Redhat6.5基于网络安装服务器配置

概述本文以Redhat6.5为基础，通过配置网络安装服务器，实现Redhat Linux的网络安装。

主要用到的软件（服务）有DHCP,TFTP,NFS,Kickstart等。

本文只列出具体步骤，不含原理说明。

1.基础配置1.1更改IP地址[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0DEVICE=eth0HWADDR=08:00:27:53:44:fbTYPE=EthernetUUID=82affeef-922e-40b2-b89f-a5df8e9fa236ONBOOT=yesNM_CONTROLLED=yesBOOTPROTO=noneIPADDR=192.168.7.30NETMASK=255.255.255.0GATEWAY=192.168.7.1IPV6INIT=noUSERCTL=no[root@localhost ~]# ifup eth0Active connection state: activatedActive connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/11.2更改hostnme[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network[root@redhatnis ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/networkNETWORKING=yesHOSTNAME=redhatnis[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.7.30 redhatnis1.3关闭SELINUX及防火墙（iptables）[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config[root@redhatnis ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config |grep disa# d isabled - SELinux is fully disabled.SELINUX=disabled[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig |grep iptaiptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --level 2345 iptables off[root@localhost ~]# shutdown -ry 02.软件安装2.1挂载安装光盘[root@redhatnis ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mntmount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only[root@redhatnis ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root 20G 6.2G 12G 35% /tmpfs 940M 72K 940M 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot/dev/sr0 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /mnt2.2配置YUM源[root@redhatnis ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d[root@redhatnis yum.repos.d]# vi installmedia.repo[root@redhatnis yum.repos.d]# cat installmedia.repo[InstallMedia]name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5baseurl=file:///mnt/Serverenabled=1gpgcheck=0[root@redhatnis yum.repos.d]# yum listLoaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-managerThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.InstallMedia| 3.9 kB 00:00 ...Installed PackagesConsoleKit.x86_64 0.4.1-3.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64/6.52.3安装所需软件[root@redhatnis ~]# yum install -y -q xinetd tftp tftp-server ftp vsftpd dhcp nfs-utilsThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.3.配置DHCP Server[root@redhatnis ~]# cd /etc/dhcp[root@redhatnis dhcp]# vi dhcpd.conf[root@redhatnis dhcp]# cat dhcpd.conf## DHCP Server Configuration file.# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample# see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'#allow booting;allow bootp;#Boot 所需文件filename "pxelinux.0";#TFTP服务器IPnext-server 192.168.7.30;subnet 192.168.7.0 netmask 255.255.255.0{option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;#IP地址范围range 192.168.7.31 192.168.7.100;default-lease-time 21600;max-lease-time 43200;}[root@redhatnis dhcp]# service dhcpd startStarting dhcpd: [ OK ][root@redhatnis dhcp]# chkconfig --level 345 dhcpd on[root@redhatnis dhcp]# chkconfig |grep dhcpddhcpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off4.通过FTP（vsftpd）方式上传ISO镜像[root@redhatnis ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/[root@redhatnis vsftpd]# vi ftpusers[root@redhatnis vsftpd]# cat ftpusers |grep root#root[root@redhatnis vsftpd]# vi user_list[root@redhatnis vsftpd]# cat user_list |grep root#root[root@redhatnis ~]# service vsftpd startStarting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ][root@redhatnis ~]# chkconfig --level 345 vsftpd on此处上传ISO镜像[root@redhatnis ~]# ll /tmp |grep iso-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3853516800 Feb 16 08:40 rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso 5.配置NFS[root@redhatnis ~]# mkdir /iso[root@redhatnis ~]# mv /tmp/rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso /iso[root@redhatnis ~]# vi /etc/exports[root@redhatnis ~]# cat /etc/exports/iso *(ro)/mnt *(ro)[root@redhatnis ~]# service rpcbind statusrpcbind (pid 931) is running...[root@redhatnis ~]# service rpcidmapd statusrpc.idmapd (pid 1435) is running...[root@redhatnis ~]# service nfs startStarting NFS services: [ OK ]Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ][root@redhatnis ~]# showmount -eExport list for redhatnis:/mnt */iso *[root@redhatnis ~]# chkconfig --level 345 nfs on[root@redhatnis ~]# chkconfig |grep nfsnfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off6.配置TFTP Server[root@redhatnis ~]# mkdir /tftpboot[root@redhatnis ~]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp[root@redhatnis ~]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp# default: off# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \# p rotocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \# w orkstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \# a nd to start the installation process for some operating systems.service tftp{socket_type = dgramprotocol = udpwait = yesuser = rootserver = /usr/sbin/in.tftpdserver_args = -s /tftpbootdisable = noper_source = 11cps = 100 2flags = IPv4}7.复制相关文件[root@redhatnis ~]# mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro /iso/rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt [root@redhatnis ~]# cp -pr /mnt/images /iso[root@redhatnis ~]# cp -pr /mnt/Packages/syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64.rpm /iso[root@redhatnis ~]# ll /isototal 3764068dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 12 2013 images-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3853516800 Feb 16 14:10 rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso-r--r--r-- 1 root root 879224 Jan 4 2013 syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64.rpm[root@redhatnis ~]# ll /iso/images/total 185548-r--r--r-- 1 root root 380928 Nov 12 2013 efiboot.img-r--r--r-- 1 root root 37976064 Nov 12 2013 efidisk.img-r--r--r-- 1 root root 145731584 Nov 12 2013 install.img-r--r--r-- 1 root root 5898240 Nov 12 2013 product.img[root@redhatnis ~]# cd /iso[root@redhatnis iso]# rpm2cpio syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64.rpm |cpio -dimv[root@redhatnis iso]# lsimages rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64.rpm usr[root@redhatnis iso]# cp ./usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot[root@redhatnis iso]# cp ./images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /tftpboot[root@redhatnis iso]# cd /tftpboot/[root@redhatnis tftpboot]# cp /boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz ./8.创建default文件[root@redhatnis tftpboot]# mkdir pxelinux.cfg[root@redhatnis tftpboot]# cd pxelinux.cfg[root@redhatnis pxelinux.cfg]# cp /mnt/isolinux/isolinux.cfg ./default[root@redhatnis pxelinux.cfg]# vi default[root@redhatnis pxelinux.cfg]# cat defaultdefault linuxprompt 1timeout 60menu background splash.jpgmenu title Welcome to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5!menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffffmenu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000label linuxmenu label ^Install or upgrade an existing systemmenu defaultkernel vmlinuzappend ks=nfs:192.168.7.30:/iso/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.imglabel vesamenu label Install system with ^basic video driverkernel vmlinuzappend initrd=initrd.img xdriver=vesa nomodesetlabel rescuemenu label ^Rescue installed systemkernel vmlinuzappend initrd=initrd.img rescuelabel localmenu label Boot from ^local drivelocalboot 0xfffflabel memtest86menu label ^Memory testkernel memtestappend -[root@redhatnis pxelinux.cfg]# cd ..[root@redhatnis tftpboot]# lltotal 36676-r--r--r-- 1 root root 33383449 Feb 16 15:07 initrd.img-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26828 Feb 16 14:59 pxelinux.0drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 16 15:04 pxelinux.cfg-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1341 Feb 16 15:06 splash.xpm.gz-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 4128944 Feb 16 15:07 vmlinuz9.创建Kickstart 配置文件系统安装完后会在/root下生产anaconda-ks.cfg文件，也可以通过Kickstart Configurator软件来配置生成该文件。