2017高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题
浙江2017高考英语阅读理解【主旨大意题】讲解及选练(含答案)
浙江2017高考英语阅读理解【主旨大意题】讲解及选练（含答案）高考英语阅读理解常考点分析阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力 (细节理解题)；2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力 (词义猜测题) ；3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力 (主旨大意题)；4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。
【主旨大意题】主旨大意题要求考生对全文的内容或某一段或某几段的内容加以合理的归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一或某几个段落的理解概括能力。
它可以是文章或段落中心的陈述，也可以是文章标题的选择。
有些文章尤其是说明文和议论文，往往有主题句表明中心思想。
但有些文章，比如记叙文往往没有明确的主题句，需要考生在认真体会，明确作者的意图的基础上来概括文章的中心。
【备考策略】1. 注意主题段落和主题句的位置，特别是文章首段和结尾或段首和段尾；2. 注意提炼文章的关键词，文章的关键词有时候会出现在正确选项中。
【干扰项特点】1. 以偏概全。
干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
2. 主题扩大。
干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
3. 张冠李戴。
命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。
4. 断章取义。
干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
【真题回放】A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs withsymbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attentionA crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.（2013 浙江卷阅读理解A篇）45. The last two paragraphs are mainly about .A. the history of advertisingB. the benefits of advertisingC. the early forms of advertisingD. the basic design of advertising45. C。
四川2017高考英语阅读理解_主旨大意题讲解及选练(含答案)
2017高考英语阅读理解--主旨大意题讲解及选练（含答案）2017高考英语阅读理解解题指导【1】阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。
下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。
一、主旨大意题此类题型主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。
一种命题方式是对整篇文章或者某一段落大意的概括，提问方式一般是：What is the text mainly about?/What is the main idea of the text/ the second paragraph?；另一种命题方式是提炼文章的标题，其提问方式一般是：What can be the best title for the text?阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。
有时候，文章或段落中没有明确的主题句，需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章或段落的主旨大意。
同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。
此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。
【例1】(2013安徽卷B篇)Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.63. The text is mainly about ______.A. why paving roads reduces our waterB. how much we depend on water to liveC. why droughts occur more in dry climatesD. how human activity affects our water supply解析：文章主要介绍了由于一些不合理的人类活动，导致了水资源的短缺，呼吁大家从我做起，从小事做起来保护水资源。
2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析---阅读理解说明类
2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析阅读理解说明类一、2019年高考真题1. 【2019·全国卷I，C】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A. It'll be environment-friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plastics.D. It'll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。
高中英语真题：2017高考英语阅读理解一轮(九月)精编(五)
2017高考英语阅读理解一轮（九月）精编（五）阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A lot of us lose life's tough battles by starting a frontal attack--when a touch of humor might well enable us to win. Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who was on his trapped w ay to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum(最后通牒) about the job. Although there was a good reason for Sam' s being late--serious illness at home--he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldn't work any longer. His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal s peech.Yes, the boss was, Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room; everyone was hard at work. S am's supervisor came up to him. Suddenly, Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand. "How do you do!" he said. "I'm S am Maynard. I'm applying for a job, which, I understand, beca me available just 35 minutes ago. Does the early bird get the worm?"The room exploded in laughter, except that the supervisor ha d to clamp off a smile and walked back to his office. Sam May nard had saved his job--with the only tool that could win, a laugh.Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying "no", criticizing, g etting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing f ace. For some jobs, it's the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may s tart a quarrel. For example, many believe that comedians on t elevision are doing more today for racial and religious toleran ce than people in any other forum.1. Why was Sam late for his job?A. Because he was seriously ill at home.B. Because he received an ultimatum.C. Because he was busy applying for a new job.D. Because he was caught in a traffic jam.2. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Sam Maynard saved his job with humor.B. Humor is important in our lives.C. Early bird can get the worm.D. Humor can solve racial discriminations.3. The phrase "clamp off" in Paragraph 3 means ________.A. try to hold backB. pretend to setC. send offD. give out4. Which of the following statements can we infer from the pa ssage?A. Many lose life's battles for they are always late.B. Sam was supposed to come to his office at 8:30.C. It wasn't the first time that Sam came late for his work.D. Humor is the most effective way of solving problems.1、答案解析：答案为D。
2017年高考北京卷英语参考答案与解析
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查上下文线索。A听起来，B得到，变得，C感觉，D看起来。根据上文，Hannah的感觉是sad，所以她妈妈告诉她如果她可以做点什么，改变这一切，那么她就不会感觉这么糟糕了，此处应填“感到”，故选C。輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶蛴镧釃。
44.
