Unit20拟声词的翻译Onomatopoeia
第八讲 拟声词的翻译

• 英语中一些感叹词的意义跟字典上的解释不尽相 同,要在日常生活中才能体会到。Oh的字典意义 是“嗬;哦;哎呀”,表示惊讶、恐惧等。但将 这个词连起来用,却是“糟了、坏了”的意思, 如:Oh, oh,the Ozone hole is back!糟了 糟了, 糟了 臭氧层的穿孔又出现了。Whew的字典意义是 “唷”,表示惊讶、失望、厌恶,常含诙谐之意。 在日常生活中,常能听到人们在遇险或干了重活 以后用这个词,比如:Whew,that piano was heavy!咻,那架钢琴真重! 咻
Onomatopoeia 是一种构词方法
• The beginning of human speech is based on the concept of natural sounds. The suggestion is that primitive words could have been imitations of natural sounds which clearly men and women heard around them. • G. Yule “The Study of Language”
• 重复鼻音[m]可以象征昆虫的营营声,鸟的喃喃 声,车轮的隆隆声,如humming哼哼/嗡嗡, hummer蜂鸟,murmur喃喃自语,mumble咕 哝。 • [r]音仿粗糙、尖锐、重浊声音,如rumble隆隆 声,rattle尖利声,cry喊叫,crack爆裂声, groan呻吟。 • [fl]表示流动、闪烁等意,如flap飘动,flash闪 烁,fly飞。 • [sl]象征平滑,如slip滑,slide滑动,slime滑脱。 • [gl]使人联想起光亮,gleam闪光,glare强光, glaze上光,glisten亮晶晶,glow红光,glitter 闪闪发光。
《拟声词的翻译》

拟声the rataplan of the drum the clangour of the gong the clanking of thechains/kettlesthe ding-dong of thehammerthe clashing of theknives &swords the tick-tack of theclock &watchthe tinkling of the pianothe tinkling of the phone(the tingling of the glass) the jingling of the bellsthe jangling of the bicyclethe screeching of thebrakesthe squeaking of theradiothe creaking/ rattlingof thehandcartthe rumbling of the cart the rumbling of thetruck(the rumbling of thethunder) (the rumbling of thestomache) (the booming ofartillery)the bumping of the van the clanging of the tram&trolley the humming of thesubway the puffing of the train the tooting of the bugle&horn & train whistle the shrieking of the siren(fire~/air-raid/ambula nce)the whee-ee-ee of thepolice whistlesthe whirring of themachinethe clacking, rattlingof themachines the clattering of theautomotonsthe clattering of bowls and dishes/knives andforksthe clattering of the horsethe clip-clop of the horsethe chattering of amachine& a machine gun the banging of the door the slamming of the door the crashing of the door the crashing of the planethe crashing of thunderand lightning the thwacking(whacking)on the deskthe banging of thefirecrackersthe cracking of thefireworks the cracking of theburningsticksthe r-ratching of thematchesthe sputtering of thesparksthe rustling of the leaves水等液体声the