托福写作同义词替换词(全)
托福作文考试一百个精选替换词(适合综合作文,口语部分阅读替换,短期突破)
托福作文考试百个精选替换词1.important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plantscannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen )92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often)100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。
雅思托福必备160句同义词替换
中性动词1. 导致：v. cause, bring about, give rise to, lead to, generate, create, Be a contributing factor to2. 认为：v. point out, argue, claim, assert, think, consider3. 强调：v. emphasize, bring/call attention to, accentuate, heighten, strengthen4. 集中：v. focus on, concentrate on5. 解决：v. combat, address, tackle, resolve, solve6. 从事：v. carry out, conduct, perform7. 承认：v. concede, admit, acknowledge, accept, allow, grant正向动词1. 支持：v. support, advocate, agree with2. 增加：v. increase, grow, rise, enlargen. increase, growth, rise, enlargement3. 改善：v. improve, enhance, upgrade, boostn. improvement, enhancement, boom4. 扩张：v. expand, enlarge, extend, widen, broadenn. expansion, enlargement, extension5. 提高：v. augment, increase, develop, intensifyn. augment, increase, development6. 发展：v. develop, advance, grow, evolve, flourishn. development, advancement, growth, flourishing7. 产生：v. develop, come into being/existence, come about8. 获得：v. acquire, gain, get, obtain, attain9. 执行：v. implement, execute, put into effect, performn. implementation, performance10. 实现：v. achieve, fulfill, gain, accomplish, attain n. achievement, accomplishment, attainment11. 开始：v. commence, begin, startn. commencement, beginning, start12. 促进：v. promote, further, advance, encourage, stimulate, fostern. promotion, advancement13. 鼓励：v. stimulate, encourage, act as stimulus, motivaten. encouragement, incentive, motivation14. 唤起：v. arouse, cause, induce, prompt, trigger, spark off15. 需要：v. call for, demand, require16. 取代：v. replace, take the place of, substitute forn. replacement, substitution for, in place of17. 加快：v. accelerate, speed up, quickenn. Acceleration, speeding up18. 减轻：v. abate, lessen, reduce, alleviate, mitigaten. abatement, lessening, alleviation, mitigation19. 保护：v. protect, preserve, conserven. protection, preservation, conservation20. 保卫：v. safeguard, defend, shieldn. safeguard, defence, shelter21. 建立：v. establish, set up, found, constructn. establishment, foundation, construction22. 遵守(规则，法律)：abide by, comply with, follow, respect, act in accordance with23. 允许：v. allow, permit, give the means to, facilitate负向动词1. 反对：v. object, raise objections, oppose2. 减少：v. decrease, lower, reduce, cut downn. decrease, reduction, drop, decline3. 耗尽：v. deplete, exhaust, use upn. depletion, exhaustion, using up,4. 阻碍：v. hamper, hinder, obstruct, impede, inhibitn. hindrance, obstruction, obstacle, impediment5. 限制：v. limit, curb, restrict, place a limit onn. limit, restriction6. 危及：v. endanger, imperil, jeopardize, put at risk7. 衰败：v. deteriorate, degrade, degenerate, rotn. deterioration, degeneration8. 恶化：v. exacerbate, aggravate, worsen, inflamen. exacerbation, aggravation, worsening9. 加剧：v. intensify, escalate, sharpen, aggravaten. escalation, intensification, aggravation10. 破坏：v. damage, destroy, ruin, devastaten. damage, destruction, ruin, devastationadj. devastating, destructive11. 污染：v. pollute, contaminaten. pollution, contamination12. 败坏：v. pervert, corrupt, deprave, lead astray, debase13. 扭曲：v. distort, pervert, misrepresent, falsify, misstate, misreport14. 削弱：v. weaken, undermine, impair, invalidate15. 干涉：v. interfere in/with, intervene in, impinge on/upon(侵犯) n. interference/intervention/involvement in/with16. 侵犯：v. encroach on/upon (time/rights/personal life)n. encroachment on/upon = impinging on/upon17. 与···相违背/相矛盾：run counter to = run contrary toContradict (each other)= conflict with = be at odds with sth18. 误解：v. misunderstand, misapprehend, misinterpretn. misunderstanding, misapprehension, misinterpretation19. 逃避：v. escape, break out, evade, elude20. 遭受：v. suffer from, be stricken with, be afflicted with21. 违反：v. violate, disobey, transgress, infringen. violation, infringement, contravention, breach22. 忽视：v. lose sight of, ignore, neglect23. 疏远：v. alienate, isolate, become/get estranged fromn. alienation, isolation, estrangement其他重要的同义词代换1. 大量的：enormous, massive, tremendous, considerable2. 重要的：significant, substantial, crucial, important3. 严重的：adj. severe, serious, acute, drasticadv. severely, seriously, acutely, drastically4. 有害的：adj. hazardous, dangerous, harmful5. 贫穷的：adj. poor, poverty-stricken, destitute, impoverished6. 富有的：adj. rich, wealthy, affluent7. 差距：n. gap, disparity, divergence8. 积极的：beneficial, advantageous9. 消极的：baneful, detrimental10. 明显的：manifest, obvious, evident, apparent11. 影响：impact, repercussion, effect, ramification12. 人类：the human race, human being, humankind, humanity13. 当代：in current society, in this day and age, in present-day society, in contemporary society14. 传统的：traditional, conventional, old-fashioned15. 健康的：healthy, vigorous, robust16. 有营养的：nutritious, nourishing, wholesome, healthy常用的正向形容词Adequate/ basic/ broad/ general/ sufficient 充分的/ 基本的/ 宽泛的/ 大概的/ 足够的 Penetrating/ profound/ revealing/ remarkable/ proper/ thorough入木三分的/ 深刻的/ 发人心省的/ 出色的/ 正确的/ 彻底的Original/ unique/ fresh/ rare/ clear/ fascinating/ interesting独到的/ 独特的/ 新鲜的/ 少有的/ 清楚的/ 生动的/ 有趣的Significant/ substantial/ considerable常用的负向形容词Unethical/ immoral/ unscrupulous/ unprincipled 不道德的Antisocial/ unacceptable/ undesirable 反社会的/ 不能接受的/ 令人不快的Aggressive/ criminal/ disruptive/ violent 挑衅的/ 犯罪的/ 扰乱的/ 暴力的Notorious/ appalling/ vicious/ bloody 臭名昭著的/ 令人震惊的/ 令人发指的/ 血腥的。
雅思写作常用同义词替换100个
