考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析5
Text 1The United States is said to have a mixed economy because privately owned businesses and government both play important roles. Indeed, some of the most enduring debates of American economic history focus on the relative roles of the public and private sectors.The American free enterprise system emphasizes private ownership. Private businesses produce most goods and services, and almost two-thirds of the nation's total economic output goes to individuals for personal use (the remaining one-third is bought by government and business). The consumer role is so great, in fact, that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a “consumer economy.”This emphasis on private ownership arises, in part, from American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time the nation was created, Americans have feared excessive government power, and they have sought to limit government's authority over individuals—including its role in the economic realm. In addition, Americans generally believe that an economy characterized by private ownership is likely to operate more efficiently than one with substantial government ownership.When economic forces are unfettered, Americans believe, supply and demand determine the prices of goods and services. Prices, in turn, tell businesses what to produce; if people want more of a particular goods than the economy is producing, the price of the goods rises. That catches the attention of new or other companies that, sensing an opportunity to earn profits, start producing more of that goods. On the other hand, if people want less of the goods, prices fall and less competitive producers either go out of business or start producing different goods.There are limits to free enterprise, however. Americans have always believed that some services are better performed by public rather than private enterprise. For instance, in the United States, government is primarily responsible for the administration of justice, education, the road system, and national defense.In this mixed economy, individuals can help guide the economy not only through the choices they make as consumers but through the votes they cast for officials who shape economic policy. In recent years, consumers have voiced concerns about product safety, environmental threats posed by certain industrial practices, and potential health risks citizens may face; government has responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare.1. In Line 1, Para. 4, the expression “economic forces are unfettered” means .[A] prices are determined by consumers [B] supply and demand are allowed to operate freely[C] economic regulations are not enforced [D] the economy is growing2. The last paragraph tells us that .[A] a mixed economy is guided by both individual citizens and the government[B] the role of the government in a mixed economy is more important than that of the consumer[C] individual Americans can influence the economy in multiple ways[D] the government does not regard the concerns of individual citizens3. According to the text, the U.S. is sometimes called a “consumer economy” because .[A] most goods and services are produced by consumers[B] privately owned business plays a major role in the economy[C] individual consumption plays a major role in the economy[D] consumers' rights are very important in the U.S.4. This text is mainly about .[A] how average Americans view their economic system[B] the role of the government in the American economy[C] how supply and demand determine prices in the American economy[D] the roles of the public and private sectors in the American economy5. From the first sentence of the third paragraph, we learn that .[A] American political beliefs have influenced its economic system[B] Americans fear excessive governmental control of the economy[C] private ownership is important because of American beliefs in personal freedom[D] personal freedom is the basis for private ownership in the U.S.Text 2The Internet began in the 1960s as a small network of academic and government computers primarily involved in research for the U.S. military. Originally limited to researchers at a handful of universities and government facilities, the Internet has quickly become a worldwide network providing users with information on a range of subjects and allowing them to purchase goods directly from companies via computer. By 1999, 84 million U.S. citizens had access to the Internet at home or work. More and more Americans are paying bills, shopping, ordering airline tickets, and purchasing stocks via computer over the Internet.Internet banking is also becoming increasingly popular. With lower overhead costs in terms of staffing and office space, Internet banks are able to offer higher interest rates on deposits and charge lower rates on loans than traditional banks. “Brick and mortar" banks are increasingly offering online banking services via transactional websites to complement their traditional services. At present, 14 percent of Internet households conduct their banking by means of the Internet, and the figure is expected to double or triple during the next two or three years.Increasing commercial use of the Internet has heightened security and privacy concerns. With a credit or debit card, an Internet user can order almost anything from an Internet site and have it delivered to their home or office. Companies doing business over the Internet need sophisticated security measures to protect credit card, bank account, and social security numbers from unauthorized access as they pass across the Internet. Any organization that connects its networks to the global Internet must carefully control the access point to ensure that outsiders cannot disrupt the organization's internal networks or gain unauthorized access to the organization's computer systems and data.6. According to the text, Internet banking .