【答案】D
【解析】此题考查上下文线索。A交换，B离开、留下，C保持，D传播。根据此段第一句的speak out，Hannah开始在公开场合做些关于无家可归的人的演讲，想呼吁人们关注他们，根据speak out，可知此空是说她希望传播希望和提升人们的意识，故选D。尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅瀝纰縭。
【解析】本题考察名词性从句，动词knowing之后是宾语从句，head是不及物动词，从句不缺主干成分，故选择连接副词，根据意思选择where，答案选B。茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪镀齐鈞。
27
【答案】C
【翻译】现在很多航空公司允许乘客们在线打印他们登机牌来节省时间。
【解析】本题考察非谓语动词，to do表示目的，答案选C。
【答案】D
【翻译】吉姆已经退休了，但是他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作定语。我们常说“度过时光”，所以time和spend是被动关系，故选D spent用过去分词表示被动和完成，答案选B。铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡缝勵罴。
33
【答案】B
【翻译】现在人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗，所以人们活得更久了。
—没问题。
【解析】本题考查并列连词。两个并列句存在因果关系，前一句是因，后一句是果，表示因果关系的连词，结果是用so。but是表示转折关系的连词，or是表示选择关系的连词，for是表示因果关系的连词，后接原因，答案选D。彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑诒尔肤。
2017年高考英语试题全解析有答案【精编】
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试天津卷英语本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。
第I卷1至10页，第II卷11至12页。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。
答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
祝各位考生考试顺利！第I卷注意事项：1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例：Stand over there___________ you’ll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while 答案是B。
1. —Albert’s birthday is on next Saturday, and I’m planning a surprise party for him. —__________. I’ll bring some wine.A. Sounds like funB. It dependsC. Just a minuteD. You are welcome【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:艾儿伯特的生日在下星期日,我准备给他办一个惊喜派对,听起来很有趣,我将带些酒来,选择A。
2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. daren’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。
2017-2018学年高考英语 大题精做 03 主旨大意题(含解析)新人教版
主旨大意题【题型突破】主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。
它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
选择＂主题＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。
常见的提问方式有：1. What is the main / general idea of this text?2. What is mainly discussed in this passage?3. What is the text mainly about?4. This text mainly tells us ________.5. This passage mainly deals with _________.6. The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________.选择标题题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。
通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。
常见的提问方式有：1. What would be the best title for the text?2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text?3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________.4. The topic of this passage is _________.不管是选择＂主题＂还是选择＂标题＂，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。
2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编(52)
2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（52）阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives (观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part. in. and live in.With this unshakable belief, I, at. fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other people’s writing can one discover what works, what doesn’t and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has.Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction (文学作品)．As a. law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matter—the volume (量) of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldn't necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.( ) 1. What can be inferred about the author as a child?A. He never watched TV.B. He read what he had to.C. He found reading unbelievable.D. He considered reading part of his life.( ) 2. The underlined word "voice" in the second paragraph most probably means “”.A. an ideaB. a sound qualityC. a way of writingD. a world to write about( ) 3. What effect does reading have on the author?A. It helps him to realize his dream.B. It opens up a wider world for him.C. It makes his college life more interesting.D. It increases his interest in worldwide travel.( ) 4. Which of the following can be the best title of this text?A. Why do I read?B. How do I read?C. What do I read?D. When do I read?语篇解读：本篇文章是记叙文。
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或“提问——-回答——解释”。
4）首尾——首尾呼应，烘托主题
语篇结构为:提出主题—— 展开论述或说明
——进一步引申或发展主题 —Sm—o—k—in—g—ci—ga—re—tt—es—i—s —ha—rm—f—u—l t—o —yo—ur hs—me—aol—tkhi—n. Egxcpaenricmaeunstescsahnocwert.hBaet sciidgeasretthtee most serious and terrible disease illness, cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, s—m—o—ki—ng—i—s h—a—rm—f—ul. Is it worth it?
