大学英语英国文学1English Literature
英国文学用英语怎么说
英国文学用英语怎么说英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。
在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响。
那么你知道英国文学用英语怎么说吗?接下来跟着店铺来学习一下吧。
英国文学的英语说法1：English literature英国文学的英语说法2：British literature英国文学相关英语表达：英国文学作品选读 Selected Readings of British Literature英国文学选读 selected readings in british literature英国文学讲座 Lecture on English Lite英国文学及写作 English Literature and Composition中古时期英国文学 Old and Medieval British Literature英国文学的英语例句：1. He secured the appointment of professor of English literature in the university.他获聘为该大学的英国文学教授.2. The work is one of the great monuments of English literature.此作品是英国文学的不朽名作之一.3. That was the high summer of English literature.那是英国文学的黄金时代.4. Are you majoring in English Literature?你是在专修英国文学吗 ?5. His speciality is English literature.他的专业是英国文学.6. Dickens'novels have enriched English literature.狄更斯的小说丰富了英国文学.7. He has a formidable knowledge of English literature.他有丰富的英国文学知识.8. His specialty is English literature.他的专业是英国文学。
英国文学资料English-literature-of-the-renaissance
• Geographical Discoveries (commercial expansion and broadening the mental horizons)
• In the commercial expansion, Spain was the rival with England over the sea. At last a war broke out in 1588. it ended with the rout of the Spanish fleet “Armada”.
Arcadia
• Pastoral, as an adjective, refers to the lifestyle of shepherds and pastoralists, moving livestock around larger areas of land according to seasons and availability of water and food.
• Thomas Wyatt and Surrey were court poets. They are both top-notch aristocrats and their poetry was more representative of the thoughts and feelings of the nobility.
• Then Spenser studied at Cambridge, where she read the classics and italian poets and wrote poems. He received his M.A.degree in 1576.
• In 1579 he wrote The Shepherd’s Calendar, a pastoral poem in twelve books, one for each month of the year.
大学英语英国文学选读
Preface (The Development of British Literature)1. Early and Medieval Literature (5th century-1485)2. The Period of English Renaissance (the end of 15th century-the beginning of 17th century)3. 17th Century Literature4. The Period of Enlightenment (the end of 17th century-the middle of 18th century)5. English Romanticism (1798-1832)6. The Age of Realism (1830s-1918)7. The Age of Modernism (1918-1945)8. Contemporary British Literature (1945- )Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)Lived in the 14th centuryThe greatest writer in this century and the 14th century is usually known as “The Age of Chaucer”Was acclaimed as “father of English poetry”◆Literary Career1. From 1360 to 1372 (French period)Translations: The Romance of the Rose2. From 1373 to 1386 (Italian period)Major works: 1380 The Parliament of Fowls《百鸟议会》1384 The House of Fame《声誉之堂》1385 Troilus and Criseyde《特洛勒斯与克丽西德》1386 The Book of the Duchess《公爵夫人之书》The Legend of Good Women3. From 1387 to 1400 (English period)Masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales1700lines—about half of Chaucer’s entire literary productionThe whole poem is a collection of tales and stories strung together according to a simple plan, which shows the influence of Boccaccio’s Decameron.◆The PrologueThe Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature. We see the whole cavalcade, as it rides out on a fine spring morning.The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups, with various interests, tastes and predilections. (preference)◆CommentsChaucer makes English the language of literature. The language he used, known as Middle English now, is vivid and smooth.Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry i s that he greatly enriched the rhyme schemes by introducing from France the rhymed stanzas of various types.◆TermsIambic Pentameter:五音步抑扬格It refers to a poetic line consisting of metrical foot in poetry consisting of one short or unstressed syllable followed by one long or stressed syllable.Heroic Couplet:英雄双韵体It refers to a pair of rhymed iambic pentameter lines. A stanza composed of two heroic couplets is called a heroic quatrain.Alliteration:头韵It refers to the repetition of similar sounds, usually consonants or consonant clusters, in a group of words. Sometimes, the term is limited to the repetition of initial consonant sounds.Unit 2 William Shakespeare (1564-1616)William Shakespeare is the most popular and most widely respected writer in all English literature. Comedy Tragedy Historical Play38/39 plays; 154 sonnets; 2 narrative poemsTwo tragedies:Romeo and Juliet；The Life and Death of Julius Caesar 《凯撒大帝》Great tragedies: Hamlet, Prince of DenmarkThe two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece were respectively published in 1593 and 1594.His Sonnets were published in 1609. They are divided into two groups. One is about the conflicted lover for a young man of superior beauty and the other about the uncontrollable love for a mysterious “dark lady” of irresistible beauty.