[A] requires minimal usage fees [B] offers price advantages to users[C] is more efficient than traditional banking [D] is environmentally-conscious7. The term “brick and mortar banks” (Line 3, Para.2) refers to .[A] banks with dependable reputations [B] banks with competitive interest rates[C] banks with traditional walk-in services [D] banks with reliable on-line services8. The last sentence of the third paragraph tells us that .[A] any organization's networks may be at risk of security breaches[B] current technology cannot safeguard against unauthorized access to online networks[C] information security should be a pressing concern for Internet commerce[D] organizations must secure their networks and data against unauthorized use9. What is this text mainly about?[A] Conveniences brought to consumers through use of the Internet.[B] Implications of increasing commercial use of the Internet.[C] Security risks posed by commercial use of the Internet.[D] Advantages of Internet banking versus traditional banking.10. Which commercial usage of the Internet does the author NOT refer to?[A] Buying airline tickets . [B] Trading stocks.[C] Applying for a credit card. [D] Opening a bank account.Text 3Some of today's most cutting-edge technology is now being used to help students with special needs. No longer just the province of games for “video needs," virtual reality has come into its own as a tool for special education teachers and therapists. As such, it is used for assessment, teaching, and practice, according to Skip Rizzo, research assistant/professor at the University of Southern California.For example, virtual reality has been used effectively to assess students' depth perception, with the results being quite different from those obtained from traditional paper and pencil tests. It is also used to help students gain transition skills: Students with autism or developmental delay can visit a virtual supermarket, take public transportation, cross the street, or organize his or her day. Students in wheelchairs can learn how to navigate buildings. And the beauty is, these students can make any number of mistakes without endangering themselves.In fact, one of the biggest virtues of virtual reality is that it allows students to learn in a safe environment, and this holds true for students with behavior disorders. After a student has learned an appropriate behavior or way of controlling his or her anger, the student is put in progressively more difficult virtual social situations where he or she can practice the new technique. And it is expected that future teachers will be exposed to virtual classes, complete with “difficult students” to help them master behavior management techniques.Virtual reality even allows us to tailor the world to meet a child's needs. Let's say we're teaching a child to cross the street by paying attention to traffic signs. Educators have found that it is often difficult for the child to locate the traffic sign in a busy environment. With virtual reality, we can blow up the “walk sign" so the student knows what it looks like. Then we gradually begin shrinking the sign and adding other environmental elements. Once the student has mastered this virtually, he or she transfers the knowledge to the real world. In the end, this is the most important function of virtual reality programs for special students.11. In Line 2, Par. 1, the word “province” means .[A] technology [B] domain [C] basis [D] region12. Virtual reality can help future teachers learn .[A] how to assess students' skill levels [B] how to respond to individual student's needs[C] how to deal with students who misbehave [D] how to run an orderly classroom13. This text mainly deals with .[A] The importance of using virtual reality in special education[B] The applications of virtual reality for special students[C] The advantages of virtual reality over conventional special education methods[D] The potential role of virtual reality in special education14. Which group does the author NOT suggest might benefit from virtual reality applications to[A] students with mental illness [B] students with behavioral disorders[C] students with physical handicaps [D] students with developmental problems15. According to the text, what is the ultimate purpose of virtual reality in education?