雅思写作常用同义词替换100个1. people=individuals 人们 (Those who)2. many people=a majority of people = most of people大多数人3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词）4. a great number of=a large amount/quantity of=considerable amount of= a large variety of很多（可数名词）5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的6. expensive=pricy 贵的7. thing=item=goods 东西，物品8. humans=human beings=human race=mankind 人类9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to=aid to 有助于（动词）10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词）11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)=do good to/be good for 有好处的（形容词）12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词）13. education=schooling 教育14. think=believe=hold=maintain=consider=take for=agree认为15. oppose=object to=be against=disagree 反对16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持17. as for me=as far as I am concerned=in the eyes of 对我来说18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=in my point of view=personally 我的观点是19. as …develop(s)=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…advances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词）20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副词）21. in addition=besides=furthermore=moreover=apart from=in spite of=Despite=what’s more 此外（提出新信息）22. because=as=for=since 因为（加句子）23. because of=due to=owing to=thanks to =attribute to 因为（加名词）24. reasons=factors=elements 原因 （名词）前面可以与(for)搭配25. so=thus=as a result=therefore=consequently=accordingly=on this/that account=under this circumstance 因此26. however=nevertheless=whereas=yet然而27. first=in the first place=first of all=first andforemost=to begin with=firstly 第一，首先last but not least=finally 最后，最终28. on the one hand=in one aspect另外一方面29. in view of=considering=in the respect of=in light of=allow for 考虑到（介词短语，加名词后加逗号）30. replace=substitute=take place 取代（动词）31. like=enjoy=be fond of=be fascinated with=prefer=fall in love with 喜欢（注意词性）32. pleasure=enjoyment 欢乐，享受（名词）33. hate=dislike不喜欢=be fed up with=be bored with 厌烦get rid of 摆脱34. monotonous=dull and boring=tedious 无聊的，枯燥的35. pleasant=enjoyable 令人愉快的，享受的36. fast=efficient(efficiently) 快捷的，效率高的37. advantage=merit=strength=pros=benefit 优点38. disadvantage=demerit=weakness=cons=drawback 缺点39. if on/under condition that=under the circumstance that =in case of如果，在。
雅思、托福写作必备50组同义替换(精英壹佰国际教育)
promote vt.
boost vt.
improvevt.
enhancevt.
e.g. ~ thedevelopmentofeconomy促进经济发展
13.声称
claim vt.
assert vt.
declare vt.
e.g. somepeople~ that…一些人声称
14.否定
deny vt.
disadvantageousadj.
e.g. be ~ for one’s health对健康有害
24.优点
advantage n.
merit n.
strengthn.（长处）
e.g. the advantage/ merit of overseas study留学的优点
thestrengthof thecompany这个公司的长处
e.g. ~ electricity生产电
42.集中精力在…上
focus on
concentrateon
e.g. ~ your study集中精力在你的学习上
43.包含
includevt.
comprise vt.
e.g. ~ 10 chapters包含10个章节
44.与…相关
be concerned with…
19.丰富的（大量的）
abundant adj.
ample adj.
profuse adj.
e.g. ~resources丰富的（大量的）资源
20.合适的
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้proper adj.
appropriateadj.
e.g. the ~ method合适的方法
21.充足的
10个托福写作常用表达和词汇的替代词汇总
10个托福写作常用表达和词汇的替代词汇总10个托福写作常用表达和词汇的替代词汇总一览1. The fact is that…替换词：The reality is that…例句：The reality is that this will be hard, if not impossible, to achieve.2. joy替换词：happiness/ delight/ enjoyment例句：Only those who love their work can get inside the delight in work.3. sadness替换词：sorrow/ grief(程度逐渐加深)例句：Tears are signs of gladness as well as of grief.4. danger替换词：hazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般) [派生] dangerous;hazardous例句：A new report suggests that chewing gum may be a health hazard.例句：They were in peril of death from hunger.5. advertisement/ advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。
其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化，比如：commercials(电视或者互联网上的广告)flyers(传单广告)billboards(大幅的广告牌)non-profit advertisements/public-interest advertisements (公益广告)例句：The TV show was interrupted by too manycommercials.6. car替换词：automobile例句：The great number of automobile accidents emphasizes the need for careful driving.7. famous people替换词：celebrities (单数为celebrity)例句：There is nothing worse than suddenly becoming yesterday's celebrity.8. human beings(被考生使用过多)替换词：humanity(注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科)/the human race例句：They face charges of committing crimes against humanity.9. wealth替换词：wealthy/ affluent (adj.)fortune(s) (指一大笔钱。
10个托福写作常用表达和词汇的替代词汇总一览
10个托福写作常用表达和词汇的替代词汇总一览托福写作要求考生展现自己的词汇量和语法，而假如考生写文章时总是反复使用相同相像的表达和词汇，今日我给大家带来10个托福写作常用表达和词汇的替代词汇总一览,盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
10个托福写作常用表达和词汇的替代词汇总一览1. The fact is that…替换词：The reality is that…例句：The reality is that this will be hard, if not impossible, to achieve.2. joy替换词：happiness/ delight/ enjoyment例句：Only those who love their work can get inside the delight in work.3. sadness替换词：sorrow/ grief(程度渐渐加深)例句：Tears are signs of gladness as well as of grief.4. danger替换词：hazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强，危急程度非同一般)[派生] dangerous;hazardous例句：A new report suggests that chewing gum may be a health hazard.例句：They were in peril of death from hunger.5. advertisement/ advertising假如你写过关于广告的题目，就肯定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。
其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化，比如：commercials(电视或者互联网上的广告)flyers(传单广告)billboards(大幅的广告牌)non-profit advertisements/public-interest advertisements (公益广告)例句：The TV show was interrupted by too many commercials.6. car替换词：automobile例句：The great number of automobile accidents emphasizes the need for careful driving.7. famous people替换词：celebrities (单数为celebrity)例句：There is nothing worse than suddenly becoming yesterdays celebrity.8. human beings(被考生使用过多)替换词：humanity(留意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科)/the human race例句：They face charges of committing crimes against humanity.9. wealth替换词：wealthy/ affluent (adj.)fortune(s) (指一大笔钱。
托福写作100个替换词汇份
托福写作100个替换词汇(一)份托福写作100个替换词汇 11. important =crucial (extremely important)，significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)2.mon=universal，ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous，it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra)，plentiful(enough for people‘s needs and wants)4.stick=adhere，cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore。
(difference：neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention。
