[经济学]会计学原理原文第18版 第十七章

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C 4 HorizontaClLAOVnERaCOlyRPsOiRsATION
Comparative (Partial) Balance Sheet
December 31, 2007
Dollar
2007
2006 Change
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents
$ 12,000 $ 23,500
Accounts receivable, net
60,000
40,000
Inventory
80,000 100,000
Prepaid expenses
3,000
1,200
Total current assets
c a l
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A n a l y s i s
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C4
Tools of Analysis
Measurement of key relations between
financial statement items
Procedural Learning Objectives
P1: Explain and apply methods of horizontal analysis
P2: Describe and apply methods of vertical analysis
P3: Define and apply ratio analysis
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C1
Purpose of Analysis
Financial statement analysis helps users make better decisions.
Internal Users Managers Officers
financial rewards Profitability
Market
sufficient to
Prospects
attract and retain
financing
Ability to generate positive market expectations
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=
Analysis Period Amount
–
Base Period Amount
Since we are measuring the amount of the change between 2006 and 2007, the
dollar amounts for 2006 become the “base” period amounts.
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Time
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C4
Tools of Analysis
V e
r
t
Comparing a company’s
i
financial condition and performance to a base amount
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C4
Horizontal Analysis
Now, let’s
look at
some ways
to use
horizontal
Time
analysis.
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(20.0)
Prepaid expenses
3,000
1,200 1,800
150.0
Total current assets
$ 155,000 $ 164,700 $ (9,700)
(5.9)
Property and equipment:
Land
40,000 40,000
-
0.0
Buildings and equipment, net 120,000 85,000 35,000
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C1
Basics of Analysis
Application of analytical
tools
Reduces uncertainty
Involves transforming
data
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C2
Information for Analysis
Income Statement Balance Sheet
Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
Statement of Cash Flows
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P1
Comparative Statements
Calculate Change as a Percent
Percent Change
=
Dollar Change Base Period Amount
Байду номын сангаас
$ 315,000 $ 289,700
Percent Change
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P1
Comparative Statements
Calculate Change in Dollar Amount
Dollar Change
Prepaid expenses Total current assets
$12,003,000–0 $23,510,2000= $(111,8,50000)
$ 155,000 $ 164,700
Property and equipment:
Land
($11,50400,0÷00$23,4500,000)0× 100- = 48.9%0.0
analysis C3: Describe standards for comparisons
in analysis C4: Identify the tools of analysis
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Analytical Learning Objectives
$ 155,000 $ 164,700
Property and equipment:
Land
40,000
40,000
Buildings and equipment, net
120,000
85,000
Total property and equipment $ 160,000 $ 125,000
Total assets
Internal Auditors
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External Users Shareholders
Lenders Customers
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C2
Building Blocks of Analysis
Ability to meet short-term
obligations and to efficiently generate revenues
Liquidity and
Efficiency
Solvency
Ability to generate future revenues and meet long-term
obligations
Ability to provide
Chapter 17
Analysis of Financial Statements
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Conceptual Learning Objectives
C1: Explain the purpose of analysis C2: Identify the building blocks of
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents
$ 12,000 $ 23,500 $ (11,500)
(48.9)
Accounts receivable, net
60,000 40,000 20,000
50.0
Inventory
80,000 100,000 (20,000)
41.2
Total property and equipment $ 160,000 $ 125,000 $ 35,000
28.0
Total assets
$ 315,000 $ 289,700 $ 25,300
8.7
* Percent rounded to first decimal point.
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