[A] to give special students a chance to experience life in the outside world[B] to train teachers to work with students with special needs[C] to allow special students to learn life-skills in a safe environment[D] to prepare special students to transition into mainstream societyText 4In today's world, racial, ethnic, and national categories no longer impose fixed barriers or unbending traditions. This is not to say that these categories have disappeared. Rather, they are mixing and interacting in new ways . The hybrid nature of today's society is a valuable resource that companies and businesses should tap into in their quest to innovate.The ability to apply knowledge to new situations is the most valued currency in today's economy. More than ever, creativity rewards those who exercise it, so curiosity about the source of creativity has never been higher. How creativity comes about is a riddle, but a few things seem clear. Highly creative people don't necessarily excel in raw brainpower. They are misfits on some level. They tend to question accepted views and to consider contradictory ones.The implications are plain to see: Divergent thinking is an essential ingredient of creativity. Diverse groups produce diverse thinking. Therefore, diversity promotes creativity. This logic applies to corporations, research teams, think tanks, and other groups of creators. Those who rely on a team of diverse people are more likely to innovate than those who rely on platoons of similar people.To be sure, hybridity poses risks. A hybrid person may lose himself in a jumble of affiliations. A hybrid nation may botch the process of reinvention. Still, the price of such errors seems lower than the cost of circling the ethnic wagons and either shutting out people who are different or forcing them to become “one of us." Never before have so many people married across racial and ethnic lines. N ever before have so many people left their homelands for work or pleasure. Never before have so many people touched or tasted the clothes, foods, musical styles, and ideas of cultures not available to them in their youth. These people are not becoming phantoms or dilettantes. Rather, they are part of an outpouring of human creativity that is being driven by radical mixing.“You cannot spill a drop of American blood," Herman Melville wrote in 1849, “without spilling the blood of the whole world." More than ever, Melville's declaration applies not only to America, but to all nations.16. The author's attitude towards mixing of cultures is one of .[A] unrestricted enthusiasm [B] eager advocacy [C] genuine concern [D] satisfied approval17. According to the text, people are curious about sources of creativity because .[A] creativity is profitable [B] creativity is a basic human instinct[C] creativity is directly related to diversity [D] creative thought is valued by almost everybody18. In the fourth pa ragraph, the term “botch" most likely means .[A] complicate [B] err in [C] excel at [D] flourish in19. The author suggests of current times that .[A] without diversity, creativity would cease [B] the growth of the economy depends on a diverse[C] businesses can gain from the diversity [D] today's creative individual does best in business20. This text is mainly about .[A] the significance of diversity to creative thought[B] the advantages of diversity for innovative businesses[C] the impact of an increasingly multicultural society on the economy[D] the advantages and disadvantages of diversityText 1词汇注释enduring [in5djuEriN] a. 持续的，长久的sector [5sektE] n. 部门enterprise [5entEpraiz] n. 企业characterize [5kArIktEraIz] v. 以…为特点，有…特点arise [E5raiz] v. 起源于，由…引起；形成excessive [ik5sesiv] adj. 过度的authority [C:5WCriti] n. 管辖权；权力；权威realm [relm] n. 领域in addition 除此以外，另外efficient [i5fiFEnt] a. 有效率的substantial [sEb5stAnFEl] a. 基本上的；大量的unfettered [5Qn5fetEd] a. 自由的；不受拘束（或限制、控制）的particular [pE5tikjulE] a. 特别的；尤其的competitive [kEm5petitiv] a. 有竞争力的go out of business 倒闭primarily [5praimErili] adv. 主要地，首要地；起初responsible [ris5pCnsEbl] a. 负责的administration [Edminis5treiFEn] n. 管理；经营；支配justice [5dVQstis] n. 司法；正义voice [vCis] vt. 表达，吐露；发出（声音）practice [5prAktis] n. 积习；常规工作；实践potential [pE5tenF(E)l] adj. 潜在的agency [5eidVEnsi] n. 机构promote [prE5mEut] v. 推进，促进；推动welfare [5welfZE] n. 福利题目解析1.答案为[B]，属于词义推断题。
考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷360(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷360(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)It is not a question so much of what will happen as much as it is a statement of what has already happened and is still happening. Society is falling down all around us. As compared to days gone by, the family structure has weakened so much that people have developed uncaring and self serving attitudes. We see more and more with each passing year, less and less stable homes. Kids are caring for themselves and parents are out working more than ever. Even if they are structured enough to meet around the dinner table at night, it will most likely be the only time they connect with each other for the entire day. Children learn to cope with the world by watching and learning from loving parents that spend time with them. It only makes sense that when the time is not invested, the children grow to adulthood lacking life skills they should have grown up with. Society is already feeling the effects of this sad trend when we see young adults with no set goals or any kind of direction as to which path they should walk in life. Schools counselors try to help these kids decide on a career choice or a direction to look towards, but often this advice is ignored. It is the parents responsibility to guide their children and raise them in homes that are stable and caring. Ninety percent of the time, people who become successful members of society and achieve the most, come from stable, loving homes with adults that cared enough to lead them every day. If this lack of stability in the home continues to increase, then of course, society as a whole, will suffer! As parents and caregivers, we must begin to put our priorities in order if we are to build a better tomorrow. Is it more important to have a gym membership and new car or bigger house at the expense of our child and what they will bring to the future of our society? With our nation in a recession, getting back to the basics seems to be the talk of the day. Many people are realising the value of a dollar again and cutting back on many “extras”. This could be the start of building our society back up again and saving the future of it by teaching young people to work together and be together. Maybe by work hours being cut back and layoffs happening everywhere, families will spend more time together and begin to see the value of relationships rather than the value of “things”.1．