rippling of the streamthe chattering of the waterthe bubbling of the water( “splish-splosh” ) the sizzling of the liquida sizzling hot daythe drip-drop of the waterthe splashing of the rainsplash through the mire squelch through the snow ( “puchi-puchi” )the squashing of thewater in the wetrainboots人发出的各种声音the clicking of thehigh-heeledshoesthe plopping of theteardropsthe thudding of the heartthe thumping on the chestsmack sb. In the face gurgle down the throat keep on clack-clack-clacking whispering andchattering muttering / mur-muring sneezing / snoringthe chattering /prattling of thechildrenthe whoops of joy( “hurrah”“hurray” ) ( shout/yell/shriek/wh istle )chuckle抿嘴暗笑/咯咯叫giggle咯咯傻笑snicker/snigger窃笑/马嘶鸣sniff嗤之以鼻snort“哼”sneer讥笑sputter唾液飞溅sobbing/ crying of sadnessgrunt/ grumble/ mumble of complaints “Ouch”in the pain各种动物叫声An ass brays. (hee-haws).A bee hums.(buzzes, drones).A bird twitters.(chirps, chirrups).A bittern booms.A bull bellows(lows).A calf bleasts.A cat miaows.(miaus,mews, purrs)A chick cheeps.(pips, peeps)A cicada chirps/chirrups.A cock crows.A cow moos(lows).A crane whoops.A cricket chirps/chirrups.A crow caws(croaks).A deer bleats.A dog barks.(yaps, yelps,bays, snarls,growls, howls)A donkey brays(hee-haws).A dove coos.A duck quacks.An elephant trumpets.A fly hums/buzzes/drones.A fox yelps.A frog croaks.A goat bleats.A goose cackles(gaggles).A hen cackles. (chucks, chuckles, clucks)A horse neighs.(whinnies, nickers)A lamb bleats(baas).A lion roars.A magpie chatters.A monkey screeches. (chatters, gibbers, jabbers)A mosquito hums/buzzes.A mouse squeaks(peeps).A nightingale jugs/jug-jugsAn owl hoots(whoops).A parrot squawks.A pig grunts(squeals).A pigeon coos.A sheep bleats(bass).A snake hisses.A sparrow twitters(chirps)A tiger growls.A turkey gobbles.A whale blows.A wild-goose honks.A wolf howls(growls). Translation of Onomatopoeia英语拟声词多用做动词或名词,往往做谓语,主语,或宾语。
Onomatopoeia(象声词)