◆HamletHamlet is considered to be the summit of Shakespeare’s art.Hamlet i s the profoundest expression of Shakespeare’s humanism and his criticism of contemporary life. Major Characters:Hamlet, the Ghost, Claudius, Gertrude, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, Polonius, Ophelia, Laertes◆Some of the Problems Troubling Hamlet1. His father was murdered by his uncle who has become the king of Denmark.2. His mother was married to his uncle right after his father’s death.3. The Ghost of his father urged him to seek revenge for his murder, but Hamlet was not quite sure that the ghost was h is father’s spirit, for he feared it might have been a devil sent to torment him.4. His former friends Rosencrantz & Guildenstern were dispatched by the king to spy on him (A betrayal of friendship! As a humanist he attached great importance to friendship).5. His girl friend Ophelia was sent as a tool to find out whether or not he was really mad (A betrayal of love!).◆What do you learn about Hamlet’s mental conflict and character through this soliloquy独白? Further AnalysisIn this soliloquy, Hamlet is detached, reflective, analytic and moral. His thoughts were philosophical rather than practical; his concerns were on the nature of things rather than any specific plans for actions; his feelings were of a deep sorrow over the injustice and vanity, “a sea of troubles” which brought pains into human life. His melancholy and procrastination are also revealed. Here he is pondering on the question of life and death.He is thinking of committing suicide. But he hesitates for he doubts whether death can give him rest and peace. Besides, he is not sure whether the world of death would be better than this one. He gives the reasons why he wants to commit suicide.Apart from his personal revenge (He hasn’t mentioned it in this soliloquy), he cannot bear the social injustices and grievances. He is conscious of his own weakness of thinking too much which makes him dilatory, allowing many opportunities to slip away.◆SonnetA fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.It includes three Quatrains and a concluding Couplet, with rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg.Each quatrain deals with a different aspect of the subject and the couplet either summarizes the theme or makes a final comment.Unit 3 Francis Bacon (1561-1626)◆Literary CareerBacon’s works ma y be divided into three classes: the philosophical, the literary, and the professional works.1. Philosophical works:1605 The Advancement of Learning (in English)1620 Novum Organum (in Latin)2. Literary works:1597-1625 Essays(Of Truth, Of Death, Of Revenge, Of Friendship)3. Professional works:1630 Maxims of the Law1642 Reading on the Statue of Uses◆Of Studies“Of Studies” is the one of the shortest, but probably the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays.1. It analyzes the major functions of studies and the different ways of pursuing studies by different people.2. It probes into the effects studies have upon human character.3. Forceful and persuasive, compact and precise, the essay best reveals Bacon’s mature attitude towards learning.The essay starts with the general use and benefits of studies, namely, delight, ornament and ability.Then it goes on to relate studies to experience and reveals the mutual-promoting relation between them.Bacon also points out that studies need to be treated properly and conducted in right ways.By doing it right, he reckons, our characters shall be improved in different aspects.The whole essay seems to be a manifesto of the Renaissance and a declaration of the beginning of the coming Age of Reason.◆CommentsBacon was a representative of the Renaissance in England.He was a prominent philosopher and scientist as well as an essayist.He contributed to the foundation of modern science with his scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for knowledge.Although he wrote much in Latin, he was capable of varied and beautiful styles in English and there is a peculiar magnificence and picturesque-ness in much of his writing.Many of his sentences in Essays have assumed almost the character of proverbs.His Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has become a landmark in the development of English prose.Unit 7 Jane Austen (1775-1817)◆Main works:《理智与情感》（Sense and Sensibility，1811)《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice，1813)《曼斯菲尔德庄园》（Mansfield Park，1814)《爱玛》（Emma，1816)《诺桑觉寺》（Northanger Abby，1818)《劝导》（Persuasion，1818)◆Pride and PrejudiceThe whole story portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day, and focuses on the relationship between Elizabeth Bennet and the haughty Darcy. Their relationship begins with the initial misunderstandings and ends with their mutual enlightenment. Finally they learn that their first impressions, based on pride and prejudice, were incorrect.◆Major Characters:Mr. Bennet＋Mrs. Bennet五个女儿：Jane（Mr. Bingley）; Elizabeth（Mr. Darcy）; Mary; Kitty; Lydia（Mr. Wickham）Lady Catherine（Mr. Darcy的姨妈）Charlotte（Elizabeth最好的朋友，和Mr. Collins结婚）◆人物分析Mr. BennettHe is a queer, sarcastic man.Being the father of 5 daughters, he is destined the responsibility for the future of them. But when a prospective catch comes, he keeps reserved and calm; he even teases his wife inconsiderately when she urges him to visit the new comer.This and his other oddities can only be accounted for that Mr. Bennett is regretful for his own marriage and thus becomes hesitant about his daughters. But he is now at a loss to help it, since there is such a gossipy and garrulous（唠叨，爱管闲事的）wife in the house. That is why he rarely talks to his wife as an equal and prefers to have the