1、段首——开门见山，点出主题。 语篇结构为：点出主题——围绕主题 展开陈述、论证或说明
Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic(民主的) discussion type of class. _N__o_o_n_e__te_a_c_h_i_n_g__m_e_t_h_o_d__c_a_n_b_e__d_e_s_ig_n_e_d__to _s_a_t_is_f_y_a_l_l _s_tu_d__en__ts__a_t _t_h_e_s_a_m__e_t_im__e_.
【Practice 2】 (2014山东)
Are you lazy about brushing your teeth? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush (invented by Serval) senses how long and how well you brush…
正确选项的特点：不出现细节信息，不含过分肯 定或绝对意义的词; 概括全文, 内容全面,含义 深刻, 贴切准确。
【Practice 4】
Smoking cigarettes is harmfu帽l t子o y太ou大r health.
Ecaxupseer画ciman蛇ecnet添rs.sB足heoswidtehsatthceigmaorestttseesrmioouks ianngdcan
On the satellite designed by Dana, there is a radar system that would scan for and find a piece of space junk. Then, thrusters(推进器) would change the satellite’s orbit so that it could chase down the object. As the satellite got close to the junk, cameras would keep it on target. At the last minute, a door that leads to a bulletproof (防弹的) container would open, and then get the junk swallowed. Finally, when the trash container was full, it would be lowered toward Earth on a kilometers-long cable and its contents released into the upper atmosphere, where the space junk would harmlessly burn up.
__S_e_r_v_a_l _sa_y_s_h_e_w__a_s _in_s_p_ir_e_d_b_y__h_is_e_x_p_e_r_ie_n_c_e_a_s_a fa_t_h_e_r. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
A. Ways of making coffee
B. Coffee around the world
C. Advice on buying coffee
D. Benefits of drinking coffee 解题分析：
该主题句的话题是：Coffee 解释性的词：is a universal drink that is served in 标题： different ways around the world.
（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度
学习任务
掌握主旨大意题的解题策略
学习任务一
了解主旨大意题的设题方式
1) 主题类 • The main idea of the passage is … • The passage is mainly about … • What is the passage mainly about? • Which of the following statements is the
主题句的位置
1、段(文)首——开门见山，点出主题； 2、段(文)尾——详细论证，总结陈词； 3、段(文)中——引题过渡，导出主题; 4、段(文)首尾—首尾呼应，烘托主题；
学习任务三
掌握提炼主题句的方法
以该主题句中的“话题”为核心， 把解释性的词按一定的语法浓缩为 概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组 或短句。
Sample
某一文章的主题句为：
An advertising slogan is to a brand what eyes are to a person.
该主题句的话题是：slogan
解释性的词：
is to a brand what eyes are to a person
由此拟定标题为：Slogan And Brand.
●What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him. B. What’s the most important invention . C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth. D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush
（2）段尾——详细论证，总结陈词。
语篇结构为：表述细节——概括主题 （归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议）
Sample 3
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. _In__f_a_c_t_, _th__e_m__o_d__e_r_n_f_l_a_s_h_l_ig__h_t_b_r_i_n_g_s___ _li_g_h_t_t_o__m__a_n_y__d_a_r_k__s_i_tu_a__ti_o_n_s_._Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
学习任务五： 主旨大意题选项的特点 干扰项的特点 1.画蛇添足:即文中根本没有提到，把自己的观点
强加给作者以充当主题，或在文中找不到语言 依据的信息。 2.帽子太大:即选择的主题过于笼统，与细节脱节 或文章缺乏充分的论证。 3.以偏概全:即只抓住了主题的一个侧面或一句没 有展开论述的句子而误认为是主题。
学习任务二
掌握定位主题句的方法
利用主题句，快速把握段落、文章大 意，是做好主旨大意题的重要技巧。
Sample 1
L_u__n_g__c_a_n_c_e_r__is__t_h_e__w_o_r_s_t__c_a_n_c_e_r__k_i_ll_e_r_i_n__ A__m_e_r__ic_a . About 160,440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking according to the Lung Cancer Organization.
Reading is everything!
英语学科英阅语读考理试解大高纲考说明
要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般