Onomatopoeia(象声词)Onomatopoeia(拟声词、象声词)onomatopoeia拟声(说), 【语】拟声法Onomatopoeia is the imitation of natural sounds in word form. These words help us form mental pictures about the things, people, or places that are described. Sometimes the word names a thing or action by copying the sound. For example: Bong! Hiss! Buzz!Onomatopoeia(occasionally spelled onomateopoeia or onomatop?ia,from Greek ονοματοποι?α) is a word or a grouping o f words that imitates the sound it is describing, suggesting its source object, such as "click," "clang," "buzz," or animal noises such as "oink", "quack", "flap", "slurp", or "meow". The word is a synthesis of the Greek words ?νομα (onoma, = "name") and ποι?ω (poieō, = "I make" or "I do") thus it essentially means "name creation", although it makes more sense combining "name" and "I do", meaning it is named (& spelled) as it sounds (e.g. quack, bang, etc.).【Wikipedia】象声词(又称拟声词,onomatopoeia )是用语音模拟自然声音形成的词,其语音形式在元音、音高、节奏上体现所拟声音的特点,语义内容具有很强的语境依赖性,但也有部分符号化了。
整理版英语象声词翻译及举例

英语动物拟声词及其翻译一、引言英语与汉语虽然属于两种不同的语言系统,但是都有着丰富的拟声词。
英语拟声(onomatopoeia) 与汉语修辞格拟声完全相同,都是模拟事物自然声音的一种构词方法。
各种动物的声音在经验世界中随处可闻,动物拟声词也就应运而生。
动物拟声词在英语拟声词中占有很重要的份额,它比汉语动物拟声词还要丰富多样。
汉语动物拟声词往往用简单和笼统的一个“叫”字来表述,而英语一般都用专门的拟声词来表达各种不同动物的叫声。
正确地翻译动物拟声词,能够烘托气氛、显示意境、增强声势和实地情景感,使平淡的句子变得鲜活生动、富有情趣,创造出一种使人身临其境、如闻其声的氛围,达到传声达情和闻声解意的语用目的。
二、英语动物拟声词的类型与翻译英语动物拟声词可以分为直接拟声( Primary Onomatopoeia) 和间接拟声( Secondary Onomatopoeia) 两种类型,在翻译中存在着较明显的区别。
直接拟声指的是动物的声音与意义基本吻合,能够直接产生音义之间的相互联想。
如听见[mu : ]的声音使人想到母牛的“哞哞”声。
英语中许多表示动物鸣叫声的词是直接拟声,它与汉语的拟声词存在许多相同之处,在发音上十分接近。
如猫叫声,英语拟声词为mew , miaow , 汉语拟声词为“喵”;鸽子的叫声,英语拟声词为coo ,汉语拟声词为“咕咕”;鸭子的叫声,英语拟声词为quack ,汉语拟声词为“呱呱”;鹅的叫声,英语拟声词为cackle ,汉语拟声词为“咯咯”;青蛙的叫声,英语拟声词为croak ,汉语拟声词为“嗝嗝”。
这类拟声词摹拟动物的发音,英语与汉语基本上相同或相近,翻译时只要借助汉语的习惯表达法,就能够使读者达到动物如在眼前的感受,从而产生丰富的联想。
间接拟声指的是词的发音并不直接唤起某种听觉的经验,即并非对动物自然声音的直接模拟,而是引起一种运动的感觉,或者某种物质与精神特性的感觉。
换言之,间接拟声是指音与某种象征性意义发生联想。
6、onomatopoeia

6. Onomatopoeia(拟声)Onomatopoeia(拟声)一词源于希腊语onomatopoiia,意即name-making(造词),大概同早期人类根据物体发出的声音造词命名有关。
例如,cuckoo(杜鹃鸟)即根据叫声cuckoo得名。
Onomatopoeia是通过模仿、描绘和渲染人类万物的声音来修辞的辞格,运用它能刺激人们的听觉,产生语音象征意义的联想,从而增强语言表达的直观性、生动性和形象性,给人以一种而闻其声、身临其境的感觉。
英语里存在大量拟声词(Imitative words),这为Onomatopoeia的运用创造了条件。
英语拟声词大体可以分为以下三类:(1)模仿人类声音构成的拟声词例如,aha(啊哈,表示得意),sh(嘘,示意安静), boo(呸,表示轻蔑),wow(表示惊奇、喜悦、羡慕),ow或ouch(哎唷或啊哟,疼痛的叫喊声),ahem(唔哼,清嗓子或引人注意之声),hurrah (呜啦,欢呼声)giggle(咯咯地笑),clap(啪啪地拍掌)patter (嗒嗒地疾行)等等。
(2)模仿动物声音构成的拟声词例如: baa(咩,羊叫声),moo(哞,牛叫声),mew(喵,猫叫声),coo(咕,鸽叫声),heehaw(驴叫声),bow-wow(汪汪,狗吠声),cock-a-doodle(喔喔喔,公鸡啼声)等等。
以下为一些常见动物与拟声动词的搭配:Apes gibber,狼吱吱叫。