privacy of his library, his country and his self-entertaining irony.After all, he is a lively character.Mrs. BennettShe fails by all relevant criteria.empty-headed, snobbish, inconsiderate, ill-mannered, vulgar, foolish…She has no feminine charm.As a parent, she is partly responsible for the superficial characters of her 3 younger daughters. Lydia is clearly in her mother’s mold.She thinks of marriage mainly as a means of social and economic advancement.JaneThe eldest of the Bennett girls has two distinguishing characteristics: she is very beautiful, and she is very unperceptive, or, she is so pure of heart and mind that she will go to any length not to believe evil of any one.On the most superficial level, the plot is the story of the romance of Jane and Bingley; but actually their story provides only the occasion for the real interest of the novel.Jane and Bingley exhibit neither pride nor prejudice. The themes of social status arise only indirectly in their case. Choice for them is never problematic. Their function rather is to show how people can suffer from the pride and prejudice.◆CharacterizationWhich of these methods does Jane Austen employ? Cite examples to illustrate your choices.1. Physical description of a character by the author;2. A description of another character;3. The use of dialogue or conversation;4. An explanation of a character’s inner thoughts;5. The behavior or actions of a character;6. The reactions of a character to another character or to a situation◆Theme: Love and MarriageIn this novel, Austen provides 4 different marriages. They are utilitarian marriage, sex-oriented marriage, moral marriage and perfect marriage.It is analyzed that one’s character reflects his/her marriage and attitudes towards love and social mores are reflected in their marriage’s formation.The conditions for love and marriage: material wealth and social position; beauty and passion; true love with consideration of the partner’s personal virtue as well as his economic and social status.It is wrong to marry just for money, or beauty; it is also wrong to marry without it.Elizabeth thinks she is happier than Jane.◆Writing StyleIn style, Austen is a classicism advocate, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, and gracefulness in novel writing. She writes within a very narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social setting and plot are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England, concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life.Irony（反讽）A contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens.“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”In this statement, Austen cleverly illustrates 3 points: she declares that the main subject of the novel will be courtship and marriage; she has established the humorous tone of the novel by taking a simple subject to elaborate and to speak intelligently of; she has prepared the reader for a chase in the novel of either a husband in search of a wife, or a woman in pursuit of a husband.The first line also defines Jane’s book as a piece of literature that connects itself to the 18th century period, in which, the emphasis on man in social environment was important, and the use of satire and wit was a common form of the 18th century literature.Unit 8 Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)◆Ode (颂)1. It refers to a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject.2. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event.◆Ode to the West Wind1. Talking about the poem, Shelley says that it was his emotional response to a strong hailstorm in which he happened to be swallowed one autumn evening in 1819 on the Arno near Florence.2. Shelley sees, in the storm of the natural world, an apt metaphor for the storm of revolution in the human world. The poet had been feeling depressed at the triumph of the reactionary Holy Alliance over Napoleon and the French Revolution and was emphatic in his forecast that the storm of revolution would make a powerful comeback yet.◆The Form1. This ode contains five 14-lined stanzas of iambic pentameter, each containing four tercets and a closing couplet.2. The rhyme scheme in each part follows a pattern known as terza rima, the three-line rhyme scheme first used by Dante in his well-known The Divine Comedy.3.In the three-line terza rima stanza, the first and third lines rhyme, and the middle line does not; then the end sound of that middle line is employed as the rhyme for the first and third lines in the next stanza. The final couplet rhymes with the middle line of the last three-line stanza.4. Thus, each of the five stanzas follows the rhyme scheme aba, bcb, cdc, ded, ee.5. Function: This linked chain gives a feeling of onward motion and the verse has a breathless quality which is in keeping with the onward motion of the wind’s movement.Ⅰ哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨，呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱，直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，（唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中）将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
英国文学简史Part 1 Early and Medieval English Literature
Part on: Early and medieval english literature早期和中古时期的英国文学I.Beowulf <贝奥武夫>Features of Beowulf<贝奥武夫>的特点(1)Certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound.,每一行的重读单词以相同的辅音开始。
