高二英语语法第二讲
语法第二讲——词汇和词的构成

后一个语素补充说明前一个语素,两个语素之间 是补充说明和被补充说明的关系,这样的词称为补充 式复合词。例如:
a.动补关系:前一个语素是动词性语素,后一个语素表示 动作或行为的结果,两个语素之间含有因果关系。例如:提高 推翻 立正 合成 压缩 摧毁 推翻 改正 搞活 说明 减少 记住 ||澄清 割断 冲淡 击破 治安 纠正 说服 阐明 b.名量关系:前一个语素是名词性语素,后一个语素是量 词性语素,从数量方面补充说明前一个语素。例如:马匹 花朵 船只 房间 ||纸张 银两 书本 枪支 车辆 人口 稿件 花束
4.固定短语 汉语的词汇单位除了词、语素之外,还包 括固定短语和略语。 固定短语:是词跟词的固定组合,一般不 能任意增减、改换其中词语。包括专名和熟语 两类。
专名:专有名称,国名、人名、地名、单位企
业组织名、书名篇名杂志名、电影电视名……
熟语:成语、惯用语、歇后语
5.略语/缩略语(abbreviation)
复合式叠音词和单纯的叠音词不同: (1)复合式叠音词重叠的两个语素可以分开单用, 而单纯的叠音词分开后各自不能单用。例如:“星星” 可以分开单说,如“一颗星”、“五星”等等,猩猩分 开 后不能单用,不能说成“一只猩”、“五猩”。 (2)复合式叠音词的重叠是语汇上的构词重叠,构 词重叠不产生附加的语法意义;语法上的构形重叠产 生附加的语法意义。例如:“想”重叠成“想想”,“ 家”
注意儿化词:单音节合成词
3.单纯词的类型
(1)单音节(注意儿化韵词) * 花儿 馅儿 味儿 眼儿
(2) 多音节(双音节和双音节以上) 联绵词:双声、叠韵、非双声叠韵 叠音词(注意与合成词的重叠式区别) 姥姥 奶奶 猩猩 潺潺 * 爸爸 姐姐 星星 偏偏 音译外来词:外语词或外族语词 拟声词:哗啦 轰隆 咕哝 呵呵
第二讲 主谓一致(高考英语语法复习)

由“a lot of , (lots of, plenty of, the rest of ) +名词”
构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成
的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中
后面名词是否可数而定。
Three-fourths of the surface is sea .
问题7:
All but one_____here just now . (2019 NMET)
安徽省青阳中学 周美灵
主谓一致
在线课堂501/502班 2020.2.11
高考考点分析
1、用and连接两个并列成分; 2、介词with伴随主语; 3、就近原则; 4、各种代词的主谓一致; 5、短语和从句作主语; 6、定语从句中的主谓一致。
问题 1: When and where to build the new factory ____ yet. (NMET)
B) All that can be done has been done . All have gone to the park .
问题8:
He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years. (上海春季)
(一)谓语动词常用复数的情况
1)主语为复数名词或代词 The teachers are respected in the world.
2) 当people , police, cattle 等集体名词作主语,形式上 为单数而意义却是复数,谓语用复数
The police are looking for the sing child.
英语语法第二讲:定语从句先行词

常见关系代词限定性指人非限定性指物限定性指物主格who/that which that宾格whom which/that that属格whose of which/whose of which/whose 常见关系副词关系副词主要有三个,即when,where,why关系副词=介词+关系代词非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的特点:非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用,也不会影响全句的理解,译为汉语时常常不译作定语,而根据句意翻译为相应的其他形式的从句。
对它与主句的关系不如限定性定语从句的关系紧密,只是对先行词作些附加说明,即使去掉,主句的意思依然清楚。
在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间,其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
1.限定性定语从句:从句不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整。
非限定性定语从句:从句可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整。
2.限定性定语从句:先行词可以用“that”引导。
非限定性定语从句:先行词不可以用“that”引导。
3.限定性定语从句:引导词有时可以省略。
非限定性定语从句:引导词不可以省略。
4.限定性定语从句:主句与从句不需要用逗号隔开。
非限定性定语从句:主句与从句需要用逗号隔开。
5.限定性定语从句:从句只修饰先行词。
非限定性定语从句:从句既可以修饰先行词,也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。
1.Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one2. The wo lves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that3. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..A. how you have observedB. what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed4. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.A. becauseB. whyC. thatD. whether5. Is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal?A. whichB. whatC. whyD. for that3.This book will show you what you have observed can be used in other contexts.这句话的意思是:这本书将向你展示你观察到的东西如何在其他环境中使用从句中的谓语observe是观察的意思,及物动词,必须跟宾语,但是它的后面没有宾语,所以连接词必须是能在从句中充当宾语的,how只能做状语,所以A和D都不对,至于that 它在从句中不做成分,也不能选。
第二讲名词属格