Asses bray(heehaw), 驴叫。
Bees hum(buzz , drone).蜜蜂嗡嗡叫。
Bulls bellow.公牛吼叫。
Cows low (moo).母牛哞哞叫。
Cocks crow (cock-a-doodle-doo).雄鸡喔喔啼。
Hens cackle (cluck).母鸡咯咯叫。
Chicken cheep.小鸡叽叽叫。
Cats mew (purr).猫喵喵叫或者发呼噜声。
什么是拟声词

什么是拟声词?拟声词(Onomatopoeia)是一种模拟声音的词语,通过词汇的发音来模仿或表示某种声音、动作或状态。
拟声词在语言中起到描绘和描述的作用,帮助我们更生动地表达和交流。
它们可以用于口语和书面语,常见于儿童文学、漫画、诗歌和口语交流中。
以下是一些常见的英语拟声词及其用法:1. Animal Sounds(动物声音):- Woof: 狗叫声- Meow: 猫叫声- Moo: 牛叫声- Quack: 鸭子叫声- Ribbit: 青蛙叫声2. Nature Sounds(自然声音):- Splash: 水溅的声音- Buzz: 蜜蜂嗡嗡声- Roar: 咆哮声- Hiss: 嘶嘶声- Rustle: 沙沙声3. Human Sounds(人类声音):- Snore: 打鼾声- Cough: 咳嗽声- Sigh: 叹息声- Yawn: 打哈欠声- Giggle: 咯咯笑声4. Action Sounds(动作声音):- Bang: 砰的声音- Crash: 碰撞声- Sizzle: 嘶嘶声- Whistle: 哨声- Swish: 呼啸声5. Miscellaneous Sounds(其他声音):- Tick-tock: 滴答声- Ding-dong: 叮咚声- Beep: 嘟嘟声- Chirp: 唧唧声- Zoom: 嗡嗡声拟声词通过模拟声音的发音,使我们能够更直观地表达某种声音、动作或状态。
它们在语言中起到丰富和生动描绘的作用,帮助我们更好地传达感受和交流信息。
在口语和书面语中,灵活运用拟声词可以使语言更具表现力和趣味性。
拟声词的作用是什么?拟声词(Onomatopoeia)在英语中起到以下几个主要作用:1. 描绘声音:拟声词通过模拟声音的发音来描述特定的声音。
它们帮助我们在语言中更准确地描绘和传达各种声音,使句子更具有形象感和生动感。
- The thunder roared loudly.(雷声轰隆。
Onomatopeia Parody Climax

Have a try:
家,是爱的牵挂;家,是情的纽带;家, 是心灵的归依和寄托。
这句话可作为Climax(层进)的一个例子,它对“家” 的含义由浅而深、逐层依次递进,逐步加深印象,迅速 达到高潮;最后揭出题旨(那篇谈“家’的文章标题便 是‘伯依和寄托”)。
Have a try:
例句: 1,A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
处于危难之中的朋友是一个为众人所躲避 的朋友。 该句仿拟伊索寓言中一条教训:A friend in need is a friend in deed.(患难朋友才是真 朋友。) 嘲讽了能同甘而不能共苦的假朋友和势力小人。
Have a try:
1.White jagged lightening, followed by the brazen clash and deep rumble of thunder.
译文一:天空中闪过一道v形的白色闪电,紧接着传来一声 霹雳,然后是低沉的雷声。
译文二:天空中闪过一道v形的白色闪电,紧接着传来一声 霹雳,然后是低沉的隆隆的雷声。
6. There
are three things that will endure: faith, hope, and love.But the greatest of these is love.
Parody
['pærədi]
Parody 仿拟
英语 Parody 源于希腊语的 Paróidia 一词,意 思是satirical poem(讽刺诗)。
现代的新闻工作,以“最庸俗者生存”的伟 大的达尔文式的原则来为自己的存在辩护。 短语the survival of the vulgares是仿造 “the survival of the fittest”而造的。
onomatopoeia声喻

拟声法
What is onomatopoeia?
Onomatopoeia is the formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the natural sounds associated with actions they refer to. Both verbs and nouns may both fall into this category.
Others—金属声、水声、雷炮车声等
模仿发声物、人的声音,而又代表声物、人本身 The boiling water is “bubbling”. (水“咕嘟咕嘟”地开了。) She was “wailing” for the lost child.
