which means…, in other word…, that is to say…Put it in this way…on account ofA mainly/largely/partly results from/arise from…One may attribute/ascribe/owe …to …, but …is not by itself an adequate explanation.One of the reasons given for… is that…Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that…There are numerous reasons why…, and I shall here explore only a few of the most momentous ones.A multitude of factors could account for/ contribute to… in…deriving fromon the ground句型、词组。