Comments on sonnet 18原文加解析

十四行诗18英文赏析-莎士比亚[整理版]

莎士比亚的第18首十四行诗的英文赏析我能否将你比作夏天？你比夏天更美丽温婉。

狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，夏日的勾留何其短暂。

休恋那丽日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙。

休叹那百花飘零，催折于无常的天命。

唯有你永恒的夏日常新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。

死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。

只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。

这首诗的艺术特点首先是在于它有着双重主题：一是赞美诗人爱友的美貌，二是歌颂了诗歌艺术的不朽力量。

其次就是诗人在诗中运用了新颖的比喻，但又自然而生动。

Sonnet 18, often alternately titled Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?, is one of the best-known of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. Part of the Fair Y outh sequence (which comprises sonnets 1-126 in the accepted numbering stemming from the first edition in 1609), it is the first of the cycle after the opening sequence now described as the Procreation sonnets. Most scholars now agree that the original subject of the poem, the beloved to whom the poet is writing, is a male, though the poem is commonly used to describe a woman.In the sonnet, the poet compares his beloved to the summer season, and argues that his beloved is better. The poet also states that his beloved will live on forever through the words of the poem. Scholars have found parallels within the poem to Ovid's Tristia and Amores, both of which have love themes. Sonnet 18 is written in the typical Shakespearean sonnet form, having 14 lines of iambic pentameter ending in a rhymed couplet. Detailed exegeses have revealed several double meanings within the poem, giving it a greater depth of interpretation.Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet, and has the characteristic rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. The poem carries the meaning of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet. Petrarchan sonnets typically discussed the love and beauty of a beloved, often an unattainable love, but not always.[5] It also contains a volta, or shift in the poem's subject matter, beginning with the third quatrain.A facsimile of the original printing of Sonnet 18.The poem starts with a line of adoration to the beloved—"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The speaker then goes on to say that the beloved being described is both "more lovely and more temperate" than a summer's day. Thespeaker lists some things that are negative about summer. It is too short—"summer's lease hath all too short a date"—and sometimes the sun shines too hot—"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines." However, the beloved being described has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer's day. By putting his love's beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever by the power of his written words. "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The hope is that the two lovers can live on, if not through children, then through the poems brought forth by their love which, unlike children, will not fadeA major feature of this poem - analogy. Begins with the first sentence, put "you" and "Summer" as a analogy, compare the second line of the initial determination: Are you more lovely than the summer, more gentle. The difference is due to produce its in-depth analysis of 3 to 14 lines. Specifically, the first line of 3.4.5.6.7.8 enumerated the "summer" all kinds of regrets, and 9.10.11.12.13.14 line tells the "you" all kinds of advantages compared to the natural draw a final conclusion: "Y ou" is far better than "Summer," "you" because in his poetry between the lines but also has a life, and time forever. Also noteworthy is the verse 13 and 14 are also, by analogy emphasized the "eternal nature."Throughout the poem, the poet freely to the "you" talk, it seems that "you" is a living person, to listen to his voice, understanding his thinking. So this poem can be said to be people in the application of techniques based on the written. The poem "Y ou" refers to an object, academia, there are two explanations, one view is that it refers to beauty, and the other that it refers to poetry to express the good things. Now most scholars prefer the latter.One of the best known of Shakespeare’s sonnets, Sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poet’s feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest for the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youth’s beauty.On the surface, the poem is simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved; summer tends to unpleasant extremes of windiness and heat, but the beloved is always mild and temperate. Summer is incidentally personified as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion"; the imagery throughout is simple and unaffected, with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the "eternal summer", which the speaker promises the beloved. The language, too, is comparatively unadorned for the sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or assonance, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause--almost every line ends with some punctuation, which effects a pause.Initially, the poet poses a question―”Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”―and then reflects on it, remarking that the youth’s beauty far surpasses summer’s delights. The imagery is the very essence of simplic ity: “wind”and “buds.”In the fourth line, legal terminology―”summer’s lease”―is introduced in contrast to the commonplace images in the first three lines. Note also the poet’s use of extremes in the phrases “more lovely,”“all too short,”and “too hot”; these phrases emphasize the young man’s beauty.Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poetreturns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in Shakespeare’s sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight lines―that all nature is subject to imperfection―is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with “But.”Although beauty naturally declines at some point―”And every fair from fair sometime declines”―the youth’s beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of nature’s steady progression. Even death is impotent against the youth’s beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase “eternal lines”: Are these “lines”the poet’s verses or the youth’s hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothing threatens the young man’s beautiful appearance.Sonnet 18 is the first poem in the sonnets not to explicitly encourage the young man to have children. The "procreation" sequence of the first 17 sonnets ended with the speaker's realization that the young man might not need children to preserve his beauty; he could also live, the speaker writes at the end of Sonnet 17, "in my rhyme." Sonnet 18, then, is the first "rhyme"--the speaker's first attempt to preserve the young man's beauty for all time. An important theme of the sonnet (as it is an important theme throughout much of the sequence) is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever, carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."大多数莎学家认为，是作者赞美好友的超常之美的。

莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析[珍藏版】

莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析18 18我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和：Thou art more lovely and more temperate:狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过；And summer's lease hath all too short a date:有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗；And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，And every fair from fair sometime declines,被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜；By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽，But thy eternal summer shall not fade,你所拥有的美貌也不会消失，Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.注：第11行语出《旧约•诗篇》第23篇第4节：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在……”英文赏析：This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison。

英诗名篇翻译——莎士比亚十四行诗Sonnet 18-2

莎士比亚十四行诗Sonnet 181. 诗人简介莎士比亚（William Shakes Beare，1546-1616）, 英国戏剧家和诗人。

出生于英国沃里克郡斯特拉福镇一个富裕的市民家庭，13岁时因家道中落而辍学。

从此走上独自谋生之路。

他当过肉店学徒，也曾在乡村学校教过书，还干过其他各种职业，这使他增长了许多社会阅历。

22岁时离开家乡前往伦敦，先在剧院门前为贵族顾客看马，后逐渐成为剧院的杂役、演员、剧作家和股东。

莎士比亚是16世纪后半叶到17世纪初英国最著名的作家，也是欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者，本·琼斯称莎士比亚为“时代的灵魂”，马克思称他为“人类最伟大的天才之一”，恩格斯盛赞其作品的现实主义精神与情节的生动性、丰富性。

在西方世界，一般人家必备的两本书，一本是《圣经》，一本就是《莎士比亚全集》。

1984年选举世界10名伟大作家，莎士比亚名列第一。

他被誉为“奥林匹亚山上的宙斯”，而他的戏剧则被公认为是不可企及的典范。

英国有句谚语：“宁可不要100个印度，也不能没有莎士比亚。

”由此可见莎士比亚在英国人心中至高无上的文学地位。

莎士比亚一生共写有37部戏剧，154首十四行诗、两首长诗和其他诗歌。

莎剧创作可分为3个时期。

第一时期（1590～1600）以写作历史剧、喜剧为主，有9部历史剧、10部喜剧和2部悲剧。

《约翰王》、《理查三世》、《理查二世》、《亨利四世》、《亨利五世》、《亨利六世》等历史剧概括了英国历史上百余年间的动乱，塑造了一系列正、反面君主形象，反映了莎士比亚反对封建割据，拥护中央集权，谴责暴君暴政，要求开明君主进行自上而下改革，建立和谐社会关系的人文主义政治与道德理想。