The Second Lesson: GENITIVE CASE OF NOUNS第二讲:名词的属格格(Case)是个语法范畴,它表示名词(或代词)与句中其他词语(主要是动词)之间的语法关系和语义关系。
现代英语名词没有主格和宾格的标记,名词在句中处于主语或宾语地位全靠词序来决定。
“属格”(Genitive Case)有叫“所有格”(Possessive Case)。
2.1 名词属格的构成、意义和用法现代英语的名词属格是一种屈折形式,即由“名词+ -'s ”构成,它适用于表示人名、有生命物或视为有生命物的名词,也可用于表示地理名称、天体名称以及表示时间、度量、价值等的名词。
1)名词属格的构成名词属格(Genitive Noun)的构成有以下几种情况:a)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词一般在词尾加-'s,如Milton’s poems,my mother’sarrival,women’s clothes。
b)以-s 结尾的复数名词在词尾只加-',如the girls’ dormitory。
c)复合名词和作为一个整体的名词词组构成属格时,在最后一个词的结尾加-'s,如mymother-in-law’s death,an hour and a half’s talk,somebody else’s opinion。
d)并列名词表示各自的所有关系时,要在各个名词之后加-'s,如Mary’s and Bob’s book。
如果仅在第二个名词之后加-'s(Mary and Bob’s),则指两人共有的书。
e)“名词词组+同位语”构成属格时,-'s加在同位语名词之后,如his schoolmate Johnson’s,Basel the bookseller’s,也可以前后都加-'s,如Basel’s,the bookseller’s。
f)以咝音/z/结尾的人名,其属格加-'s或-’均可,如Dickens’/Dickens’s,Jones’。
高考英语语法突破:讲 冠词、介词(短语)

24
No.1
No.2
时间介词
after,at,before,by,during,for,from,in,on, over,since,through,till,until,within,between
表示工具、手段、方式的 介词
by,on,over,with,in
表示原因的介词 表示支持、反对的介词
12
No.1
No.2
Ⅱ.冠词的固定搭配 一、不定冠词用于固定搭配中
as a result 因此 as a whole 总体上 at a loss 不知所措 in a word 总之 in a way 在某种程度上 keep an eye on 照看,留意 pay a visit to 拜访
13
No.1
17
No.1
No.2
三、零冠词用于固定搭配中
at present 目前 in peace 平静 on purpose 故意 ahead of time 提前 by law 根据法律 under repair 处于维修中 day and night 整日整夜 out of control 失控 in danger 处于危险之中
6
No.1
No.2
二、定冠词 1.表示特指的人或物或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物或者指上文已经提到过
的人或事物。 Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant. 不着急——从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。 2.用在世界上独一无二的名词前。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
19
史上最标准的英语语法之代词

英语语法
第二讲代词
【教学目标】
1.对代词的定义、性质、功用及种类有一定的认知
2.掌握各类代词的用法以及人称代词前后指称的一致的用法
3.学习完本单元的语法要点后,能独立完成本单元练习
【教学重点】
各类代词的用法
【教学难点】
不定代词的用法及其构成的固定搭配
【学习建议】
1.首先总体了解代词
2.尽量掌握各个语法要点
3.各个例子最好烂熟于心,然后再举一反三,及时巩固
4.学习完所有语法要点后,简要小结后,再做练习
5.做练习的过程中,一定要清楚之所以选择该答案的原因,即要
知道每道练习题所包含的语法要点。
6.建议学习时长:0.7课时。
思维导图破解高中英语语法 第2讲 句子类型