)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other)，adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman，old-fashioned)，seek(if you seek sth，you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details)，exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak，summit11.pe__=rival，opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something，you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinion=perspective，standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired)，reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings，FORMAL)，establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)17.plain=grumble18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree)，fundamental19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to)，pel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)22.plex=intricate(if something is intricate，it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary，there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small)，minute，25.praise=extol26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous，it is difficult and tiring，and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren，infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle，vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people。
托福写作同义替换(必背)
交友沟通1. 接触expose oneself to2. 增强家庭凝聚力strengthen family cohesion3. 削弱家庭纽带erode family bonds4. 维护上下级/同事/客户关系maintain the relation between the superior andthe subordinate/among colleagues/between clients and thecompany5. 足够合群来面对各种复杂环境become gregarious enough to face various complexcircumstances6. 轻松随意的交谈casual communication/conversations/chats7. 志同道合的朋友like-minded/congenial friends8. 建立和保持良好的人际关系build and maintain healthy relationships among people9. 倾诉烦恼confide annoyances10. 扩大或建立社交圈enlarge/build up/establish interpersonal networks/thesocial circle知识经历1.传授/获取知识技能impart/acquire knowledge and skills2.独立思考critical thinking3.理论和实践相结合integrate theory and practice4.从不同的角度观察世界observe the world from different angles5.动人的历史故事appealing historical stories6.有趣的文化风俗intriguing cultural customs7.一个见多识广的人 a well-informed person/a man of profound and immenselearning8.避免成为一个无知肤浅的人avoid being an ignorant and shallow person9.提升综合能力promote one’s overall/comprehensive competence10.扩大知识面broaden one’s knowledge base/enlarge one’s scope of11.熟练掌握be well-acquainted with/be profound in健康解压1.增强某人的灵活性、耐力、协调性solidify/strengthen one’s flexibility/endurance/coordination2.生理健康physical health3.心理健康psychological well-being4.削弱视力weaken/impair eyesight5.有先进设施的大医院major hospitals with the advanced facilities6.充足的药品the sufficient medicine7.身心的自我放松physical and mental self-release8.缓解心理紧张smooth one’s mental intension9.从日常生活中解脱出来get away from the daily grind10.重新获得有活力的精神面貌regain vigorous mentality11.增强免疫力boost one’s immune system/immunity兴趣潜能1.培养高雅的品味cultivate exquisite tastes2.培养创造力nurture a sense of creativity3.展现某人的性格特征和兴趣爱好present/display one’s characteristics and interests4.锻炼坚韧的忍耐力cultivate tough endurance5.无比多的娱乐活动 a nonpareil variety of recreational activities6.与自然接触的纯粹享受 a sheer pleasure of a closeness to nature7.活在当下，及时行乐live in the moment and seize the day8.挖掘某人的潜能tap into the potential of somebody9.为我们的日常生活增添了不少情调add much spice/flavor to our daily life10.劳逸结合strike a proper balance between work and leisure工作升职1.各行各业all walks of life2.校园招聘会campus recruitment/on-campus job fair3.责任感sense of responsibility4.事业心entrepreneur spirit5.讨上司欢心be in the good graces of the boss/win the favor of the boss6.升职机会/就业前景promotion opportunity/career prospect7.加强竞争优势consolidate competitive edge8.为就业辉煌奠定基础lay the foundations for career prosperity9.提高效率boost/augment/enhance efficiency10.完成艰巨的任务complete an arduous project效率合作1.融入团体blend in with the group2.团结一致be united and be concentrating (their) efforts on3.虚心接受他人建议/指正take other’s suggestions/criticisms with an open mind4.发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages5.合理规划时间plan out a reasonable schedule6.整合多方资源integrate various resources7.为了方便和有效for the sake of convenience and effectiveness8.促进协调facilitate coordination9.优势互补have complementary advantages/make respectiveadvantages complementary to each other10.顺畅有效的合作smooth and effective collaboration褒义1.有力地推动give a big push to2.作为一个有效的跳板serve as an effective springboard for3.提高……的可能性enhance the likelihood of/that4.值得去做it is worthwhile to do5.……是……的好手段is a good vehicle for6.使某人具有做……的能力equip sb. with (the ability of)7.为……做准备（铺路）pave the way to8.作为一种有效手段serve as an effective approach to (doing) sth.9.怎么说……的重要性也不为过it is hard to overstate the significance of10.使某人处于有优势的位置put sb. in a favorable position in doing sth.贬义1. 归因于……（一般为负面情况） A can be ascribed/attributed to B2. 把……等同于……是错误的it is impolitic to equate A with B3. 对……有负面影响exert a detrimental influence upon/have an adverse effect on4. 越来越糟go from bad to worse5. 对……造成极大威胁pose a great threat to6. 与……背道而驰run contrary to7. 与……不协调、不一致be incompatible with8. 与……无关/对……毫无影响have little bearing on9. 剥夺了某人……的机会/权利deprive sb. of the chances/rights to10. 在某方面施加限制impose restriction on环境1.付出协调一致的努力put joint/concerted effort on2.污染有限的自然资源contaminate finite natural resources3.增强公众的……意识elevate the public awareness of4.采取严厉的措施apply/adopt/implement harsh measures5.温室效应greenhouse effect/global warming6.谴责而不是纵容condemn rather than condone7.生态失衡disruption of ecological balance8.减轻空气污染lessen/abate/alleviate air pollution9.可持续发展sustainable development10.气候异常climate anomaly科技1.彻底改变人们的生活entirely reshape individuals’ lives2.扼杀/激发创造力stifle/stimulate creativity3.提高……的便利性increase the convenience/facilitation of4.加速生活节奏speed up the tempo of life5.运用电子技术utilize electronic technology6.过多的选择 a plethora of choices7.融合最新科技incorporate the latest technology8.技术创新及发展technological innovation and progressions9.互联网的广泛使用the extensive use/proliferation of the Internet10.尖端的技术cutting-edge technology经济1.改善就业前景improve the employment prospect2.完善公共交通设施complete public transit system3.阻碍/促进……的发展impede/further the development of4.把成功归因于经济发展attribute the success to the economic development5.