We learn from paragraph 1 that ______.A．what will happen is a minor issueB．selfishness has become prevalentC．society is on the verge of collapseD．loosely structured families persist正确答案：B解析：第一段最后一句中的“…people have developed uncaring and self serving attitudes”(家庭结构变得不稳定以至于人们养成自私自利的生活态度)是该段的结论。
考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析(5)
考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析（5）(1~20/共20题)完形填空Americas Federal Reserve cut interest rates by another quarter-point, to 3.75%. Wall Street, which had been __1__ for a sixth half-point cut, was disappointed. The Dow fell by 2% __2__ the week. The past weeks economic statistics gave mixed signals. Exports dropped by 2% in both March and April, largely __3__ a decline in high-tech investment __4__; the merchandise-trade __5__ widened to $458 billion in the 12 months __6__ April. __7__, the Conference Boards index of consumer confidence was higher than __8__ in June.Concerns __9__ inflation in the euro area __10__. Preliminary data __11__ that German consumer-price inflation fell to 3.1% in the year to June, from 3.5% in May; wage growth __12__ to 1.4% in April, a real pay cut of 1.5%. Some economists fear that Germany is on the __13__ of recession. The IFO index of business confidence dropped more __14__ than expected in May, and the institute has cut its forecast of GDP __15__ this year to only 1.2%, well __16__ the German governments forecast of 2%.The euro areas current-account deficit narrowed to $30 billion in the 12 months to April. Britains deficit in the first quarter was its smallest __17__ 1998, __18__ record investment income.There was more bad news from Japan, __19__ retail sales in large stores fell by 3.2% in May, the 37th consecutive monthly fall. The yen fell __20__ the dollar, touching almost Yen 125 on one point.第1题A.expectingB.hopingC.wishingD.dreaming第2题A.inB.aboveC.duringD.about第3题A.because ofB.sinceC.becauseD.thanks to第4题A.at homeB.homeC.from abroadD.abroad第5题A.deficitB.shortageC.scarcity第6题A.toB.untilC.upD.onto第7题A.AlthoughB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Hence第8题A.projectedB.plannedC.predictedD.expected第9题A.onB.forC.ofD.over第10题A.stoppedB.easedC.relievedD.improved第11题A.showedB.demonstratedC.illustratedD.explained第12题A.reducedB.cutC.slowD.lessened第13题A.edgeB.rimC.lipD.brink第14题A.harshlyB.huskilyD.severely第15题A.growthB.riseC.increaseD.escalation第16题A.aboveB.belowC.highD.low第17题A.afterB.sinceC.untilD.towards第18题A.owe toB.because ofC.on account ofD.thanks to第19题A.whereB.whichC.whatD.who第20题A.in opposition toB.opposed toC.againstD.versus下一题(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Rarely has a national security issue of major importance become a subject of distortion and spin like the debate over the intelligence reform bill on Capitol Hill—the outcome of which will determine how US intelligence agencies and their military function for a generation to come. This is particularly true of the heated debate now taking place over how much power should be given to a new director of national intelligence.Along with House Armed Services Committee Chairman Duncan Hunter, one of the mostrespected defense experts on Capitol Hill, the Joint Chiefs of Staff and other elements within the Defense Department have raised serious questions about the far-reaching authority granted to the intelligence director under the Senate version of the bill. Specifically, Mr. Hunter believes that the Senate bill would interfere with the militarys access to intelligence on the battlefield.Right now, Mr. Hunter points out, Army units, Marines and US special forces use intelligence gleaned from overhead satellites to target enemy troops. In order to do this, they need to work closely with combat support agencies like the National Security Agency and National Reconnaissance Office. It is essential that there be a well-functioning chain of command between the American troops on the ground, the Defense Department and the people who operate the satellites. This was particularly critical during the recent fighting in Fallujah, where American troops relied on satellite photos to watch the terrorists they were seeking to kill.Although President Bush has agreed to the Senate proposal, administration officials acknowledge there is real concern that its version of the bill could undercut a system that is working well. As one official told this newspaper on Monday, the Senate measure could produce the following scenario Every time the generals want to move a satellite to help a commander quickly obtain overhead images of the enemy or intercepted communications, they would have to get the approval of the new director of national intelligence. Noting the Fallujah experience, Mr. Hunter adds that the Senate bill translates into ineffectiveness on the battlefield and, at worse, combat casualties.When asked