《错误的喜剧》、《驯悍记》、《维洛那二绅士》、《爱的徒劳》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《温莎的风流娘儿们》、《无事生非》、《皆大欢喜》和《第十二夜》10部戏剧则大都以爱情、友谊、婚姻为主题，主人公多是一些具有人文主义智慧与美德的青年男女，通过他们争取自由和幸福的斗争，歌颂进步、美好的新人新风，同时也温和地揭露和嘲讽旧事物的衰朽和丑恶，如禁欲主义的虚矫、清教徒的伪善和高利贷者的贪鄙等。

Sonnet_18__Shakespeare_莎士比亚__详细分析_文章评论

Sonnet 18(Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare,in which he has a profound meditation of the destructive power of timeand the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves.A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetrycan last forever. Thus Shakespeare has a faith in the permanence ofpoetry. )rhetoricalShall I compare thee to a summer’s day? A summer's day = summer season,usually the bestseason in EnglandThou art more lovely and more temperate: b art: areRough winds do shake the darling buds of May, aAnd summer’s lease hath all too short a date: bSometime too hot the eye of heaven (the sun)shines, cAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed; dAnd every fair from fair sometimes declines, c Every fair(beauty)sometimes declinesfrom being fair, why? Next line.By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed; dBut thy eternal summer shall not fade, eNor lose possession of that fair thou owest, f ownestNor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, eWhen in eternal lines to time thou growest; f lines: lines of poetry; lines of shape,family linesSo long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, gSo long lives this, and this gives life to thee. gComment: 0During the Renaissance, it was common for poets to employ Petrarchan conceit奇喻 to praise their lovers. Applying this type of metaphor, an author makes elaborate comparisons of his beloved to one or more very dissimilar things. Such hyperbole was often used to idolize a mistress while lamenting her cruelty. Shakespeare, in Sonnet 18, conforms somewhat to this custom of love poetry, but later breaks out of the mold entirely, writing his clearly anti-Petrarchan work, Sonnet 130.In Sonnet 18, Shakespeare employs a Petrarchan conceit to immortalize his beloved. He initiates the extended metaphor in the first line of the sonnet by posing the rhetorical question, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The first two quatrains of the poem are composed of his criticism of summer. Compared to summer, his lover is "more lovely and more temperate" (2). He argues that the wind impairs the beauty of summer, andsummer is too brief (3-4). The splendor of summer is affected by the intensity of the sunlight, and, as the seasons change, summer becomes less beautiful (5-8).Due to all of these shortcomings of summer, Shakespeare contends in the third quatrain of this sonnet that comparing his lover to this season fails to do her justice. While "often is gold [summer's] complexion dimmed," her "eternal summer shall not fade" (6, 9). She, unlike summer, will never deteriorate. He further asserts that his beloved will neither become less beautiful, nor even die, because she is immortalized through his poetry. The sonnet is concluded with the couplet, "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long live this, and this gives life to thee" (13-14). These last two lines further clarify the theme, vowing that for all eternity his lover will be immortalized by his poetry.Although Shakespeare appears to be conforming, he still elevates his work above the exhausted conventions of other Elizabethan sonneteers. Instead of objectifying his lover through trite comparisons, he declares that she is too beautiful and pleasant to be compared even to a day of the most enjoyable season of the year. While most consider the realm of nature to be eternal and that of humans to be transitory, Shakespeare accentuates the death of a season and imbues his sweetheart with everlasting life. He ingeniously inverts the scheme of things in order to grant his love perpetual existence through his poetry.Comment 1:Shakespeare's sonnet has the same theme as Sonnet 75 by Spenser: the poet makes his beloved immortal by means of his poetry. This