(2)Other features of Beowulf are the use of metaphors and of understatements.《贝奥武夫》的另一些特点是隐喻和低调陈述的大量运用。
II The Romance(1)The Content of the Romance传奇文学的内容The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes n verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances was the knight.封建时期的英国最流行的文学形式是传奇文学。
传奇文学的作品篇幅较长，有时是诗歌的形式，有时是散文的形式，描写贵族英雄的生活和冒险故事。
传奇文学的中心人物是贵族出身的善于使用武器的骑士。
(2)The Romance Cycles传奇文学的类型a.Matters of Britain(adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table)“取材于英国的作品”（亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士）b.Matters of France(Emperor Charlemagne and his peers)“取材于法国作品”（查理曼大帝和他的贵族）c.Matters of Rome(Alexander the Great and so forth)“取材于罗马的作品”（亚历山大大帝）d.The romance of King Arthur is comparatively the most important for the history of English literature.比较起来亚瑟王的传奇故事是英国文学史中最重要的。
01.英国文学史
(English Literature of the Anglo-Saxon Period)
1
1. The Social and Historical Background of This Period 2. The Roman Conquest
Of men he was the mildest and most beloved,
To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.”
12
★ Structure (plot) of Beowulf
The poem opens with a brief account of the first adventure to lend help to Hrothgar. He engages in a terrific battle with Grendel, the monster and wins the fight in the hall at night; The second adventure of Beowulf ’ long struggle with Grendel’s mother and finally succeeds in killing her with a magic sword of the ancient giants hanging in the cave; The third and last adventure of Beowulf’s fighting against a dragon in his own country. As an aged king then, he resolves to fight with the dragon himself and kills the monster with his knife. But he is himself is mortally wounded and died. His people praised his virtues as a great and good king: “of men was the mildest and most beloved, to his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.”
English Literature 英国文学考试试题及答案
Part One Early and Medieval English LiteratureⅠ. Fill in the blanks.1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeatingEngland.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .A. LanglandB. WycliffeC. GowerD. Chaucer明朝3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.中世纪A. novelB. dramaC. romanceD. essay4. The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.亚瑟王的顶峰A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB.BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales5. William Langland’s ____ is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d’Arthur6. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. TheNormans spoke _____.A. FrenchB. EnglishC. LatinD. Swedish7. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator ofthe Bible.A. LanglandB. GowerC. Wycliffe威克利夫D. Chaucer8. Piers the Plowman describes a series of wonderful dreams the author dreamed,through which, we can see a picture of the life in the ____ England.A. primitiveB. feudal封建的；领地的；世仇的C. bourgeois 资本家D. modern9. The theme of ____ to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.A. loyaltyB. revolt反抗C. obedience顺从D. mockery嘲弄10. The most famous cycle of English ballads民歌centers on the stories about alegendary outlaw called _____.A. Morte d’ArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the Plowman11. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets ofEngland, was born in London in about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特教堂（英国名人墓地13. Chaucer’s earliest work of any length is his _____, a translation of the FrenchRoman de la Rose by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.A.The Romaunt of the Rose 传奇故事B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. The Legend of Good WomenD. The Book of the Duchess14. In his lifetime Chaucer served in a great variety of occupations that had impact onthe wide range of his writings. Which one is not his career? ____.A. engineerB. courtierC. office holderD. soldierE. ambassadorF. legislator (议员)15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem na med _____ based on Boccaccio’spoem “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Troilus and CriseydeC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. BeowulfKey to the multiple choices：1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 ADAABⅡ. Questions1.What are the features of Beowulf?文体。
British literature 1英国文学
V. Romanticism
* William Wordsworth: ―Lyrical Ballads‖
* Samuel Coleridge: ―The Ancient Mariner‖
* George Gordon Byron: ―Don Juan‖
* Percy Bysshe Shelley: ―Prometheus Unbound‖ * John Keats: ―Ode to a Nightingale‖
* Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels * Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe * Henry Fielding: Tom Jones * William Blake: The Marriage of Heaven and Hell * Sentimentalism: Oliver Goldsmith: ―The Deserted Village‖ Thomas Gray: ―Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard‖
* other forms: natural science philosophy history law graphic novels/comic books films, videos and broadcast have carved out a niche which often parallels the functionality of prose fiction. iii. Expectation of you 1. To get acknowledged with the history and framework of British literature. 2. To view literature from a literary perspective and accomplish one mid-term essay. 3. To fulfill the assignment after class.