第二讲 句子类型
思维导图解析
简单句
翻译练习
1. 他从早到晚努力工作。 He works hard from moring to night. 2. 自从2010年以来成都发生了很大的变化。 Chengdu has changed a lot since 2020. 3. 比赛将于6月10日下午在我们学校礼堂举行。(2019全国2卷) The competition will take place in our school hall on the afternoon of June 10. 4. 我有很重要的事情去做。 We have something important to do. 5. 老师在教室的墙上贴了一些照片。 The teacher put up some photos on the wall of the classroom. 6. 我相信你将会在这里度过一个愉快的假期。 I believe that you will have a pleasant holliday. 7. 地震期间你应保持冷静。 You should keep calm during the earthquake.
翻译练习
8. 麦克去年成为一名职业篮球运动员。 Mike became a prossional football player last year. 9. 我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。(2016全国1卷) The “Foreign culture” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. 10. 他向我们提供了大量的食物和水。 He offered us plenty of food and water. 11. 我妈妈给我做了顿大餐来庆祝我的胜利。 My mom cooked me a big meal to celebrate my victory. 12. 你上次给我展示过一些有关这个主题的照片。(2016全国2卷) You showed us some photos about the theme. 13. 网络使学习容易又方便。 The Internet makes study easy and convenient. 14. 这次展览会帮助你更好理解中国传统绘画。 The exhibition will help you have a better understanding of traditional Chinese painting. 15. 我认为写英语日记很有用。 I think it useful to keep an English diary. =I think (that) it is useful to keep an English diary.
English Grammar (英语语法)

• 3. Tidings (has, have) come that
the British warship was sunk.
答案及分析 答案has和have都可以。tidings既可作复 数也可作单数,前后需保持主谓一致,所 以谓语动词has和have都可以。
• 4. Your suspenders (is, are) not
(剪子), shorts(短裤), suspenders
(吊裤带), trousers, sugar-tongs(方
糖夹子)。
• 单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、
复数形式。
• 例如:One pair of scissors isn’t
enough.
•
Two pairs of pliers, one large
• 例如:Ham and eggs is a good breakfast.
•
由and / both…and连接的并列主语形似单 数,意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
• 例如:Good and bad taste are inculcated by example. • What I say and think are no business of yours.
economics(经济意义)。
• 3)以-s结尾的地理名称
• 作单数的地理名称:the United States,the
Netherlands,the Nations。
• 作复数的地理名称:the West Indies
( 西印度群岛),the Bahamas(巴哈
马群岛),the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山
English Grammar
第二讲 主谓一致(一)
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高二英语语法第二讲GOALS: 1. 现在完成时&现在完成进行时的讲解与练习;2.阅读练习;3. 完型填空讲解。
现在完成时:过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
Jack has read the story twice. They have known each other for ten years.1.句型结构:肯定句___________________________________否定句___________________________________疑问句____________________________________时间状语及其标志:________________________________________________________ __ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.语法强化定义:(1)强调动作是过去发生的(2)强调对现在的影响或结果(3)在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作,但是结果对现在有影响。
一、练习:1. “How do you like the song, Two Butterflies?” “Great! I ______ such a beautiful song before.”A. don’t hearB. never hearC. have never heardD. has never heard2. In the past few years there _______ great changes in my hometown.A. have beenB. wereC. has beenD. are3. “Kitty, will you go to see Spiderman 3 with us this evening?” “Sorry. I _____ the film already.”A. sawB. have seenC. had seenD. see4. “Why don’t you go to the movie with me, Betty?” “Because I ______it twice.”A. seeB. will seeC. sawD. have seen5. “How can you start playing games so soon, Tom?” “I ______ my homework, mom.”A. have finishedB. finishedC. finishingD. finish二、用过去时或现在完成时填空:1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch yet?” “Yes.”“When ________ you __________ (have) it?”“I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.三、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?B: He _____________ there for three days.Where there is a will, there is a way.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?B: He _____________ there only once.总结:_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________延续性动词与非延续性动词的区别及其转换:延续性动词可和一段时间连用,非延续动词不能跟一段时间连用。
判断正误并改正:1.I’ve left this school for eight years.2. He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.延续性动词与非延续动词的转换:buy ______ borrow ______ open _______ close ________ begin/start _______ go _______ finish _______ die _______ get up ______ wake up _______ join _______ leave _______短暂性动词转换为延续性动词①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→ be in sw./at school/at home/on th e farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.2) I moved to the USA last year.I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out1) He came out two years ago.He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.③become → be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.④close → be closed open → be openWhere there is a will, there is a way.1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.⑤get up → be up;die → be dead;leave sw. → be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep;finish/end → be over;marry → be married;1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes..⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. ;begin → be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I ____ ____ at this school since ____.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.⑦borrow → keep;lose → not have ;buy → have ;put on → wearcatch/get a cold → have a cold;get to know → know1) They borrowed it last week.They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.⑧have/has gone to → have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.⑨join the league/the Party/the army→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier→ be a member of the league/the Party→ be in the league/the Party/the armyHe joined the league in 2002.He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.He _______ _________ a __________ _________ the __________ for two years.He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.现在完成进行时Where there is a will, there is a way.1. 用法:表示动作从过去的某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作,这一动作可能刚刚停止,也可能仍然进行下去。