theme is a conventional one in Elizabethan sonnets. But Shakespeare and Spenser treat it in an original and individual manner. Spenser starts from a concrete situation and uses dialogue to make his point. Shakespeare writes a monologue in the form of an address. It contains a carefully reasoned argument which, as in many of Shakespeare's sonnets, moves in a series of steps.The first line, a question, proposes a comparison between Shakespeare's beloved and a summer season. Summer is chosen because it is lovely and pleasant. In the second line the comparison is restricted: in outward appearance and character the beloved person is more beautiful and less extreme than summer. The reasons for the restriction are given in the next four lines which describe the less pleasant aspects of summer. In the seventh and eighth lines Shakespeare complains that every beauty will become less one day. The ninth line takes up the comparison with summer again: summer has by now become the summer of life. The comparison turns into a contrast by referring back to the seventh. The poet's assurance becomes even firmer in lines eleven andtwelve, which contain a promise that death will be conquered. 'Eternal lines' refers to lines of poetry but also suggest lines of shape. It points forward to the triumphant couplet which explains and summarizes the theme: poetry is immortal and makes beauty immortal.Because of the step by step arguments Shakespeare's conclusion makes the impression of great certainty. His method is more rational and logical than Spenser's. Spenser does not try to argue or prove his theme.Shakespeare wrote a series of sonnets, most of which were probably addressed to a noble young man for whom he felt deep love and admiration. In many of them he deals with the problem of time, sometimes optimistically as in the present sonnet, sometimes in a mood of despair.Comment 2:One of the best known of Shakespeare’s sonnets, Sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poet’s feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest for the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youth’s beauty.Initially, the poet poses a question—”Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”—and then reflects on it, remarking that the youth’s beauty far surpasses summer’s delights. The imagery is the very essence of simplicity: “wind” and “buds.” In the fourth line, legal terminology—”summer’s lease”—is introduced in contrast to the commonplace images in the first th ree lines. Note also the poet’s use of extremes in the phrases “more lovely,” “all too short,” and “too hot”; these phrases emphasize the young man’s beauty.Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poet returns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in Shakespeare’s sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight lines—that all nature is subject to imperfection—is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with “But.” Although beauty naturally declines at some point—”And every fair from fair sometime declines”—the youth’s beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of nature’s steady progression. Even death is impotent against the youth’s beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase “eternal lines”: Are these “lines” the poet’s verses or the youth’s hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothing thre atens the young man’s beautiful appearance.Then follows the concluding couplet: “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” The poet is describing not what the youth is but what he will be ages hence, as captured in the poet’s eternal verse—or again, in a hoped-for child. Whatever one may feel about the sentiment expressed in the sonnet and especially in these last two lines, one cannot help but notice an abrupt change in the poet’s own estimate of his poetic writing. Following the poet’s disparaging reference to his “pupil pen” and “barren rhyme” in Sonnet 16, it comes as a surprise in Sonnet 18 to find him boasting that his poetry will be eternal.。