优化财政资源optimize the financial resources6.谋求巨大利润seek excessive profits7.就业压力的缓解 a great relief to the high unemployment8.增强自给自足能力intensify one’s self-sufficiency9.吸引外商投资attract foreign investment10.缩小贫富差距narrow the gap between the rich and the poor教育1.学生的反馈students’ feedback/input2.以学生为中心的教育体系student-centered educational system3.发人深省的说教thought-provoking criticism4.促进学生身心发展promote students’ physical, intellectual and emotional development5.灌输高尚的价值观instill high moral values6.鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage students to think critically7.雄厚的师资力量solid teaching force8.改良教育手段ameliorate educational method9.鼓励/培养独立思考encourage/foster independent thinking10.精心编写教材compile textbooks with great care逻辑连接词1.因果Because, for, because of, thanks to, as a result of, accordingly, for this reason2.递进In addition, furthermore, next, besides, moreover, what’s more, also3.强调Certainly, above all, indeed, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, more importantly, more specifically4.总结To sum up, in conclusion, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary, given these facts/reasons。
170个常用托福、雅思写作高分替换词
170个常用托福、雅思写作高分替换词汇及其英文释义1.important=crucial(extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble(complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical(very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerce sb into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23.lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small), minute25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(some one who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossol(use this word, you emphasize something is large), tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault(physically attack someone), assail(attack violently)35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)36.ruin=devastate(it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)37.disaster=catastrophe(acatastrop he is an unexpected event that cause great suffering and damages)38.finally=eventually(especially after a lot of delays), ultimately(after complicated series of39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal(a great enthusiasm), fervency(sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived from59.remarkable=conspicuous(if something is conspicuous, people can see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(comei nto existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e=utilize(the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify(if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoricis only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen)92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent(does not happen often)100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)短语101.in my opinion=from my perspective102.very much=a great deal103.for example=to give a demonstration104.however=as a matter of fact, it is the other way around 105.agree with=uphold(support and maintain)106.be full of=be saturated with(be filled with sth completely) 107.by=via108.according to=in the light of109.when it comes to=in terms of110.from a XXX perspective=in XXX sense111.find a job=land a jobtest=up to date113.achieve a goal=attain an accomplishment114.at the same time=simultaneously115.a tthe start of=on the threshold of116.certainly=to a certain extent117.with doubt=indubitably118.in XXX means=via XXX avenue119.disagree with=be the last one to uphold120.as fast as=apace with单词121.awful=nauseous(if something makes you nauseous, you want to vomit)ck=scarcity(if there is a scarcity of something, there is not enough of it for people)123.suddenly=abruptly(very sudden and often unpleasant)124.agree=espouse(the same as agree with)125.immortal=eternal(something that is eternal can last forever)126.gigantic=enormous(very large in size or amount)127.horrible=macabre(strange and horrible or upsetting)128.generous=munificent (very generous, FORMAL)129.advantage=merit(if something has merit, it has good or worthwhile qualities)130.happy=jovial(if someone is jovial, s/he is happy and behaves in a cheerful way)131.sad=inconsolable(extremely sad and cannot be comforted)132.brave=gallant(if someone is gallant, s/he behaves bravely)133.disappear=vanish(A TTENTION: vanish means disappear suddenly or in a way cannot be explained)134.difference=divergence(a divergence is a difference between two or more things, opinions or attitudes)135.repeat=iterate136.effective=efficacious(the same as effective, FORMAL)137.dishonest=mendacious(a mendacious person is someone who lies)138.talkative=loquacious(if someone is loquacious, s/he talk a great deal)139.think over=contemplate(think carefully), ruminate on(think carefully)140.tendency=vogue(in vogue means very popular)141.protectfrom=shield from(the same as protect from)zy=slothful(lazy and unwilling to make an effort to work), indolent(lazy, FORMAL)143.limited=finite(something that is finite has a definite fixed size or amount)144.disadvantage=defect(a fault or imperfection in a person or thing)eless/invain=futile(ATTENTION: if you say something is futile, you mean there is no point of doing, usually it has no chance of succeeding)146.undeniable=there is no gainsaying(FORMAL)147.potential=latent(used to describe something hidden or not obvious at the moment, but which can develop further in the future)148.harmful=baneful149.daring=audacious(someone who is audacious takes risk to achieve something)150.talent=aptitude(someone's aptitude for a particular kind of work or activity is his/her abilityto learn it quickly and to do it well)151.waste=dissipate(dissipate means waste money, time or effort in a foolish way)152.obstacle=stumbling block153.many= a multitude of, a myriads of154.good=superb(if something is superb, its quality is very good indeed)155.random=haphazard156.behave=conduct(if you conduct yourself in a particular way, you behave in that way)157.kind of=sort of158.loyalty=fidelity(fidelity