to give his opinion on the Senate bill and an alternative measure proposed by Mr. Hunter that would preserve the current chain of command, Gen. Richard Myers, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, endorsed the California Republican lawmakers version. So, too, have the heads of the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps and Navy. The truth is that the very idea of shifting control of defense intelligence agencies away from the Pentagon (as embodied in the Senate bill) is a proposal to fix a non-existent problem, When Thomas Kean and Lee Hamilton, chairman and vice chairman of the September 11 commission, testified on Capitol Hill, both acknowledged in response to a question from Mr. Hunter their panel had come across no specific instance of a failure or negligence on the part of a Department of Defense agency.Unfortunately, the response from some senators and some sectors of the press to Mr. Hunters substantive concerns has been to portray him as undermining national security in order to preserve his bureaucratic turf. At one level, these charges are slanderous, given that Mr. Hunters son, a Marine, just completed a tour of duty in Iraq. Chairman Hunter is trying to protect his son, and all other young heroes—not his turf. If supporters of the Senate bill have substantive arguments to make that would explain why they are right and the Joint Chiefs and Mr. Hunter are wrong, they should make them. If not, they should accede to the House position. If the Senate refuses to budge, then the best course of action would be to re-visit the issue next year.第21题The best title for this passage might beA.The Effects Fallujah Fight Brings.B.A Debate Between Duncan Hunter and Some Senators.C.A Debate on the Intelligence Reform Bill.D.Duncan Hunter, A Respected Defense Expert.第22题The word gleaned (Line 2, Paragraph 3) could be probably replaced byA.gathered.e.C.piled.D.originated.第23题Mr. Hunter disagrees to the intelligence reform bill for the following reasons EXCEPTA.he believes that the bill might interfere with the militarys access to intelligence on battlefield.B.he thinks that the bill might translate into ineffectiveness on the battlefield.C.he believes that the idea of shifting control of defense intelligence agencies away from the Pentagon is a proposal to fix a non-existent problem.D.he thinks that the bill might at last cause combat casualties.第24题Which of the following is true according to the passageA.The chain of command between the American troops on the ground, the Defense Department and the satellites operator is effective during the Fallujah fight.B.The result of the debate will decide how much power should be given to the director of national intelligence.C.Administration officials are greatly appreciated for Mr. Bushs agreement of the Senate proposal.D.Mr. Hunter is undermining national security in order to preserve his bureaucratic turf.第25题The authors attitude toward the intelligence reform bill isA.positive.B.biased.C.negative.D.objective.上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Women are, on the whole, more verbal than men. They are good at language and verbal reasoning, while men tend to be skilled at tasks demanding visual spatial abilities. In fact, along with aggression, these are the most commonly accepted differences between the sexes.Words are tools for communicating with other people, especially information about people. They are mainly social tools. Visual and spatial abilities are good for imagining and manipulating objects and for communicating information about them. Are these talents programmed into the brain In some of the newest and most controversial research in neurophysiology, it has been suggested that when it comes to the brain, males are specialists while women are generalists.But no one knows what, if anything, this means in terms of the abilities of the two sexes. Engineering is both visual and spatial, and its true that there are relatively few women engineers. But women become just as skilled as men at shooting a rifle or driving a car, tasks that involve visual spatial skills. They also do equally well at programming a computer, which is neither visual。
考研英语阅读模拟题训练及答案
考研英语阅读模拟题训练及答案考研英语阅读模拟题训练及答案The purpose of an interview is to find out if your goals and the goals of an organization arepatible.Other goals of the interview are：to answer questions successfully，obtain any additional information needed to make a decision，accent your special strengths，establish a positive relationship，show confidence，and to sell yourself.Based on these goals，place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories：pany data，personal data，and specific job data.You also develop questions which you will ask to determine how well your career goals match the needs of the organization.These questions include both those you would ask before a job offer and those you would ask after a job offer.Prior to the interview，acquaint yourself with the laws pertaining to job discrimination.This knowledgewill enhance your chances of being considered on an equal standing with other applicants.To develop confidence，adequately prepare for the interview.Focus on how you can best serve the organization to which you are applying.Then rehearse until the rough edges are smoothed and you sound convincing to those with whom you have practiced.Since the interview will center on you，properself-management process is divided into four stages：the before stage，the greeting stage，the consultation stage，and the departure stage.