Sonnet_18__Shakespeare_莎士比亚__详细分析_文章评论

Sonnet 18(Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare,in which he has a profound meditation of the destructive power of timeand the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves.A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetrycan last forever. Thus Shakespeare has a faith in the permanence ofpoetry. )rhetoricalShall I compare thee to a summer’s day? A summer's day = summer season,usually the bestseason in EnglandThou art more lovely and more temperate: b art: areRough winds do shake the darling buds of May, aAnd summer’s lease hath all too short a date: bSometime too hot the eye of heaven (the sun)shines, cAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed; dAnd every fair from fair sometimes declines, c Every fair(beauty)sometimes declinesfrom being fair, why? Next line.By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed; dBut thy eternal summer shall not fade, eNor lose possession of that fair thou owest, f ownestNor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, eWhen in eternal lines to time thou growest; f lines: lines of poetry; lines of shape,family linesSo long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, gSo long lives this, and this gives life to thee. gComment: 0During the Renaissance, it was common for poets to employ Petrarchan conceit奇喻 to praise their lovers. Applying this type of metaphor, an author makes elaborate comparisons of his beloved to one or more very dissimilar things. Such hyperbole was often used to idolize a mistress while lamenting her cruelty. Shakespeare, in Sonnet 18, conforms somewhat to this custom of love poetry, but later breaks out of the mold entirely, writing his clearly anti-Petrarchan work, Sonnet 130.In Sonnet 18, Shakespeare employs a Petrarchan conceit to immortalize his beloved. He initiates the extended metaphor in the first line of the sonnet by posing the rhetorical question, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The first two quatrains of the poem are composed of his criticism of summer. Compared to summer, his lover is "more lovely and more temperate" (2). He argues that the wind impairs the beauty of summer, andsummer is too brief (3-4). The splendor of summer is affected by the intensity of the sunlight, and, as the seasons change, summer becomes less beautiful (5-8).Due to all of these shortcomings of summer, Shakespeare contends in the third quatrain of this sonnet that comparing his lover to this season fails to do her justice. While "often is gold [summer's] complexion dimmed," her "eternal summer shall not fade" (6, 9). She, unlike summer, will never deteriorate. He further asserts that his beloved will neither become less beautiful, nor even die, because she is immortalized through his poetry. The sonnet is concluded with the couplet, "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long live this, and this gives life to thee" (13-14). These last two lines further clarify the theme, vowing that for all eternity his lover will be immortalized by his poetry.Although Shakespeare appears to be conforming, he still elevates his work above the exhausted conventions of other Elizabethan sonneteers. Instead of objectifying his lover through trite comparisons, he declares that she is too beautiful and pleasant to be compared even to a day of the most enjoyable season of the year. While most consider the realm of nature to be eternal and that of humans to be transitory, Shakespeare accentuates the death of a season and imbues his sweetheart with everlasting life. He ingeniously inverts the scheme of things in order to grant his love perpetual existence through his poetry.Comment 1:Shakespeare's sonnet has the same theme as Sonnet 75 by Spenser: the poet makes his beloved immortal by means of his poetry. This theme is a conventional one in Elizabethan sonnets. But Shakespeare and Spenser treat it in an original and individual manner. Spenser starts from a concrete situation and uses dialogue to make his point. Shakespeare writes a monologue in the form of an address. It contains a carefully reasoned argument which, as in many of Shakespeare's sonnets, moves in a series of steps.The first line, a question, proposes a comparison between Shakespeare's beloved and a summer season. Summer is chosen because it is lovely and pleasant. In the second line the comparison is restricted: in outward appearance and character the beloved person is more beautiful and less extreme than summer. The reasons for the restriction are given in the next four lines which describe the less pleasant aspects of summer. In the seventh and eighth lines Shakespeare complains that every beauty will become less one day. The ninth line takes up the comparison with summer again: summer has by now become the summer of life. The comparison turns into a contrast by referring back to the seventh. The poet's assurance becomes even firmer in lines eleven andtwelve, which contain a promise that death will be conquered. 'Eternal lines' refers to lines of poetry but also suggest lines of shape. It points forward to the triumphant couplet which explains and summarizes the theme: poetry is immortal and makes beauty immortal.Because of the step by step arguments Shakespeare's conclusion makes the impression of great certainty. His method is more rational and logical than Spenser's. Spenser does not try to argue or prove his theme.Shakespeare wrote a series of sonnets, most of which were probably addressed to a noble young man for whom he felt deep love and admiration. In many of them he deals with the problem of time, sometimes optimistically as in the present sonnet, sometimes in a mood of despair.Comment 2:One of the best known of Shakespeare’s sonnets, Sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poet’s feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest for the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youth’s beauty.Initially, the poet poses a question—”Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”—and then reflects on it, remarking that the youth’s beauty far surpasses summer’s delights. The imagery is the very essence of simplicity: “wind” and “buds.” In the fourth line, legal terminology—”summer’s lease”—is introduced in contrast to the commonplace images in the first th ree lines. Note also the poet’s use of extremes in the phrases “more lovely,” “all too short,” and “too hot”; these phrases emphasize the young man’s beauty.Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poet returns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in Shakespeare’s sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight lines—that all nature is subject to imperfection—is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with “But.” Although beauty naturally declines at some point—”And every fair from fair sometime declines”—the youth’s beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of nature’s steady progression. Even death is impotent against the youth’s beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase “eternal lines”: Are these “lines” the poet’s verses or the youth’s hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothing thre atens the young man’s beautiful appearance.Then follows the concluding couplet: “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” The poet is describing not what the youth is but what he will be ages hence, as captured in the poet’s eternal verse—or again, in a hoped-for child. Whatever one may feel about the sentiment expressed in the sonnet and especially in these last two lines, one cannot help but notice an abrupt change in the poet’s own estimate of his poetic writing. Following the poet’s disparaging reference to his “pupil pen” and “barren rhyme” in Sonnet 16, it comes as a surprise in Sonnet 18 to find him boasting that his poetry will be eternal.。