is loyalty to a person, or organization, or set of beliefs)159.embarrassing=awkward(an awkward situation is embarrassing and difficult to deal with)160.building=edifice(A TTENTION: an edifice is a large and impressive building)161.unendurable=unsufferable (if you say something is unsufferable, you are emphasizing that it is very unpleasant and annoying)162.undoubtedly=as no doubt163.although=albeit(the same as although)164.unwilling=grudging(a grudging feeling or action is felt or done very unwillingly)165.hardly=scarcely(you use scarcely to say that something is not true or is not the case, in a humorous or critical way)166.courage=nerve(nerve is the courage you need in order to do something difficult or dangerous)167.generally=as a rule168.understand=discern(if you can discern something, you are aware of it and know what it is)169.obviously=transparently (easily understand or recognize)170.define as=address as。
托福——同义词替换词汇集锦(一)
托福——同义词替换词汇集锦（一）1. important = crucial (extremely important), significant (amount or effect large enough to be important)2. common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3. abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful (enough for people's needs and wants)4. stick=adhere/ cling(hold on something tightly)5. neglect=ignore, (difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention )6. near=adjacent (two thingsnext to each other), adjoin (the same as adjacent)7. pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8. accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact (correct in every detail)9. vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent (especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn (if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinion=perspective, standpoint (means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige (describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect (you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate (do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense orsevere)20.force=coerces into (coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to), compel21.enlarge=magnify (magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate (if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23.Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise). compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren/ infertile (used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.)31.big=massive (large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal (use this word, you emphasize something's large), tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun (if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it)33.fair=impartial (someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35.dislike=abhor (abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons). loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual (a perpetual state never changes). immutable (somethingimmutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly). astound(surprise you to a large degree). astonish (the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil (calm and peaceful). serene(calm and quiet)44.expensive=exorbitant (it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish (impressive and very expensive). sumptuous (grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem (if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret (if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly (unpleasantly cold). icy (extremely cold)50.hot=boiling (very hot)外朗教育免费直播课：/html/tuofukecheng/zhiboke/。
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同义词替换词国内考生常用的表达更得分的表达方式名词1things that one tries hardto do one's undertakings/ one's commitments2The fact is that⋯The reality is that⋯3joy happiness/delight/ enjoyment4sadness sorrow/ grief5danger hazard/ peril ( 后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般 ) [派生 ] dangerous； hazardous≈schooling （指学校教育，家庭教育则用6education upbringing/ parenting）[ 区分 ]家庭教育的两个词 upbringing 是从孩子的角度说的，比如children's upbringing；而 parenting 是从家长的角度来说，比如 sensible parenting.如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用 advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。
其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类7advertisement/ advertising 细化，比如 commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告）， flyers（传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是“ 135****，办证”）， billboards （大幅的广告牌）或者 non-profit advertisements=public-interest advertisements （公益广告）8car Automobile9economic crisis economic meltdown（很接近） /recession（这个一般仅仅还是衰退） /the Great Depression （这个则是特指 1929 年开始的那次了）10famous people celebrities （单数为 celebrity）11human beings（备考生使humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数用过多）指人文学科） /the human race12wealth fortune(s)（ fortune 作财富的意思时可以加复数）13[ 相关 ] rich wealthy/ affluent (adj.)14skill≈注意这个词的正确解释是技能technique(或者方法，而不是 technology 科技 )15[ 派生 ] skilled adept/ adroit (adj.)16 method methodology (国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是method的故作高深版）17field18understanding of19choice20cooperationbasic structure in a city or 21a country22tiredness for a long time 23is a must of24the Internet25honesty26strong belief27aim28worries29influence30influence on each other31many different kinds ofwrong ideas held by many 32people33fame34range35sense36part37wise38gapa system for a particular 39purpose40 a solution to sth.41bad students42bad behavior sphere/ domain/ arena≈grasp of/ commandof Option≈collaborationInfrastructureFatigueis a prerequisite for （是⋯⋯的必备先决条件）≈the information highway(一篇考生作文里Internet 被使用十几次是常事儿 )≈integrityfaith (in)Intentionanxieties (是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）impact/ repercussion/ implicationmutual influence（类似的表达还有 mutual respect, mutual trust和 mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and Ba variety of a⋯wide/ array of ⋯ /ideawrange ⋯of ⋯Misconceptionsprestige/ sterling