英语语法之独立主格结构
高中英语语法独立主格结构讲解

独立主格结构:独立主格结构,又叫独立结构(absolute construction).它在句法上游离与句子主体之外,跟主句没有任何语法联系;但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起,给他构成一个完整的寓意环境。
独立主格结构没有主语和位于,只有逻辑上的主语,因此,它在句法上不是句子,而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号上与主句隔开。
一、独立主格结构的形式独立结构可分为俩部分,一部分事名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1)名词/代词+形容词I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤,内心充满担忧。
He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下,门开着,他默默地站在那。
2)名词/代词+现在分词Winter coming ,it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了,他出去散散步。
3)名词/代词+过去分词More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间,我们会做的更好。
The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里,右手高举。
4)名词/代词(主格)+不定式Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.这是前俩卷,第三卷将于下雨问世。
英语语法——独立主格

英语语法——独立主格独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
它有以下三个特点:(1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
(2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
英语中,独立主格结构的形式是:名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起,构成独立主格结构。
1. 名词 / 代词 + 不定式。
如:A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子,我们必须节省每一分钱。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了,魏方明天到。
2. 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词。
如:The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了,我们应该把一切事情准备好。
Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了,李蕾非常焦急。
3. 名词 / 代词 + 动词的过去分词。
如:His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了,他就用碗来代替。
4. 名词 / 代词 + 形容词。
如:The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥,我们应该小心。
5. 名词 / 代词 + 副词。
如:The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后,我们都出去玩。
6. 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语。
如:Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜,他问他的眼镜哪去了。
英语语法独立主格结构

英语语法独立主格结构独立主格结构是英语语法中一种重要的句子结构,它可以帮助我们清晰地表达句子的逻辑关系和语义关系,增强句子的表达力和语言的逻辑性。
本文将详细介绍独立主格结构的定义、形式、用法和相关练习。
一、定义独立主格结构是指在一个句子中,主句的主语和独立主格之间存在一种逻辑上的平行关系。
独立主格结构通常由名词或代词(独立主格)+动词/副词/介词短语(补语)构成,与主句之间用逗号隔开。
二、形式独立主格结构可由以下几种形式构成:1.名词短语作独立主格例如:- His arms folded, he leaned against the wall.- The children playing in the yard, the parents sat on the porch.2.代词短语作独立主格例如:- Her hair flowing in the wind, she walked along the beach.- With a smile on his face, he greeted the guests.3.动词短语作独立主格例如:- The sun shining brightly, we decided to go for a picnic.- The game over, the crowd cheered for their team.4.副词短语作独立主格例如:- The storm having passed, we ventured out of our shelter.- The rain falling heavily, she hurriedly grabbed an umbrella.5.介词短语作独立主格例如:- With a sigh of relief, he finished his final exam.- In the distance, we could hear the sound of waves crashing.三、用法独立主格结构能够起到以下几种作用:1.表示时间、条件或原因- The rain having stopped, we went outside to play.- The bus having arrived, we boarded and headed home.2.表示场景、情景或背景- The children singing and dancing, the party was a great success.- The streets filled with people, the city felt vibrant and alive.3.表示对比、对立或转折- The students studying diligently, the teacher was pleased with their progress.4.修饰句子成分,增强句子表达力- His hands trembling, he handed me the letter.- The book finished, she closed it and put it back on the shelf.四、练习请根据上述的独立主格结构的定义、形式和用法,完成以下练习。
英语语法独立主格

英语语法独立主格独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或词组。
接下来,小编给大家准备了英语语法独立主格,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英语语法独立主格一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或词组。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,独立主格结构的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
例如1)Night enshrouding the earth,nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.(黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
)2)He lay at full length upon his stomach,his head resting upon his left forearm.(他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,头枕着左臂,直挺挺地趴伏着。
)3)The coward was backing,his face being deathly pale,toward another room.(那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去,脸色煞白。
) 独立主格结构多用于书面语,尤其是描述性语言中,在口语和非正式文体中,一般用从句或两个句子来代替。
例如,上述例句可变为:1)Because night enshrouded the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.2)He lay at full length upon his stomach.His head rested upon his left forearm.3)The coward was backing toward another room.His face was deathly pale.二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式,即名词/代词+分词(短语)外,还有如下特殊构成形式。
独立主格结构详解

独立主格结构详解独立主格结构是英语语法中一种常用的结构形式,它由“名词/代词+分词/介词短语”组成。
独立主格结构在句子中扮演补充说明或者强调的作用。
本文将详细解释独立主格结构的定义、用法和注意事项。
一、定义独立主格结构由两个部分组成:一个名词(一般是人或事物)或代词+一个分词或介词短语。
它可以用来修饰整个句子或者作为句子中的附加说明。
二、用法1. 作为独立成分:独立主格结构可以作为句子的独立成分,放在句首或句末,用以修饰或强调整个句子。
例句1: 他的工作做得很出色,他的专业知识丰富。
例句2: 雨停了,地面湿漉漉的。
2. 作为非限制性定语:独立主格结构可以作为非限制性定语,修饰先行词(通常是主语),从而对主句进行补充说明。
例句3: 她坐在沙发上,看着电视。
例句4: 这个问题经过认真考虑,他们得出了一个解决方案。
3. 作为插入语:独立主格结构可以作为插入语,用以引起读者的注意或者加强语气。
例句5: 天气晴朗,阳光明媚,我们决定去郊外野餐。
例句6: 雨停了,风起了,天空顿时恢复了明朗。
三、注意事项1. 独立主格结构的主体和主句主体应一致;2. 如果是一般过去时或一般将来时,独立主格结构的动词需使用过去分词形式;3. 使用独立主格结构时应注意逗号的使用及位置。
总结:独立主格结构是英语语法中的一个重要结构形式,用以修饰、强调句子或补充说明主句内容。
通过使用独立主格结构,我们可以让句子更加丰富、生动,同时也能够更准确地表达出我们想要表达的意思。
在使用独立主格结构时,我们要注意主体一致性、动词形式以及逗号的使用等方面。
通过对独立主格结构的详细解释,相信读者们对其在句中的使用已有了更深入的了解。
在日常写作和口语表达中,希望大家能够灵活运用这一结构,使语言更加精彩。
考研英语语法-独立主格详解附译文