Comments on sonnet 18原文加解析

Comments on 'Sonnet 18'Shakespeare's sonnets are concerned with love, beauty, poetry, and, perhaps most pervasively, on the force that the passage of time exerts upon all three.Sonnet 18The main premise of the sonnet is that the speaker compares a person's beauty with a summer's day, which points to the brief quality of one's youth and beauty. The point then is the ephemeral quality of youth and beauty.The first two lines establish the comparison and line 2 establishes who is the more radiant, but then the sonnet proceeds not with praise of the person's beauty but with a list of possible faults in a summer's day. The rest of the first quatrain and the entire second quatrain dwell on negative aspects that can mar a summer's day. The third quatrain starts to move in the real direction of the poem, which is to say that the young person's beauty and radiance (which we must assume would fade and be lost like the ephemeral summer's day) will never fade because Sonnet 18 will keep it alive. This, the main point, is then summed up in the ending couplet.Line by line (our interpretation):Line 1 If I compared you to a summer day – (how do you think this should be read? Would an ironic tone already be appropriate here?)Line 2 I'd have to say you are more beautiful and serene – (now he flatters the person he is writing to)Line 3 By comparison, summer is rough on budding life – (one may begin to wonder, here the speaker describes the beauty of the person not by direct referral to his or her beauty butby looking at what the summer's day can be in a negative sense)Line 4 And doesn't last long eitherLine 5 At times the summer sun (the eye of heaven) is too hot – (the speaker continues with the negative aspects of the summer's day)Line 6 And at other times clouds dim its beautiful golden glowLine 7 Everything that is nice in nature will at some point decline – (every fair may also refer to every fair woman who will lose her looks to age)Line 8 The decline might be by chance or by the natural workings of nature – (neither can be controlled)Line 9 However, you yourself will not fade ("Aah, finally," thinks the person in the poem, "we're getting to my positive traits, I hope."Line 10 Nor lose ownership of your fairness – (here is the sense of immortality as opposed to the ephemeral qualities of a summer's day)Line 11 Not even death will claim youLine 12 Because these lines I write will immortalize you – (the eternal lines must be seen as the sonnet itself)Line 13 As long as men breathe and see (as long as there are people who appreciate poetry.Does this suggest the poet's self-praise of his own abilities? Y our beauty will fade, butby gosh my poetry is so good you've just been immortalized)?Line 14 We interpret "this" to be referring to the sonnet itself. So this sonnet will continue to live and it will give you immortal life.http://access-literature.cappelendamm.no/c314013/artikkel/vis.html?tid=366475This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison.Commentary1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?This is taken usually to mean 'What if I were to compare thee etc?' The stock comparisons of the loved one to all the beauteous things in nature hover in the background throughout. One also remembers Wordsworth's lines:We'll talk of sunshine and of song,And summer days when we were young,Sweet childish days which were as longAs twenty days are now.Such reminiscences are indeed anachronistic, but with the recurrence of words such as 'summer', 'days', 'song', 'sweet', it is not difficult to see the permeating influence of the Sonnets on Wordsworth's verse.2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:The youth's beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. more temperate - more gentle, more restrained, whereas the summer's day might have violent excesses in store, such as are about to be described.3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,May was a summer month in Shakespeare's time, because the calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight.darling buds of May- the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favourite flowers.4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Legal terminology. The summer holds a lease on part of the year, but the lease is too short, and has an early termination (date).5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,Sometime= on occasion, sometimes;the eye of heaven= the sun.6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,his gold complexion= his (the sun's) golden face. It would be dimmed by clouds and on overcast days generally.7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,All beautiful things (every fair) occasionally become inferior in comparison with their essential previous state of beauty (from fair). They all decline from perfection.8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:By chance accidents, or by the fluctuating tides of nature, which are not subject to control, nature's changing course untrimmed.untrimmed -this can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornament and decoration. The greater