reputation≈spectrum≈recognitioncomponent （这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中也经常指“部分”）[相关 ] sensible (adj.)Disparity≈ a mechanism for ,a remedy for sth. （生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）≈unruly students/ disruptive students unethical behavior/ immoral behaviororganizations that help43poor people44difference45[ 派生 ] be different from 46person47personality48businesses49prices that are too high50 the rate of⋯51 intense enthusiasmcultural globalization（有52过多人使用这个词）53 a thing that is necessarya thing that is new and54interesting55 a thing that is rarethings that people are not 56sure about57 a world language58friends59relaxation60self-respect61respect sb./ sth.62 [ 反义 ] look down on⋯63self-control64criminal65prisoner66drinkspeople who walk on the 67street68 old generations in historya person who benefits69from sth.a disease that spreads 70quicklya very unpleasant way of 71lifea task that requires lots of 72effort73emotion74enemy charities/ charitable organizations Distinctionbe distinct from (adj.)Individual≈dispositionenterprises（这里指企业）exorbitant pricesthe incidence of （⋯后面一般跟坏事儿，比如 unemployment/ crime/ a disease） zeal/ passionglobal cultural homogenizationa necessitya noveltya rarityUncertaintiesa universal languageCompanions≈recreation≈self-esteem and dignityhold sb./ sth. in high regardtreat ⋯ with contempt despise=(v.)self-disciplineConvictInmate≈alcoholic beveragesPedestriansAncestorsa beneficiary of sth.an epidemic（注意这个词虽然是 -ic 结尾，却不是形容词）Misery adj-> miserablean arduous task≈sentiment≈opponent/ foe75narrow minds insular minds （狭隘的头脑或者观念）76 a way to do sth.an approach to doing sth./an avenue towards sth.77hobby≈ pastime / diversion78progress progression （经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于 society/ career/ technology的话题）79failuresetback（注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）80importance significance（当你用了一次 importance 之后，第二次不妨用这个）81duty obligation（用于比较重要的责任）82difficulty hindrance/ impediment/ hurdles83pressure from yourclassmates peer pressure84citizens who can work labor force/ workforce（都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）85problems or diseases thatexist for a long time persistent problems/chronic diseases86a life without regularexercise a sedentary lifestyle87resultconsequence（表示消极的结果更多一些）88thoughts≈ considerations89the lack of knowledge ignorance （注意在地道英文里，这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）90harm (n.)adverse effectdamage destroy/ ruin （这两个词比 damage程度更重）spoil（后面跟 the cityscape/ scenery/91harm (vt.)environment） undermine （后面跟抽象概念，比如 stability/ social order/ harmony）jeopardize （后面跟抽象概念，比如 one's future/ one's career）tarnish （后面跟 one's reputation/ image）sap/ dampen（后面跟 one's enthusiasm/ interest/ confidence）92[ 派生 ] harmful detrimental (adj.)93[ 派生 ] be harmful to≈ pose a threat to94bad luck Misfortune95trouble adversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship 96crime offense/ criminal act97youth crime≈ juvenile delinquency98criminal offender/ ≈ culprit/ ≈ perpetrator99serious crime heinous crime/ felony100 a minor crime a misdemeanor101shortage (of)scarcity (of)/ dearth (of)102the only one an exception103places where animals live Habitat形容词104worrying≈ disturbing105very popular prevalent/ ubiquitous106TRUE genuine (truly a genuinely)107deep profound （深刻的，后面经常跟 wisdom/ truths/understanding/ impact/ thoughts）108strong powerful/ mighty109weak≈ vulnerable110hard-working industrious（注意不是 industrial，而 diligent 那个词在美语中是个挺大的词）111very disappointing Lamentable可悲的 / pathetic112be good (for)be beneficial (to) = be in the best interests (of) 113be not as good as be inferior to114be better than be superior to115uninteresting mundane （注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并116many不是“世俗的”意思 /humdrum（注意要跟可数名词）numerous117complicated Intricate118strange odd/ bizarre/ eccentric（单 weird 有点过于口语化了）119cannot be turned back be irreversible 120produce useful results Productive 121practical≈ realistic122mature sophisticated （这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的）123selfish self-centered/ materialistic/ego-centric 124proud （贬义）Conceited125suitable Fitting126most suitable Optimal127lonely isolated/ alienated128alone Solitary129be easily influenced by be susceptible to sth. （一般是坏事情，比如 a sth.disease/ attacks）130is better than is superior to131not as good as ⋯is inferior tobe identical/ be homogenous/ be uniform（后面两132be the same 个词比较正式，一般是说 cultural globalization 的时候常用，现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫school uniforms 了吧，就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服）133interesting≈ stimulating134boring≈ monotonous/ repetitive135useless Redundant136smart Intelligent137famous Renowned138positive≈ desirable/ encouraging139happy Delighted140enjoyable Delightful141can be used be available142hard to understand bewildering/ baffling/ confusing143(laws/ rules/ people)not strict Lenient144healthy wholesome（注意说人的健康还是要用 healthy，但是如果说事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome）145good for the eco-friendly（比如 Biking is far more eco-friendly envrionment than driving their SUVs.）146nervous/ anxious≈ apprehensive147doubt sth.be skeptical about sth.148fair≈ justified149unfair≈ unwarranted/ unjustifiable150huge enormous/ massive/ vast/ colossal151small tiny/ miniscule （后面一般跟抽象名词）152have many differentabilities be versatile/ be well-rounded153be familiar with be well-acquainted with154very successful/admirable Distinguished155proper Appropriate156typical quintessential （这个语气非常强）157exact precise/ ≈ accurate158ugly Unsightly159poor-quality substandard(housing/ accommodation/ work/ goods/ machines)the current ⋯ / the existing（比如⋯the current160the present ⋯financial crisis/ the existing environmentalproblems)161outdated antiquated/obsolete162highly-respected Esteemed163complete(adj.)