(完整)2017届高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
浙江2017高考英语阅读理解【主旨大意题】讲解及选练(含答案)
浙江2017高考英语阅读理解【主旨大意题】讲解及选练（含答案）高考英语阅读理解常考点分析阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力 (细节理解题)；2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力 (词义猜测题) ；3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力 (主旨大意题)；4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。
【主旨大意题】主旨大意题要求考生对全文的内容或某一段或某几段的内容加以合理的归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一或某几个段落的理解概括能力。
它可以是文章或段落中心的陈述，也可以是文章标题的选择。
有些文章尤其是说明文和议论文，往往有主题句表明中心思想。
但有些文章，比如记叙文往往没有明确的主题句，需要考生在认真体会，明确作者的意图的基础上来概括文章的中心。
【备考策略】1. 注意主题段落和主题句的位置，特别是文章首段和结尾或段首和段尾；2. 注意提炼文章的关键词，文章的关键词有时候会出现在正确选项中。
【干扰项特点】1. 以偏概全。
干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
2. 主题扩大。
干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
3. 张冠李戴。
命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。
4. 断章取义。
干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
【真题回放】A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs withsymbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attentionA crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.（2013 浙江卷阅读理解A篇）45. The last two paragraphs are mainly about .A. the history of advertisingB. the benefits of advertisingC. the early forms of advertisingD. the basic design of advertising45. C。
英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
英理解主旨大意的解技巧高考理解主旨大意的考旨在考学生一篇文章或一个段落的深次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。
一般某一段或某一篇的主或目的。
目考的范是：根本点、文章、主或段落大意等。
它要求考生在理解全文的基上能好地运用概括、判断、、推理等思方法，文章行高度概括或，要求学生通快速取篇中心思想的能力，辨主要信息和次要信息的能力，以及要求学生要具有上下文的概括能力。
1、主旨大意干常的句形式1〕主旨句型Whatisthemainideaofthispassage？Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout？Wecanconclude/learnfromthepassagethat⋯⋯2〕最正确型Thebesttitleforthispassageis⋯⋯3〕作者主旨意型Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus？Whichcanexpressthepurposeofthewriteraccordingtothepassage？在高考阅读理解中，主旨大意题的考查占有十分重要的位置。
主题思想是文章的核心，能否抓住文章的主题思想，是考生阅读能力最主要的表达。
高考中阅读理解的测试，自然也以此作为检验考生阅读理解能力最重要的标准。
下面就这一题型给出一些思路、做题步骤及技巧：.划分文章结构。
英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。
主题段通常在文章的开头或结尾，简要概括文章的中心思想。
段与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。
为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比拟、类比等手法来透彻说明主题观点。
因此根据文章理顺文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法，理清全文结构安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。
要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾也就是文章的中心段落，要抓住文中具有概括性的信息，从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文，看作者主要谈的是什么，透过文字表达的过程来归纳主题，再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。
高三英语浅析阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧
位敦市安定阳光实验学校浅析阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧孙三五主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中不可缺少的阅读题型之一，而且难度比较大。
细分起来，主要考查学生对文章的中心思想、作者的态度以及写作意图的理解能力。
本文结合高考试题（保留原题号）来谈一谈主旨题的一些特点及解题技巧。
一、设题方式考查文章的中心思想The main idea/key point of this passage is that_________ .The passage is mainly about _________.From the passage we can learn/conclude that_________ .Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?考查文章标题的选择The best title/headline for this passage is_________ .Which of the following is the best title?What would be the best title for the text?The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________ .考查作者的写作态度和意图What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?The writer’s purpose in wri ting this story is_________ .In the passage the author wants to tell_________ .The writer’s attitude toward ... is_________ .二、干扰项特点1. 以偏概全。
高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
《高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧》一、引言在学习英语的过程中，阅读理解一直是一个需要重点关注和加强的部分。
而其中的主旨大意题更是考验着学生们的理解能力和语言运用能力。
本文将针对高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧展开讨论，希望通过深入的分析和实用的技巧，帮助学生更好地掌握这一部分内容。
二、什么是主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中的一种常见题型，要求读者从一篇文章中归纳出文章的中心思想或者总体意图。
在解答这类题目时，不仅需要理解文章中的具体内容，还需要把握文章的大局，抓住作者的写作意图和核心论点。
三、解题技巧1. 阶段式阅读法我们需要采用阶段式阅读法来解决主旨大意题。
