英语高一句子成分

Lesson 1 句子成分【教学目标】1. 复习语法句子成分，掌握句子成分的构成，为长难句的理解打基础。

2.新题型讲解—语法填空技巧【教学重点】学会判断句子的各个成分；在不断巩固练习的基础上熟练掌握语法填空的技巧。

定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分主要有主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补足语，同位语等。

1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。

一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，通常位于句首。

Jane is good at playing the piano. I need a book. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. Smoking is bad for health. 找出下列句子中的主语1. She went out in a hurry.2. Tom is very tall.3. Pride goes before a fall.4. Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.2、谓语：描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。

由动词，动词短语或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。

谓语动词有人称，数，时态和语态的变化。

The train leaves at 6 o ’clock.She is reading.This song sounds wonderful.I worked out this problem under the help of my math teacher.动词分类：动词的分类：⑴行为动词：及物动词不及物动词Have A Try PART 1 语法讲解⑵系动词：be 动词和感官动词⑶情态动词⑷助动词谓语：⑴简单谓语⑵复合谓语助动词+主要动词情态动词+主要动词找出下列句子中的谓语1. His writing is very beautiful. 2. Some people will do just about anything to save money. 3. You should try your best to fulfill your tasks. . 3、宾语：表示动作的对象。

一般由名词（短语）, 代词，数词，动名词（短语），动词不定式（短语），从句等充当，常置于谓语后。

He won the game. He likes playing computer. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Do you know that there will be a concert of Eason in Chongqing next week. 找出下列句子中的宾语1. Show your passport, please. 2. She didn't say a nything .3. Can you tell me the way to the nearest hospital. 4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。

一般由名词(名词短语)，代词，数词，动名词（短语），不定式（短语）或形容词担任，置于系动词之后。

He is a student. We are t ired.You look happy today. 注意：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词: sound, look, smell, taste, touch,feel, 等。

2)表转变变化的动词: go, become, turn, grow, get 等。

3)表延续的动词:keep, stay, remain 等。

找出下列句子中的表语1. The war was o ver.2. They seem to know the truth.3. Leaves turn y ellow in autumn.4. Food goes bad easily in summer.Have A Try Have A TryHave A Try5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。

形容词，代词，介词短语，不定式（短语），动名词（短语），分词，从句等均可做定语。

单个词作定语通常置于被修饰词的前面；短语或从句作定语通常置于被修饰词的后面。

The black bike is mine.（black作定语）The boy in blue is Jim.（in blue作定语）I have nothing to do today.（nothing作定语）注意：1、当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something,anyone, everyone, someone 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。

I tell him something interesting.2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。

The boys who are in the room are playing games.I have something important to tell you now.找出下列句子中的定语Have A Try1. He is a clever boy.2. His spoken language is good.3. Is there anyone else who wants to go with me?6、状语：用以修饰动词，位置灵活。

它可以表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、程度、和让步等。

副词，介词短语，不定式，分词均可做状语。

1)、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；I am very sorry.2)、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。

In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.They are writing English in the classroom.3)、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。

We often help him.He is always late for class.状语种类如下：How about meeting again a t six? ( 时间状语)because of the rain. （原因状语）Last night she didn’t go to the dance party（条件状语）I shall go there i f it doesn’t rain.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（伴随状语）She came in w ith a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的状语）He was so tired t hat he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard t hough she is old.（让步状语）Have A Try找出下列句子中的状语1. I will be back in a while.2. They are playing on the playground.3. Only in this way, can you make a success.7、补语：补充说明主语和宾语的情况。

补语分为主语补足语和宾语补足语两种，可由名词，形容词，介词短语，分词和不定式等担任。

常位于宾语后。

He made me sad.（形容词）She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式）The war made him a soldier.（名词）I find him at home.（介词短语）I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词）找出下列句子中的补语1. They called him the prince of gymnasts.2. I arrived at home very late, t ired and hungry.3. His words made us angry.8、同位语：在句中对某一成分作进一步的解释，说明，并且与其在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语，它通常位于名词、代词后面, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。

Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.I myself will do the experiment.The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.找出下列句子中的同位语1.The news t hat he won the match is so exciting.2.They expressed the wish that she accept the award.3.The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.复习Review Keep this in mind 主谓宾表定状补七种成分记清楚主谓宾表是主干辅助成分定状补定语修饰名或代状语修饰动形副We are famiHave A Try Have A Try一．强化训练(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语1. My brother hasn't done h is homework.2. People all over the world speak English.(二) 挑出下列句中的表语1. The old man felt very tired.2. The leaves have turned yellow.(三) 挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some c areless people forgot to sweep the floor.(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语1. She likes the children t o read newspapers and book s in the reading-room.2. He asked her to take the boy out of school.(五) 挑出下列句中的状语1. There was a big smile on her face.2. Every nigh t he heard the noise upstairs.PART 2 新题型讲解语法填空阅读下面材料，用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空Yangshuo,ChinaIt was raining lightly when I__1__(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didncare. A few hours__2__, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with __3_(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountaintops and dark waters of the Li River_4__are pictured by artists in so many Chinese_5__(painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin,-known city.it’s only an hour away__6_ car and offers all the scenery of the betterYangshuo__7__(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers_8__(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And thetown is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie& Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it__9__(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people_10__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.Keys: 1. arrived 2. before 3. its 4. which 5. paintings 6. by 7. is 8. conducted 9. regularly 10. living总结：新题型技巧——语法填空题型特征语法填空题是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，每空 1.5分，共15分。