(她为找不到孩子而“哇哇”大哭起来。) The whip “cracked” as the wagon master started the horses. (马车夫赶马上路时, 鞭子甩得“劈啪劈啪”响。)
Structure of onomatopoeia
A型结构(单个拟声词)
The north wind is whistling.(北风吹得呼呼的。) A A型结构(两个相同的拟声词连用) Chop chop, we will miss the bus.(快、快!我们会 错过汽车的。) A B型(两个不同的拟声词连用) Boo-hoo(哇哇的哭)
Difference (simile, metaphor…)
相同之处在于: 它们都是对语言进行提炼, 以达 到超出语言表层结构的特殊意境, 赋于语言更丰 富的内涵。 不同之处在于: 拟声词是利用有声语言的发音 (phonation) 等自然因素, 形成一定的语言修辞 格, 表现语言符号的深层含义。
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她捶着胸,仿佛胸际有些痛。
3. Already some horse-drawn carts were creaking along the street. 马拉的大车已在大街上驶过。
4. 4. They splashed through the mire to the village. 5. 他们踏着泥泞,走到村子里。
Unit 21 Onomatopoeia
Three kinds of onomatopoeia ----About human being ----About the animals ----Others
How to translate them in the sentences
About human being
babble hum hush goggle ouch murmur whisper
婴儿咿呀学语 哼 嘘 咯咯笑声 哎呀 小声嘀咕 耳语声
Animals
Baa/ bleat Buzz Chirp Neigh Twitter Bowwow Cock-a-doodle-doo Mew
羊叫声 蜜蜂嗡嗡声 虫鸣声 马嘶声 鸟喳喳声 狗汪汪叫 公鸡喔喔叫 猫喵
Others—金属声、水声、雷炮车声等
Thud 重物砰然落下轰的一声 Thump 心脏砰砰 Boom 大炮轰隆 Clip-clop 马蹄得得声 Tick-tack 钟滴答声 Tinkling 叮当声 Splash 哗哗 Bubble 咕嘟咕嘟汽泡 Dripping 滴答滴答声
His stomach rumbled 他的肚子饿得咕咕作响。
emptily.
He rushed breath.
in,
gasping for
他冲进来,呼哧呼哧上气 不接下气。
The kids are crying loudly. 孩子们哇哇大哭。
英汉共有的拟声词
1. Whee-ee-ee!whee-ee-ee! The police whistles shrilled suddenly.
the dogs barked. 6. 他一进门,鸡也叫,狗也咬。
More 1
I scarcely knew it was dawn, So sound was the sleep of spring; Everywhere there was birdsong, All night long was the sough of wind and rain; How many flowers have fallen to the ground. (孟浩然《春晓》)
Translation (There is no fixed rule for that. You just develop your imagination to make your translation vivid.)
Bang, bang, went the gun. 砰!砰!两声枪响。
The sheep bleated away. 羊咩咩地跑开了。
Conclusion
英文-----汉语拟声词的翻译 有---有 有---无 无---有
Exercise
有---有
1.A mosquito hums and hums. 一只蚊子嗡嗡嗡。 2. There was popping firecrackers.
噼噼叭叭的鞭炮声。
3. The centre door creaks half-open.
马鸣声 鸭叫声 鸡啼声 表的响声 自行车的铃声 卡车声
英语原文没有拟声词,汉译加用拟声词
1. The stone fell on his head. 2. 石头叭嗒落在他的头上。 3. 2. The logs were burning briskly in the fire. 4. 木材在火中哔哔剥剥地烧得正旺。 5. 3. He sat there gnawing the biscuit. 6. 他坐在那边喀嚓喀嚓地啃饼干。
more
无---有
1. The tears she could not hold back fell on his face. 2. Noisily, the crowd swarmed out of the door. 3. The old man was sucking vigorously at a pipe. 4. Her heart was beating fast. 5. Without troubling to put on his shoes, he jumped through the
More 2
The neighing of the horse The quacking of the duck The crowing of the cock The tick-tack of the watch The jangling of the bicycle The rumbling of the truck
的!的!突然警笛响了。
2. They heard the twitter of birds among the bushes. 他们听到树丛中鸟儿发出的叽叽喳喳声。
Hale Waihona Puke 3. “What’s happening?” he muttered.
“怎么回事呀?”他喃喃地问。
4. Thunder rumbled in the distance. 远处雷声隆隆。
the cart rumbled past.
大车轱辘轱辘地驶过。
his stomach rumbled emptily. 他肚子饿得咕咕作响。
英语原文有拟声词,汉译不用
1. The train puffed towards Tokyo from Sendai. 2. 火车从仙台开向东京。 3. 2. We heard the machines whirr. 4. 我们听到了机器声。 5. 3. The moment he rushed in, the hens and
正中的门吱呀地开了一半。
4. A north wind is whistling. 北风吹得呼呼的。 5. The door banged shut. 门砰地一声关上了。
More
有---无
1.The old man banged the boy’s head against the wall.
老人揪住那孩子的头往墙上重重地碰了几下。