这意味着在回答问题之前，我们需要进行两到三遍的阅读，以确保我们对文章内容的整体把握和细节了解都到位。
在每一次阅读时，都要有一个明确的阅读目标，例如第一遍阅读关注文章的大意，第二遍阅读关注论据和论点的支持，第三遍阅读关注作者的态度和观点等。
通过多次阶段式阅读，我们可以更全面地理解文章的内容，也更容易找到文章的主旨大意。
2. 关键词标记在阅读的过程中，我们需要对文章中的关键词和关键句进行标记。
这些关键词和关键句往往能够帮助我们更好地把握文章的中心思想，也有助于在回答问题时更快地找到答案。
特别是一些表达中心意思的关键词，如“因此”、“总之”等，这些词往往会出现在文章的重点段落中，是我们找到文章主旨大意的关键线索。
3. 排除法另外，在解答主旨大意题时，我们还可以运用排除法。
在选项中，通常会有一些离题的选项，我们可以通过排除这些离题选项，来缩小正确答案的范围。
这需要我们对文章内容有一个清晰的理解，能够通过选项的排除来找到正确的主旨大意。
4. 注重上下文在解答主旨大意题时，我们需要结合文章的整体内容来确定答案。
这就需要我们注重上下文的联系和整体的逻辑。
文章的主旨往往是通过多个段落或者整篇文章来逐渐展现的，要把握这个过程，并从整体出发寻找主旨大意。
英语阅读理解中主旨大意题的答题技巧
英语阅读理解中主旨大意题的答题技巧一、考查方向这种综合概括类题目的一般范闱是：根本论点、文章标题、主题和段落大意，主要是测试考生阅读理解的根本能力，考查学生在语言水平上对文章的整体把握：能否分辨主题与细节：能否具有综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力。
这类题目一般有以下几种提问方式：这类题目一般有以下几种提问方式：(―)中心思想类1.The main idea / general idea of the passage is。
2.The text is mainly about。
3.This passage mainly tells us。
4.What is the topic of the text？5.What does the first / second / last paragraph discuss？6.The passage (The third paragraph) deals with。
7.Which of the following best summarizes the passage？(二)标题类1.The best title / headline for the passage would be。
2.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？3.What is the best title for the passage？(三)写作意图类1.What is the purpose of the passage？2.The passage is trying to。
3.The author writes this passage in order to。
4.Tlie purpose of the passage is to。
5.The passage is written for。
二、中心思想与标题之间的差异A title is an identifying name given to a book， film， play， composition or other work。
主旨大意题的解题技巧
主旨大意题的解题技巧主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和归纳能力。
主要有主题型和标题型两类，题干中一般有main idea, topic, title, mainly about等字眼。
1、快速解题法此类题的阅读文章多属于议论文和说明文，其结构特点常表现为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或阐明观点。
考生对这一结构的掌握，有助于迅速掌握文章的主题，把握文章的脉络，从而快捷而准确地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。
解答此类题目的关键在于迅速抓住阅读文章的主题句。
考生只要找准了主题句，对于阅读理解中的主旨大意题就迎刃而解了。
主题句的显著特点：主题句所表达的意思具有明显的概括性；句子结构简单精练；文章或段落中的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或扩展。
主题句的五种位置：①文首；②文尾；③首尾呼应；④文中；⑤没有主题句。
主题句的确定方法：用浏览法（skimming），即只需选读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
2、辨认主旨小窍门①段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。
②作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨。
③首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答可能就是文章主旨。
④提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示：therefore, thus, but, however, in short 等。
3、答题基本步骤①阅读文章开头几句和最后几句，以便获得有关主题和中心思想的信息。
②浏览文章的其余部分，寻找能支撑和论证主题、中心思想的关键词。
③仔细推敲各个选项，排除有明显错误或无关信息的选项，从而选出最佳答案。
4、推敲正误小窍门①正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。
②正确选项一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
③那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项一般是正确答案。
④四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案。
⑤干扰项特点：细节信息明显，内容片面，以偏概全，只含局部信息，或是一句没有展开论述的话，概括范围太宽或太窄，或是此选项没有具体的内容。
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
⾼考英语阅读理解主旨⼤意题解题技巧如何做阅读理解主旨⼤意题？
1) 主旨⼤意题属于归纳概括题。
如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。
2) 找准⽂章的主题句是关键。
“主题句定位法”是⼀种⾏之有效的⽅法。
在答题时，我们可以：读⾸句抓⼤意
读尾句抓⼤意
读⾸尾段抓⼤意
3.) ⽆明显主题句时⾼频信息词
任⼀篇⽂章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的⽂章中最明显的特点之⼀是有⼀个反复出现的中⼼词，即⾼频词，也叫做主题词。
抓住了它，便容易抓住⽂章的中⼼。
具体范例及具体的细节分析可按下⾯的课件：。
英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧
英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解主要考查考生能够在单位时间内快速阅读英语短文，了解短文的主题思想，对文中信息进行分析、推理、判断，并把握上下文事实、细节之间的时空顺序和逻辑关系，理解作者的意图、态度以及文章寓意的能力。
综观历年阅读理解题的设问，我们可以看出：试题设问手法灵活、提问深入，而且语篇意识进一步加强了；不仅要求学生理解文章的字面意思，还要求学生理解文章的内在含义。
阅读理解的考查题型主要有六大类：细节理解题，推理判断题，主旨大意题，词义猜测题，判断作者意图、态度、观点题和判断文章的基本结构题。
其中，主旨大意题型旨在考察考生通过快速阅读获取语篇的中心思想的能力，以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。
要求考生运用逻辑概括能力，从文章的字里行间获取文章中的代表性观点和中心论点。
主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，错误主要表现为：概括文章中心时以偏概全（只见树木不见森林），概括性不够，或者概括过度，超出了文本的内容，缺乏针对性。
高考阅读理解主旨大意题型的命题形式主要有：1. The main topic/subject of the passge is _____.2. What is mainly discussed in the text/X paragraph？3. What is the main idea of the passage？4. The purpose of this passage is _____.5. The passage mainly focused on _____.6. What would be the best title/topic/headline of the text？上述命题形式大致可以概括为三类：选择段落或文章的主题思想、写作目的和标题。