/ whole Entire164spend a lot of money lead an extravagant/ a lavish life165open enlightened/ progressive （开明的，逐步的，经常用来形容 govern-ment 或者 society）166sth. must be carried out sth. is compulsory/ sth. is mandatory167with long history（后面经常跟抽象名词，比如time-honoredtradition/ practice/ methods/ heritage）168continuing forever Perpetual169important significant essential vital( 这三个词的重要性依次递增 )170very attractive very appealing/ fascinating/ captivating 171very careful Cautious172be very interested in be absorbed in/ be engrossed in173be qualified for be eligible for174disappointing Frustrating175wrong Erroneous176long and a bitannoying Lengthy177very difficult daunting/ formidable178being spread in rampant （后面经常跟负面现象，比如 crime, uncontrolled way pollution 或者 discrimination）179cruel≈ inhumane/ merciless180fatoverweight/ obese（后面这个已经胖出病了）181having wrong opinions skewed/ biased（这两个词一般在 IELTS 媒体类话题使用，表示“有偏见的”）182including many things comprehensive （综合的，全面的）183enough adequate/ sufficient/ ample/ abundant（注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的 )184too much Excessive185very little minimal （注意不是 minimum ）186cause bad effects187strict188urgent189quiet counterproductive （其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都可以写它 counterproductive)stringent（后面一般跟 laws, measures或者 rules）pressing (problems)tranquil and serene（美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用）动词190make sth. strong191make sth. weak192make sth. better193make sth. worsecontrol⋯(a negative 194trend)195stop196manage sth.197appear198die out199fail to see200set ⋯free201beginnarrow/ bridge the gap 202between A and B(注意这里 bridge 作动词）203be forced to do sth.keep complaining204about sth.205try hard to do sth. 206do sth.207do not do sth.208carry out209turn ⋯into ⋯strengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth. weaken/ erode （侵蚀）enhance/ better（很少看到国内考生用 better 当动词，其实在学术写作中 better sth是.挺常见的表达）aggravate/ exacerbate sth.curb ⋯ (crime/ pollution/ economic recessions) Cease≈regulate sth./oversee sth.emerge/ arise（后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如debate） goextinct neglect/overlookrelease (prisoners/ stress)commence/ initiate (后者跟抽象概念更多，比如 initiate the conflict)[反义 ] widen the gap between A andB be compelled to do sth.grumble about sth.≈pursue sth.(one's goal/one's career/business interests/ maximum profit/ hegemony)≈perform/ conduct （注意这里的 perform 不是“表演”而是“从事”）refrain from doing sth.Implementconvert ⋯to/ into⋯210decrease decline/ dwindle（特指逐渐缓慢的减少） / dip/ slip(后两个词用来指短促的下降 )211make a crime commit a crime（注意作文中不要用 make a crime 这样不地道的英文）212commit a crime againrevert to crime （这里的 crime 作不可数名词）213punish Penalize214[ 派生 ]punishment Penalty215spread propagate/ disseminate（这两个词后面经常跟information/ ideas/ belief 这类名词）216develop fast flourish/ thrive217develop （这里作“培养”的意思cultivate/ foster/ nurture（这三个词后面经常跟和教育有关的名词，比如 an interest in social issues）218[ 相关 ]fast-developing 219accept220build Burgeoningadopt（注意这个词不是 adapt适应，而是接纳，采纳的意思）Construct221 gather garner，但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义，比如 garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagen222measure 223teach sth. 224start225support gauge, 比 measure稍正式一点≈impart sth ./ inculcate sth.（注意如果teach 后面是人则不要替换）initiate 多用于政府类话题espouse，后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词champion（作动词不是冠军的意思了）和动词 sanction（它作名词则变成了“制裁”）226praise227support228prove/ confirm 229create ≈compliment/ extol （后面这个语气很强）≈buttress/ bolsterVerifygenerate（一般是大规模的产生，比如 generate employment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/ electricity) breed（一般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict/ crime/ resentment） spawn（一般是产生新事物，比如 spawn inventions/ innovations）230use231use⋯again232work hard233get234consider235meet236provide sth.237need238like sth. very much 239be unhappy about 240ask for241raise242look like sth.243treat ⋯poorly244consider sth. valuable 245keep246mix⋯ together247solve248noticeunderstand ⋯ to249mean⋯ / to be ⋯choose sth./ choose to 250do sth.251 achieveappear in large252numbers253make⋯ less serious 254pay⋯for (one's loss) ≈utilize/exploitRecyclework assiduously≈acquire （注意 acquire/ gain knowledge 比learn knowledge 在地道英文中更加常见）contemplate/ reflect on/ponderencounter，多用于政府，文化或者success这样偏大一些的话题afford sth. （在正式英文写作中， afford 经常可以表示“提供”require（注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need，但如果主语是事物，则可以改用 require）≈ have an affinity for sth./ have a strong attachment to sth.complain about (v.)/ be discontended with (adj.) Requestelevate，就是正式版的 raise，但只是“提高”而不能表示抚养小孩的意思resemble sth.mistreat ⋯/ abuse ⋯value sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth.≈maintain/ preserve（这个词后面经常跟traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources等）blend/ combine/ synthesizetackle/ combat/ addressDiscerninterpret ⋯as（⋯很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把⋯理解为⋯⋯ ）opt for sth./ opt to do sth.fulfill (one's dream/ one's goal/ one's potential/ one's obligation/ one's promise/ one's task)sprout up/ mushroomrelieve/ ease/ alleviate（作文中经常用到的搭配有relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the traffic congestion等）compensate⋯for ⋯255pay⋯for (one's effort) 256make sth. faster257join258outweight259contribute toprevent the260development of⋯261 find out262 encourage sb. to⋯263like sth. very much 264dislike sth. very much 265hate266limit267avoid268 is not limited to⋯269be so surprised270decide271move to ⋯272come from⋯273improve274waste275attack276reduce277increase278help279help (n.)280set up281try to do sth.282try hard to do sth. 283change reward ⋯for ⋯accelerate sth./ speed up sth.participate inprevail over（大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议论文的题目中经常出现outweight 这个词用来比较事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）promote/ facilitate（这两个词都是及物动词，所以不需要跟 to）hinder/impede/ inhibit/ obstruct⋯≈identify≈motivate sb. to,adore sth.abhor/ detest/ loatheresent/ hold a grudge againstrestrict/ constrain≈bypass/ eschew/ shunis not restricted to⋯/ is not confined（经to常用⋯来描述一个 trend 不仅限于某个范围）be astonished/ be astounded/ be startled Determinerelocate to⋯/ have been relocated to⋯originate