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter，concentrating on appearance and nonverbal munication，developing your portfolio，anticipating questions with positive responses，and arriving early.The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously，using waiting-room smarts，using your time wisely，and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer.The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm，knowing when to interject key points，showing sincerity，highlighting your strengths，andlistening intently.The departure stage includes leaving on a positive note，expressing appreciation，expressing interest，leaving promptly，and making notes immediately after departure.To save time and money and offer convenience to prospective employees and employers，video taping and satellite videophones may bee a mon method of interviewing.Being at ease in front of a camera would be important for these types of interviews.Following the interview，write thank-you lettersto each person who interviewed you and to those who helped you get the interview.When invited for a second interview，go prepared by using your notes and feedback from the interview to zero in on what the pany wants.If the pany doesn‘t respond in two weeks，call back or write a follow-up letter.You may get turned down.If so，try to find out why as a means of self-improvement.Following a job offer，take a few days to consider all elements and then call or write a letter either accepting or declining the offer-—whichever isappropriate.If you accept and you are presently employed，write an effective letter of resignation，departing on a positive note.1.The word“patible”in the first sent ence probably means____.[A] in agreement [B] in conflict[C] plementary [D] practicable2.The writer advises you to familiarize yourself with the laws concerning job discrimination so that ____.[A] you can show your prospective employer you have a wide range of knowledge[B] you stand on equal chance of being hired with other applicants to the job[C] you will refuse to give answers to any questions against the current laws[D] you know how to behave within the limit of laws at the interview3.At which stage should you emphasize your qualifications for the job?[A] The before stage.[B] The greeting stage.[C] The consultation stage.[D] The departure stage.4.If you are given a second interview，it is most important for you to____.[A] write a thank-you letter to each person who interviewed you last time[B] find out exactly what the pany wants of you[C] learn from the last interview and improve yourself[D] consider all the elements that are important for the job5.The passage is mainly concerned with____.[A] how to manage an interview[B] how to apply for a job vacancy[C] how an applicant should behave during an interview[D] how to make your private goal patible with those of an organization参考答案：ABCBA。
考研英语阅读模拟题及答案
考研英语阅读模拟题及答案People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two. The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won’t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling—happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They havealso begun to find out who’s happy, who isn’t and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.1. According to the text, it is true that[A] unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.[B] happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.[C] unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.[D] happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.2. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by[A] maintaining it at an average level.[B] escaping miserable occurrences in life.[C] pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort.[D] realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.3. The phrase “To date” (Para. 4) can be best replaced by[A] As a result.[B] In addition.[C] At present.[D] Until now.4. What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?[A] One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.[B] They are independent but existing concurrently[C] One feels happy by participating in more activities.[D] They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.5. The sentence “That’s that” (Para. 5) probably means: Some people are born to be sad[A] and the situation cannot be altered.[B] and happiness remains inaccessible.[C] but they don’t think much about it.[D] but they remain unconscious of it.参考答案：A C D B A【考研英语阅读模拟题及答案】。
英语专八阅读理解模拟试题附带翻译及解析
英语专八阅读理解模拟试题(附带翻译及解析)考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析一The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise；and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha！experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just ofimplementing the solution.1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to[A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.[B] Identify a problem.[C] Bring together disparate facts.[D] Stipulate clear goals.2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis？[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not.[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis；Manager Y does not.[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem；Manager Y does not.[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem；Manager X does not.4. The text provides support for which of the following statements？[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.[C] Managers'' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text？[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.答案与考点解析1. 「答案」D「考点解析」这是一道归纳推导题。