下面结合高考实例来分析主旨大意题的解题技巧。
一、文章或者某段落的主旨大意——主题句定位法众所周知，文章是由段落组成，每个段落都是围绕某个中心思想展开的一群句子的组合，而段落的中心思想又是为文章主旨服务的。
高考英语主旨大意题答题技巧
高考英语主旨大意题答题技巧我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。
因此，主旨大意题是常考题。
主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea， mainly 2匕。
仇)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。
一、主要内容型［技巧点拨］弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。
各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。
议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。
找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。
找主题句的四个小窍门：1.段落中出现表转折的词语(如 however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。
2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。
3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4.表示总结或结论的话常有 therefore，thus， in short， conclude，conclusion 等。
经典例题1. That' s when Jack arrived on the scene. He was different from any other guy I’ d dated. He could sit for hours on the piano bench with my mother, discussing some composers. My brother Rick loudly announced that Jack wasrf t a turkey like the other guys I' d brought home. Jack passed my family' s test. But what about Dad’ s?What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A.Jack got the family' s approv al except Dad’ s.B.Jack was different from any other boy.C.Jack was getting on well with Mother.D.Jack knew a lot about piano.答案：A解析：通过第二段的内容可知Jack赢得了作者全家人的欣赏，但由于作者的父亲已去世，作者不知道Jack在父亲那儿是否也能通过，故A正确。
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之主旨大意题讲义
主旨大意题一、总体解题思路1、宏观上分清文章体裁（记叙文、科普类的说明文议论文）和捋清文章行文脉络二、记叙文：主旨一般在首段和尾段出现（扫读重点关注首尾段各段首尾句或第二句以及转折处句子）第1篇I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voiceand they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.and an addedsource(来源) ofAs a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]既然是记叙文一般就从首尾段找主旨I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]从首尾段提取主题词可以快速缩小选择范围提高准确率即微观上要抓住主题词那么主题词特征有以下几个●反复高频出现●绝大多数以名词为主动词和形容词为辅●出现时往往前有铺垫后有解释说明I和library 就是反复出现高频词并且说的就是I和library的关系优先排除A和B 都属于无中生有显然Young属于偷换概念只有D 和主题词切合并且逻辑关系是呼应的即I和library的关系第2篇Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume thatmore is more when it es to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about being a doctor)For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, pletely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.[ 2018全国III卷D ]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子（每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that提取首尾段首先排除A 和D 显然文中没有提及属于无中生有文中是帮助孩子学习而B的向孩子学习显然属于颠倒逻辑答案C就是直接来自首段尾句其实当文章自问自答或者提出了问题那么后面的回答就是文章的主题三、科普类文章：主旨一般与研究结果或专家建议观点紧密相关快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论第3篇We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.What's the problem? It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's challenging, or we think it's unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big advantages. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social munication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just municate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to look for an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their waiter reported higher positive (积极的) feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband." says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a greater sense of belonging (归属感), a relationship with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners." he says [2018II卷D篇]通过每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找出观点结论性的词句We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.