from/ in⋯boost/ enhance（比如 boost solidarity 增进团结/ enhance productivity提高生产率） use⋯lavishlyassail （语气更强烈）curtail（多用于政府投资类话题）/diminish （多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）augment（多用于政府投资类话题）AssistAssistanceEstablishattempt to do sth.make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth.Alter284change⋯ a lot285solve286correct (vt.)287take down288Obey289Ban290criticize291increase292depend on293depend on294deal with295do one's best to do sth.296use upreport the details of297sth.prevent sb. from298focusing on⋯299spend A on B300use too much ⋯fundamentally change ⋯ / radically change ⋯ / transform ⋯address/ combatrectify (a mistake)demolish/ raze（谈到拆老建筑的时候常用）abide by/ comply with/ conform to (后面跟 thelaw/ rules/ regulations等）ban⋯ altogether/ strictly prohibit⋯condemn/ denounce（这两个词一般用于政府类话题，但不要用在教育类）show an upward trend/ be on the rise反义：show a downward trendhinge on= be contingent on（意思是：取决于⋯⋯）rely on（意思是：依靠⋯⋯）cope withcommit oneself to doing sth./ strive to do sth./ do one's utmost to do sth./ spare no effort to do sth. exhaust (energy/ resources)/ stretch (resources) to the limitreport sth. In graphic detaildistract sb. from⋯≈dedicate A to Bstretch ⋯ to the limit/ put a strain on⋯301pour discharge（排放，环境类话题常用，比如 dischargechemical waste into rivers, streams and lakes）302get used to get accustomed to303die out go extinct304continue to exist Persist305come with ⋯be attended by / be accompanied by⋯expand one's outlook/ enlarge one's vision306broaden one's horizons (broaden one's horizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值 )307break the law violate the law308put sb. In prison incarcerate sb.309make laws against⋯ legislate against⋯310[ 相关 ]law311make sth. activemake one's dream312come truehave the right to do313sth.314lead to change in315stick to316deal with the need317take ⋯ away from sb.318give sb. the ability to319get a clear idea of320be lostspend too much time321on322prepare for ⋯323break the balance324balance A and B325catch326 think of⋯as327get rid of328get rid of329make⋯ higher legislation (名词，注意 law 在特指具体的法律时可以用复数，但是 legislation 不能用复数）stimulate （后面经常跟 imagination/ creativity/interest/ economic growth等词汇）fulfill one's potential/ attain one's goalbe entitled to do sth.act as a catalyst for change in ⋯ adhere to/cling to （注意后面这个有时候略带贬义）meet the demand/ satisfy the needdeprive sb. of （⋯省略号中可以填入 freedom/leisure time/ the right to 等值得拥有的内容 )enable sb. toget a clear perspective ofgo astray（作文中如果写青少年“误入歧途”，就不要再写 get lost)be addicted to/ be preoccupied with/ beobsessed with ( 这三个词组的语气越来越强 )pave the way for⋯/ lay the groundwork for⋯/ lay a solid foundation for（为⋯⋯打好基础）upset the balancestrike a balance between A and B 在( A 和 B 之间争取一种平衡 )captureregard ⋯as/ view ⋯as/perceive⋯aseliminate/ removeabolish（多用于政府类话题，废除）drive up（后面经常跟 the crime rate/unemployment rate）副词Increasingly +adj. 但要注意如果后面不是 adj.330more and more +adj.而是 noun, 那么就可以用 an increasing numberof （跟可数名词） / an increasing amount of（跟不可数名词）来代替331mainly primarily/ principally/ chiefly332 In the old days,⋯333now334Actually, ⋯335very soon336not often at all337completelydo sth. without careful 338thought339blindly340only341 a little/ a bit342mainly343about344before ⋯345 a fewAlthough ⋯ , the real 346⋯situation is347Most young people ⋯348needs to be changed 349be punished by the law 350do sth. togetherIt is common for sb. 351to ⋯352 is based on⋯have no choice but353to ⋯354be worth the effort 355and so on356become more than 357grow fast Traditionally,⋯/ Historically,⋯≈currently≈Technically, , （严格来说它的意思并不是“事实上” ，但在学术写作中它是一个表示“精确地说”非常帮的词语）immediatelyrarelyentirelydo sth. Impulsivelyindiscriminately（不加选择的） /mechanically（机械的）≈ merely（注意只有 a little/ a bit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换）somewhat (注意只有 a little/ a bit 后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换 )primarily/ principally/ chiefly短语或句型regarding/ concerning/ with respect to/ withregard toprior to⋯a handful of (请注意仅指少数时 a couple of 容易被挑剔的考官判为过于口语化 )Hypothetically,⋯ / Theoretically,⋯ / In theory/ Ideally,...→ But in reality,⋯ / But in actuality,⋯ / But in practice,⋯(Ideally指“理想化地说” )Young people tend to⋯ =Young people typically⋯(tend to 和 typically 都是表示某一类人多半会怎样做的常用表达）is crying out for reform（固定短语）be brought to justicemake a concerted effort to do sth.It is standard practice for sb. to⋯is predicted on⋯have no option but to⋯ / have no alternative butto ⋯be worthwhileetc.（前面可加逗号）exceed/ surpassgrow dramatically/ soar/ rocket358fall fast359much higher360 a little higher361is closely connected 362through363on the whole364because of fall drastically/ plunge/ plummetconsiderably/ substantially/ significantly higher marginally higher/ slightly higher/ fractionally higheris intrinsically linked to⋯by way of (介词短语 )overalldue to/ owing to（新托福作文中这两个词组后面经常是跟负面含义的名词）365before (时间 )prior to366in this aspect in this regard/ in this respect 这(里不是尊重的意思，而是指某方面 )367despite/ in spite of notwithstanding（请注意这三个词都是后面不惜紧跟名词或者名词短语，而不可以直接跟从句）368in fact as a matter of fact ≈ in essence/ essentially (inessence/ essentially的意思是“本质上”）369besides apart from370about/ around approximately371It is obvious that⋯ It is evident that⋯372sth. stops.sth. comes to a standstill373be similar to ⋯be akin to 学⋯(术写作中相当常见的句型 ) 374 A is as ⋯ as B B is ⋯ A is equally⋯375It is impossible that It⋯is highly unlikely that⋯376 A has made B+adj./n.A has rendered B+adj./ n. （这里的宾语 B 后面只能是跟形容词或者名词）377 A has made B do sth.sth. does not always 378remain the same.A high percentage 379of ⋯380 The cause of⋯is 381 no matterA has promoted/ impelled sb. to do sth. （注意这两个词后面的宾语之后不能省略 to）sth. is not carved in stone （某事物并非一成不变）The proportion of ⋯ is very high（⋯⋯. 的比例很高）⋯can be attributed to/ can be ascribed to （可以归⋯因于⋯⋯)regardless of/ irrespective of（注意no matter后面一般跟从句，而 regardless of和 irrespective of 后面多数时候跟名词或者名词短语）talking about ⋯ /in terms of （⋯经常用来限制一个命题的适用范382围，比如 In terms of culture, this city is fascinating.speaking ofBut in terms of traffic, it is inferior. ）。