difficulty however is to decide which noun this adjectival participle should modify. Does it refer to nature, or chance, or every fair in the line above, or to the effect of nature's changing course? KDJ adds a comma after course, which probably has the effect of directing the word towards all possible antecedents. She points out that nature's changing course could refer to women's monthly courses, or menstruation, in which case every fair in the previous line would refer to every fair woman, with the implication that the youth is free of this cyclical curse, and is therefore more perfect.9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Referring forwards to the eternity promised by the ever living poet in the next few lines, through his verse.10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall it (your eternal summer) lose its hold on that beauty which you so richly possess. ow'st = ownest, possess.By metonymy we understand 'nor shall you lose any of your beauty'.11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,Several half echoes here. The biblical ones are probably 'Oh death where is thy sting?Or grave thy victory?' implying that death normally boasts of his conquests over life.And Psalms 23.3.: 'Yea though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil' In classical literature the shades flitted helplessly in the underworld like gibbering ghosts. Shakespeare would have been familiar with this through Virgil's account of Aeneas' descent into the underworld in Aeneid Bk. VI.12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,in eternal lines= in the undying lines of my verse. Perhaps with a reference to progeny, and lines of descent, but it seems that the procreation theme has already been abandoned.to time thou grow'st- you keep pace with time, you grow as time grows.13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,For as long as humans live and breathe upon the earth, for as long as there are seeing eyes on the eart.14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.That is how long these verses will live, celebrating you, and continually renewing your life. But one is left with a slight residual feeling that perhaps the youth's beauty will last no longer than a summer's day, despite the poet's proud boast.ÂSonnet 18 - 'Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?'Photo © Lee JamiesonIntroductionSonnet 18 deserves its fame because it is one of the most beautifully written verses in the English language. The sonnet’s endurance comes from Shakespeare’s ability to capture the essence of love so cleanly and succinctly.After much debate amongst scholars, it is now generally accepted that the subject of the poem is male. In 1640, a publisher called John Benson released a highly inaccurateedition of Shakespeare’s sonnets in which he edited out the young man, replacing “he”with “she”.Benson’s revision was considered to be the standard text until 1780 when Edmond Malone returned to the 1690 quarto and re-edited the poems. Scholars soon realized that the first 126 sonnets were originally addressed to a young man sparking debates about Shakespeare’s sexuality. The nature of the relationship between the two men is highly ambiguous and it is often impossible to tell if Shakespeare is describing platonic love or erotic love.∙Sonnet 18: read the full text hereCommentaryThe opening line poses a simple question which the rest of the sonnet answers. The poet compares his loved one to a summer’s day and finds him to be “more lovely and more temperate.”The poet discovers that love and the man’s beauty are more permanent than a summer’s day because summer is tainted by occasional winds and the eventual change of season. While summer must always come to an end, the speaker’s love for the man is eternal. For the speaker, love transcends nature in two ways:1The speaker begins by comparing the man’s beauty to summer, but soon the man becomes a force of nature himself. In the line, “thy eternal summer shall not fade,” theman suddenly embodies summer. As a perfect being, he becomes more powerful than the summer’s day to which he was being compared.The poet’s love is so powerful that even death is unable to curtail it. The speaker’s love lives on for future generations to admire through the power of the written word –through the sonnet itself. The final couplet explains that the beloved’s “eternalsummer” will continue as long as there are people alive to read this sonnet: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.The young man to whom the poem is addressed is the muse for Shakespeare’s first 126 sonnets. Although there is some debate about the correct ordering of the texts, the first 126 sonnets are thematically interlinked and demonstrate a progressive narrative. They tell of a romantic affair that becomes more passionate and intense with each sonnet.In previous sonnets, the poet has been trying to convince the young man to settle down and have children, but in Sonnet 18 the speaker abandons this domesticity for the first time and accepts love’s all-consuming passion – a theme that is set to continue in the sonnets that follow.。