2021年考研英语模拟阅读五
2021年考研英语模拟阅读五PassageIn 1960-1961, Chad (乍得) harvested 9800 tons of cotton seed for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The efforts of the authorities to get the peasants back to work, as they had slacked off (松懈) a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 1961-1962 total is back to the region of 45000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slackened again and sowing was started too late.The average date of sowing is about July 1st. If this date is simply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30000 to 60000 tons of cotton are gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet (小米) first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive priority given to his daily bread. An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave toprepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if one's pockets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment and draught animals encouraged.Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them through the difficult period between harvests. If necessary they should be forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them in installments (分期付款). The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra money whereas the last planters would not receive their last payment until later.Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the peasants continue willingly on their way. Educational campaigns among the peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early sowing, on which all the others depend. It is not a matter of controlling the peasants. Each peasant will remain masterof his fields. One could, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule, which, as long as it cannot be realized by the people, should at least be for the people.1. In 1960-1961, Chad had a good harvest of cotton because .A) the government greatly encouraged peasantsB) rains favored the growth of cottonC) Chad gained independence in the previous yearD) Both A)and B)2. We learn from the passage that the date of sowing cotton is usually .A) on June 15thB) on July 15thC) on July 1stD) on July 20th3. As used in the third sentence of the second paragraph,daily breadrefers to .A) breakfastB)bread and butterC)riceD)millet4. In order to help them through the difficult time between harvests the peasants have to .A) sell cotton in advanceB) be encouraged to save moneyC) sow cotton in timeD) plant millet first5. Which of the following is NOT true?A) Educational campaigns are very important to early sowing.B) Of all the advances that the writer hopes for, early sowing is the most important.C) Peasants should remain the masters of their fields.D) Government might as well make good and firm rulefor peasants.Answer1.D2.C3.D4.B5.B。
英语考研模考试题及答案
英语考研模考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of environmental protection.B) The impact of technology on the environment.C) The benefits of sustainable development.D) The challenges of urbanization.答案：B2. According to the author, which of the following is the most effective way to reduce pollution?A) Recycling.B) Using public transportation.C) Planting more trees.D) Developing renewable energy.答案：D3. What does the author suggest about the future of cities?A) They will become more crowded.B) They will rely more on technology.C) They will be more sustainable.D) They will have fewer natural resources.答案：C4. What is the author's opinion on the role of individuals in environmental protection?A) It is not significant.B) It is crucial.C) It is limited.D) It is optional.答案：B5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage asa solution to environmental problems?A) Reducing waste.B) Encouraging carpooling.C) Implementing stricter regulations.D) Banning the use of plastics.答案：D二、完形填空（共20分，每题1分）In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of environmental protection. Many people are now taking action to reduce their carbon footprint and live more sustainable lifestyles. However, it is not just individuals who can make a difference; businesses and governments also have a role to play.6. ______, the environment is a global issue that affects everyone.A) ThereforeB) ConsequentlyC) MoreoverD) Otherwise答案：A7. ______, many companies have started to implement eco-friendly practices.A) As a resultB) In additionC) On the other handD) For instance答案：A8. ______, governments have introduced new laws to regulate pollution.A) SimilarlyB) LikewiseC) ConverselyD) Nevertheless答案：B9. ______, it is important to remember that change starts at home.A) FurthermoreB) AdditionallyC) HoweverD) Therefore答案：C10. ______, individuals can make a significant impact by adopting green habits.A) In conclusionB) In summaryC) UltimatelyD) Finally答案：C三、翻译（共20分，每题5分）11. 随着科技的发展，人们越来越依赖于互联网。
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal ofmale mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girlsdo. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys inthose crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, anotherchance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost nodifference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent ofevolution has gone。