首段只是一个铺垫而第二段but转折词后面信息才是关键信息，Small talk是在文中反复出现的高频词文章结构属于总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释科普类文章的一大特点提出一个现象或问题再提出观点结论然后进行解释说明首先就可以排除A和C 那么B和D 那个和主旨更切合呢B和D结构相同都是of结构显然D文中并没有提到ways，而是反复在讲advantages第4篇We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.Oh Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of seadwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea.' In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at highthere were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]显然首段的首句就是一种观点，第二句又用科学研究发现来进一步证实另外evolution及近义词是反复出现的高频词文章属于总分结构：总观点+分别解释这道题难在出题者对选项答案进行了巧妙化处理并没有直接使用文中的词句故意进行了变换增加了难度和迷惑性不过可以先使用排除法B选项skills文中并未提及属于无中生有，偏离文章主题D 选项中的字眼Best绝对化像这样的选项除非文中明确指出来了，否则带有绝对性字眼的选项不要选另外文中说的是better而非best C选项methods文中也未提到属于无中生有正面分析 A 选项关键词就是remodeled 进行拆分re再次ed过去分词表完成状态model 模式模型——再模型化——重构改型含义=evolution出题者为了增加难度往往把正确答案设定成原文词的同义词近义词或短语第5篇Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overing this very tiny big problem? lt's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers e and really do an inperson review, and..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hoursand..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）首段提出问题but转折之后的尾句才是关键信息而第二段首句直接给出观点回答问题，NASA HUNCH是反复出现的词典型的总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释提出问题解决问题解释说明其实有时候归纳出文章主旨并不难，而难在出题人在选项上故意设置陷阱迷惑我们，刁难大家让你误入歧途所以我们要紧紧抓住主旨去排除错误选项，选择正确选项本文主旨说的是NASA的HUNCH项目与high school classrooms之间关系HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 那么首先可以排除A和C 因为A只讲了NASA 而后面的the home 纯属无中生有而C选项Nature是属于偷换概念用于代替NASA显然不对另外文中也没有提及outdoor classroom那么D中虽然有HUNCH 但后面讲的是大学准入改革而HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. 说的是有影响并不是说HUNCH program就是准入改革风马牛不相及只有B选项提到了Space 与NASA有关对应后面还提到homework与high school classrooms 紧密相关对应B选项同时把space和homework联系起来与文中主旨NASA与high school classrooms联系是呼应的贴合的总结解主旨题要把明确文章体裁握住文章的行文脉络和结构从每段首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找主旨段主旨句主题词从而归纳出主旨还要紧扣主旨去选择和排除那么具有迷惑性的错误答案另外明确了文章了主旨对于读懂文章和做其他题型都有帮助毕竟主旨对全文和所有的题都有统摄作用作者不可能偏离主题去写文章出题者也不可能偏离主题去出题。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子 则是论证性细节。在说明文，科技文献和新闻报 道中多采用这种格式。
Sample 2
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.
这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题 句。
（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。 作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后自 然得出结论，即段落的主题。本段的中心思 想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。
Sample 3
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
（3）在短文中间
当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问 题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑 的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.
主题句在短文中间
• 1)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词 • “but, yet, however, in fact, indeed,”等，
1) 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式 • The main idea of the passage is … • The passage is mainly about … • What is the passage mainly about? • Which of the following statements best
expresses the main idea of the passage? 2) 目的类主旨大意题 • The passage is meant to … • The purpose of this article is to … • The author intends to... 3) 标题类主旨大意题 • The best title for the passage might be …
What is the story mainly about?
It is important to learn a foreign language.
主旨大意
考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理 解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意 的能力。
Step 2: Question forms about the main idea
任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章 中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高 频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中 心。
Sample 1
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and 叶小庆
Step 1:Lead-in
A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush.She watched the cat,and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely,”Woof,woof,woof!”the cat was so frightered that it ran for it’s life.Mother mouse turned to her babies and said ,”Now,do you understand the value of a second language?”
Step 3: How to get the main idea
1) 主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含 的信息往往是关键信息。
2) 找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种 行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：
读首句抓大意 读尾句抓大意 在中间抓大意 读首尾段抓大意
3.)主题句隐含在全文中 无主题句隐含在全文中明显主题句时高频信息词