考研英语语法-独立主格详解附译文一、独立主格结构的特点独立主格是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词,副词,介词短语,分词,不定式等,在句子中作状语,相当于一个状语从句或者并列句。
它有以下三个特点与一个功能:【特点】(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
(2)名词或代词和后面的形容词,副词,介词短语,分词,不定式存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,与主句之间不能使用连词。
二、使用独立主格结构的注意事项(1) 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留连词。
如:After class was over (=Class being over/Class over) , the students soon left the classroom. 下课后,学生很快离开了课室。
(2) 在下列两种情况下,独立主格结构中的being(或having been)不能省略:a. 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。
如:It being Sunday, we went to church. 因为是星期天,我们去了做礼拜。
b. 在There being+名词的结构中。
如:There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因为没有公共汽车,所以我们不得不步行回家。
(3) 在“名词(或代词)+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中,一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。
如:Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand. 史密斯先生走进了课室,手里拿着一本书。
(比较with的复合结构:Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. )(4) 独立主格结构没有所有格形式。
如:The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了,我们开始开会。
(完整版)独立主格结构详细讲解

独立主格一、独立主格结构的含义和实质“独立主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“独立结构”,是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。
其实,所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立,它还是一种从属分句,与主句紧密联系在一起,共同表达一个完整的意思,通常在句中起状语分句的作用。
独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。
二、独立主格结构的基本形式和功能独立主格结构可以分为两部分:一部分是名词或代词,起逻辑主语的作用;另一部分是非谓语动词分句(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或无动词分句(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语),表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。
基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语,with引导的复合结构。
1.名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.注:“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。
2.名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been,being。
高中英语语法——独立主格结构

独立主格一、独立主格结构(the absolute structure)用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或词组。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,独立主格结构的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的特点:1独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
3独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
4)在句中作状语,并对主句进行补充说明。
5)它有自己逻辑上的主语,表达相对独立的意思三、构成1、名词/代词+ to doWe divide the work, he to clean windows and I to sweep the floor.The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会开始了。
2、名词/代词+ doingIt being fine, we decided to go for a picnic.There being no bus or taxi then, we had to walk home.There being nothing else to do, we left.The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.(1).__________no bus, we had to walk home. (A)A .There beingB .BeingC .Having beenD .There was(2)._______no bus, we had to walk home. (b)A .As there beingB .As there wasC .BeingD .There was(3)._______Sunday, the library doesn't open. (c)A .BeingB .There beingC .It beingD .Having been(4).______Sunday, the library doesn't open. (d or It being)A .As it beingB .BeingC .It isD .As it is3、名词/代词+ doneHis voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.Her wallet stolen, she had no money to buy even a bus ticket.因为钱包被偷了,她甚至连买车票的钱也没有了。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。
但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,我们称之为独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)。
其实,所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构。
一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Such an able man to help you,you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.A.不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
His mother to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.The four of us agreed on a division of labour, each to translate a quarter of the book.Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.B.-ing形式“独立主格结构”Being ill, he went home.Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.功能1.表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.The chairman began the meeting, everyone being seated.2.表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. (= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.)3.表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.My health allowing, I will work far into the night.4.表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.(相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest)The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.(相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky)C.-ed形式“独立主格结构”The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.The task completed, he had two months' leave.比较:动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束,动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
The manager looks worried,many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。
(事情还没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式to settle)The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了,经理看上去很轻松。
(事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭,一边看电视。
(两个动作同时进行)The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了,小孩去睡了。
(两个动作有先后,饭已做好,小孩才去睡觉的)二、无动词独立主格结构“逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。
在这种结构中,being往往可以被省去,这种省去being的结构,称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。
A.逻辑主语+名词Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.注意:独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略,一是在“There being + 名词”结构中,二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.B.逻辑主语+形容词He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.He stood there, his mouth wide open.C.逻辑主语+副词School over, we all went home.= School was over, and we all went home.He sat at his desk, his shoes off.= He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.D.逻辑主语+介词短语He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.提示:在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里,如果名词用单数,可以不用冠词,同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。
The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.= The music teacher stood at the door, a violin in his hand.)三、with/without 引导的独立主格结构介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构,上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。
A.with+名词代词+形容词He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.注意:在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中,也可用已形容词化的-ing 形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing,the old man felt unhappy.With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.B.with+名词代词+副词Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.C.with+名词代词+介词短语He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.Or. He stood at the door, computer in hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.Or. Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.D.with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式With his homework done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.E.with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.提示:在with/without 的复合结构中,多数情况下with 能省略,但without不能省略。
四、独立主格结构的句法功能独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外,还能作定语。
在形式上,“独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾,并通常用逗号与主句隔开。
A.作状语独立主格结构作状语,其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
1.表示时间Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.2.表示原因With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.3.表示条件Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.提示:表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首,并且不能保留连词。