There is another way to commit evolutionary : stay alive,but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except insome religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays thenumber of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and theopportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the greatcities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity oftoday―everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring meansthat natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes。
考研英语试题精解及答案
考研英语试题精解及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 作者支持全球化。
B. 作者认为全球化对环境有害。
C. 作者认为全球化对经济有益。
D. 作者反对全球化。
答案：C2. 文章中提到的“可持续发展”是指什么？A. 经济增长不牺牲环境。
B. 经济增长以牺牲环境为代价。
C. 只关注经济增长，不考虑其他因素。
D. 只关注环境保护，不考虑经济增长。
答案：A3. 根据文章，以下哪个选项是错误的？A. 发展中国家需要全球化来促进经济增长。
B. 发达国家在全球化中扮演着重要角色。
C. 作者认为全球化是不可逆的趋势。
D. 作者认为全球化是有害的。
答案：D4. 文章中提到的“绿色经济”是什么意思？A. 一种以牺牲环境为代价的经济模式。
B. 一种注重环境保护的经济模式。
C. 一种只关注经济发展的经济模式。
D. 一种不关心经济和环境的经济模式。
答案：B5. 文章中提到的“碳足迹”是指什么？A. 个人或组织对环境的污染程度。
B. 个人或组织对经济的贡献。
C. 个人或组织的社会影响力。
D. 个人或组织的政治影响力。
答案：A二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In recent years, the concept of a "smart city" has become increasingly popular. A smart city is one that uses technology to improve the quality of life for its residents. For example, a smart city might use sensors to monitortraffic flow and __6__ congestion.6. A. reduceB. increaseC. avoidD. ignore答案：A7. These sensors can also be used to monitor air quality and__7__ any potential health hazards.7. A. identifyB. createC. ignoreD. exaggerate答案：A8. In addition to improving transportation and environmental conditions, smart cities can also __8__ energy use.8. A. increaseB. decreaseC. stabilizeD. fluctuate答案：B9. By using smart grids and energy-efficient buildings, a smart city can __9__ a significant amount of energy.9. A. consumeB. conserveC. wasteD. transfer答案：B10. The ultimate goal of a smart city is to create a more__10__ and sustainable living environment for its citizens.10. A. comfortableB. expensiveC. inconvenientD. unsustainable答案：A三、翻译（共20分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。
考研英语阅读模拟测试题及答案分析
考研英语阅读模拟测试题及答案分析考研英语阅读模拟测试题及答案分析There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents.More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11，000 miles each year.Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher.For the average adult，over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels.One third of drivers who have been drinking，but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers，demonstrate these levels.1)Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes，the probability of their involvements is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which drinking plays a role.Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country‘s population，it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both.While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most，anyone who drinks at all would be punished by this approach.To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at drinking drivers.In some states，the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers committing any traffic offense and higher BAC can be the basis for arrest.The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates，however，that even with increased arrests，there are about 700 violations for every arrest.At this level there is littleevidence that laws are effective ways to reduce drunk driving.In Britain，motor vehicle accidents fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. 2) As Britishers increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped，the effectiveness declined，although in the following three years the death-rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic drinks will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most accidents is unclear.One thing is clear，however：unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic drinking plays a role，many will continue to die.1.The author is primarily concerned with____.[A] interpreting the results of surveys on traffic accidents[B] reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to reduce drunk driving[C] analyzing the causes of the large number of annual traffic deaths[D] making an international comparison of experience with drunk driving2.It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Safety Act in Britain____.[A] changed an existing law to lower the BAC level which defined drunk driving[B] made it illegal for the drunk driver to drive[C] increased the number of drunk driving arrests[D] placed a tax on the sale of alcoholic drinks3.The author implies that a BAC of 0.1 percent ____.the sale of alcoholic drinks[A] is unreasonably high as a definition of drunk driving[B] penalizes the moderate drinker while allowing the heavy drinker to consume without limit[C] is well below the BAC of most drivers who are involved in fatal crashes[D] proves that a driver has consumed five ounces of 80 proof spirits over a short time4.The author cites the British example in order to____.[A] show that the problem of drunk driving is worse in Britain than in the U.S.[B] prove that stricter laws against drinking drivers would reduce traffic deaths[C] prove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of drunk drivers will not deter drunk driving[D] suggest that taxation of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws5.The word“deter”in the last paragraph probably means____.[A] prevent[B] encourage[C] punish[D] threaten参考答案：1.[B] 本文探讨了饮酒和汽车事故率的关系，以及相应的限制酒后驾驶的法律对事故率的影响。