莎士比亚sonnet18赏析解析莎士比亚十四行诗的主题

莎士比亚sonnet18赏析解析莎士比亚十四行诗的主题莎士比亚毕生创作了大量杰出的文学作品。

他的喜剧和悲剧被认为是世界文学宝库中不可多得的瑰宝,但从本质上来说,莎士比亚首先是一个诗人,他的剧本,很大部分是用诗体――主要是无韵诗体写成的。

莎士比亚的诗歌成就最高的是十四行诗,总共154首。

莎士比亚热情讴歌了友谊和爱,青春和美;他们所包含的不仅是感情,还有诗人深邃的思想。

莎士比亚的十四行诗主要涉及三个人物:诗人、“年轻朋友”和“黑肤女郎”,大体分为三部分。

第一部分1―126首是诗人献给一位“年轻朋友”,他称之为“爱友”的人。

在这126首诗中,诗人热情讴歌了“年轻朋友”的美貌、聪慧、高贵和真挚(1―99),指责了他的多疑和反复无常(100―125)。

第二部分从第127首至第152首,是献给“黑肤女郎”的。

在这一部分中,诗人表达了自己对她真挚的爱情,同时也责备了她的轻浮和放荡。

最后两首诗,诗人引用希腊神话赞美爱情,可以看作是127―152首诗的终曲。

十四行诗丰富的内容交织着深刻的内心体验、精妙的意象、以及色彩斑斓的社会生活和社会风俗,充分反映了莎士比亚的人文思想。

文艺复兴时期的人文主义者反对中世纪的禁欲主义、等级制度和神权制度,赞美人的价值、尊重人的个性。

在十四行诗中,诗人热情地赞颂人的美,在他眼中,“年轻朋友”就是所有美的化身,夏日、太阳、花朵、春天、收获都用来描述“朋友”的美。

在诗人眼中,“爱友”被赋予了自然中所有的美:“一切天生的俊秀都蕴含着你”(第53首)。

然而,美并不是孤立存在的。

莎士比亚认为要区分“内心的美”和“外貌的姣好”(第16首),真正的美在于二者的结合。

他谴责那些外表美丽却心灵肮脏的人,认为他们是“烂百合花”,“最贱的野草也比它高贵得多”(第94首)。

诗人不但赞颂人的美,还赞颂人的永恒。

在十四行诗中,莎士比亚经常提到时间,认为它是青春和美丽不共戴天的敌人。

因为时间“要把你青春的白昼化作黑夜”(第15首),所以美会变丑、生命会终结。

Sonnet 18(英文赏析)

Sonnet 18By William ShakespeareShall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimed;And every fair form fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade. When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.十四行诗（其十八）威廉·莎士比亚我能把你比作夏日吗？尽管你更可爱、更温和；夏日的狂风可能会摧残五月的花儿，季节的限制又减少了可拥有的日光；天空的巨眼有时过于灼热，常使自身的辉煌无故湮没；每一种美都会消逝，不管愿意或是无奈；然而你这盛夏将永存不朽，连你所有的美都不会褪去；死神不忍逼近，生命只会长存；只要人类能呼吸，能看见；我的诗就会存在，而你的生命也会延续。