供应链英文

供应链英文1.The definition of Logisticsofstorage movement andof strategically managing the procurement,processLogistics is thematerials, parts and finished inventory (and the related information flows) through the organization and its marketing channels in such a way that current and future profitability are maximized through the cost-effective fulfillment of orders.'s a central theme of this book according to the first paragraph?2.What–inIt is that effective logistics management can provide a major source of competitiveadvantage preference of customer in terms competitorsofwords a position enduring superiority over othermay be achieved through logistics.'s the source of competitive advantage?3.WhatThe source of competitive advantage is found firstly in the ability of the organization to differentiate itself, in the eyes of the customers, from its competition and secondly by operating at a lower cost and hence at greater profit.4.Two vectors of competitive advantagea.Productivity advantageIn many industries there will typically be one competitor who will be the low cost producer and, that'when it comes to cost competitor will have the greatest sales volume in the sector.Big is beautiful”。

advantage.b.Value advantage公理'is means:The product buy products,they buybenefits.It Anaxiom( ):Customersdon t‘'.purchased not for itself but for the promise of what it will deliver5.Gaining competitive advantage through logistics1)Value chain can be categorized into two types-primary activities and support activities2)Competitive advantage is derived from the way in which firms organize and perform these discreteactivities within the value chain.customers throughvalue to its rivals, a firm must deliver 3)To gain competitive advantage over itsperforming these activities more efficiently than its competitors or by performing the activities in a unique way that creates greater differentiation.aboth of organization in the achievement management hasthe potential to assist the 6. Logisticscost/productivity advantage and a value advantage.the and co-ordinatingthat of planning philosophy behind the logistics concept is 7.The underlying materials flow from source to user as an integrated system rather than, as was so often the case in the past, managing the goods flow as a series of independent activities.（体制）the marketplace, link thethe goal is Thus undera logistics management regime to thatway a activity procurement in suchprocessdistribution network, the manufacturing and the customers are servicedat a higher level and yet at a lower cost.In other words to achieve the goal of competitive advantage through both cost reduction and service enhancement.8.Supply chain，and involved upstream through thenetwork of organizations thatare Thesupply chainis，in the different processes and activities that produce value in the form of prdownstream linkagesoducts and services in the hands of the ultimate consumer.9.Supply chain managementThe mangement of upstream and downstream relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole.10.Supplier and customer relationship changeIn the past it was often the case that relationships with suppliers and downstream customers were final the to way their make ultimately will costs all Butco-operative. than rather adversarialmarketplace to be reflected in the price paid by the end user.The leading-edge companies recognize the fallacy and instead to seek to make the supply chain as a whole more competitive through the value it adds and the cost that it reduces overall.They have realized that the real competition is not company against company but rather supply chain against supply chain.11.Relationship between logitics management and supply chain1)It must be recogniazed that the concept of supply chain management whilst relatively new,is in fact no more than an extension of the logic of logitics.Logitics management is primarily concerned with the organization whilst supply chain management recognizes that internal integration by itself is not sufficient.2)Logitics is essentially a planning orientation and framework that seeks to creat a single plan for the flow of product and information through a bussiness.12.Three themes of logistics and supply chain management反应性1)Responsiveness's markets,the supplier has to be able to meet the precise needs of customers in less timeIn today than ever before.The key word in this changed environment is agility.2)ReliabilitySignificant improvements in reliability can only be achieved through reengineering the processes that impact performance.A key to improving reliability in logistics processes is enhanced pipeline visibility.3)RelationshipsMore and more companies are discovering the advantages that can be gained by seeking mutually，long-term relationships with suppliers. Relationship is one that will have to prevail in thebeneficial future as supply chain competition becomes the norm.13.Elements of customer service1.Pre-transaction elements客户服务策略的书面文件Written customer service policy易接近性组织结构系统灵活性. System flexibility Organization structure Accessibility2.Transaction elements订单周期时间库存可得性订单完成率Order Order cycle time Order fill rate Inventory availability订单状况信息status informationPost-transaction elements备件可得性Availability of spares上门服务时间Call-out time产品追踪保证/Product tracing/warranty客户投诉、索赔Customer complaints, claims etc14.How to design Service-driven logistics systems一.Identify customers'service needs1.Identify the key components of customer service as seen by customers themselves.2.Establish the relative importance of those service components to customers.‘'of customers according to similarity of service preferences.clusters3.Identify二.Defining customer service objectivesThe definition of appropriate service objectives is made easier if we adopt the concept of the perfect order.'s service requirements are met in full.The perfect order is achieved when the customer'sThe measure of service is therefore defined as the percentage of occasions on which the customer requirements are met in full.三.Design the logistics system四.Some key areas where standards are essential订单周期Order cycle time库存可得性Stock availability订单规模限制Order-size constraints订货便捷性Ordering convenience送货频率Frequency of delivery送货可靠性Delivery reliability送货可靠性Documentation quality索赔程序Claims procedure订单完整性Order completeness技术支持Technical support订单状态信息Order status information15.Principles of logistics costing1.The system should mirror the materials flow. It should be capable of identifying the costs that result from providing customer service in the marketplace.by be made and revenue analyses to 2.Thesystem shouldbe capableof enablingseparate cost customer type and by market segment or distribution channel.16.How to operate the principles‘'orientation to costing. To operationalize these principles requires an output17.How to develop a gobal logistics strategy集中生产1)Focused FactoriesBy Limiting the range and mix of products manufactured in a single location to achieve considerable限制在单一制造点的产品种类和产品组合达到经济规模economies of scale一些重要的物流内部权衡问题 A number of crucial logistics trade-offs本土化包装Local packs产品的多样性Variety of products生产的灵活性Production flexibility2)Centralization of inventories从国家级别的仓库到区域配送中心From national warehouses to RDCs减少库存——平方根原则Inventory reduction-square root rule的集中化物流Centralized logistics at Lever EuropeLever Europe3)Postponement and localizationAlthough the trend to global brands and products continues, it should be recognized that there are虽然产品和品牌的国际customer requirements.still significant local differences in customer and化趋势与日俱增，但我们必须认识到顾客和消费者的需求还是有明显的地区性差异。