英国文学[1]
![英国文学[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/69deaf7a5acfa1c7aa00cc93.png)
Part One Early and Medieval English Literature
二.Beowulf 3.Features of Beowulf d. Synecdoche(提喻)：She has just seen 80 winters. Every life has its roses and thorns. e. Understatement(低调陈述):He is no bad singer. f. hyperbole(夸张):Every lovers sees a thousand graces in the beloved object.
Part One Early and Medieval English Literature
四.William Langland 1.Piers the Plowman and its author 2.A Picture of Feudal England 3.Aritisne Early and Medieval English Literature
四.William Langland 3.Aritistic features: ⑴. Piers the Plowman is one of the greatest of English poems. It is written in the form of a dream vision, and the author tells his story under the guise of having dreamed it. ⑵.The poem is also an allegory which uses symbolism to relate truth. ⑶.But, in the main, Piers the Plowman is a realistic picture of medieval England.
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Old English Literature
From 450 to 1066 (the period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudal society; the year of the Norman conquest of England) The Germanic tribes from the Northern Europe brought with them : Anglo-Saxon language, the basis of Modern English and poetic tradition Old English poetry consists of the religious group and the secular one.
Translated text:
Prelude of the Founder of the Danish House LO, praise of the prowess of people-kings of spear-armed Danes, in days long sped, we have heard, and what honor the athelings won!
Analysis of the poem
A folk legend---reflecting the features of tribal society of ancient times The artistic features of Beowulf: a. the use of alliteration b. the use of metaphors and understatement “ring-giver”---king; “sea-wood”---ship; “swan’s path” or “whale’s road”---sea; “not troublesome”---very welcome
English literature
An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature
History Background
Early inhabitants---Celts---were conquered 3 times: a. Romans b. Anglo-Saxons: Germanic language and culture c. Normans: Mediterranean civilization (Greek culture, Roman law, Christian religion)
Oft Scyld the Scefing from squadroned foes,
from many a tribe, the mead-bench tore, awing the earls. Since erst he lay friendless, a foundling, fate repaid him: for he waxed under welkin, in wealth he throve,
Beowulf
A typical example of Old English poetry, regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. Oral form in 6th c.=>Written in 10th c. It contains 3183 lines of alliterational verse It describes the exploits of a Scandinavian hero Three conflicts: a. Beowulf vs Grendel (a monster) b. Beowulf vs Grendel’s revengeful mother c. Beowulf vs fire-breathing dragon It is a mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.
Medieval English Literature
Norman Conquest---changes: 1. Politically: feudalist system 2. Religiously: Rome-based Catholic Church 3. Language: French---official language Latin---principle tongue of church and unuversities Old English--- common English people OE
Original Text:
Hwæt! We Gardena in geardagum, þeodcyninga, þrym gefrunon, hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon. Oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena þreatum, monegum mægþum, meodosetla ofteah, egsode eorlas.
From 1066 to mid-14th century
Middle English literature deals with a wider range of subjects,greater diversity of styles,tones and genres
till before him the folk, both far and near,
who house by the whale-path, heard his mandate, gave him gifts: a good kingshtml/20110314