河南省南阳市第一中学2018届高三上学期第三次考试英语试题含答案

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。

ATim Richter and his wife, Linda, had taught for over 30 years near Buffalo, New York—he in computers, she in special education. “Teaching means everything to us,” Tim would say. In April 1998, he learned he would need a heart operation. It was the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about life’s purpose.Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure describing Imagination Library, a program sta rted by Dolly Parton’s foundation (基金会) that mailed a book every month to children from birth to age five in the singer’s hometown of Sevier, Tennessee. “I thought, maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire”, Tim recalls. He placed the brochure on his desk，“as a reminde r”.Five years later, now retired and with that brochure still on the desk, Tim clicked on imaginationlibrary.c-o/m. The program had been opened up to partners who could take advantage of book and postage discounts.The quality of the books was of great concern to the Richters. Rather than sign up online, they went to Dollywood for a look-see. “We didn’t want to give the children rubbish,” says Linda. The books --- reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists, and Dollywood board members ---- includ ed classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snowy Day and newer books like Anna Dewdney’s Llama Llama series.Satisfied, the couple set up the Richter Family Foundation and got to work. Since 2004, they have shipped more than 12,200 books to preschoolers in their area. Megan Williams, a mother of four, is more than appreciative: “The program introduces us to books I’ve never heard of.”The Richters spend about $ 400 a month sending books to 200 children. “Some people sit there and wait to die,” says Tim. “Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left.”1. According to the text, Dolly Parton is .A. a well-known surgeonB. a mother of a four-year-oldC. a computer programmerD. a singer born in Tennessee2. Why did the Richters go to Dollywood?A. To see if the books were of good quality.B. To meet Dollywood board members.C. To make sure the books were the newest.D. To avoid signing up online.3. What can we learn from Tim’s words in the last paragraph?A. He considers his efforts worthwhile.B. He wonders why some people are so busy.C. He tries to save those waiting to die.D. He needs more money to help the children.BOne evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path .That’s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometer down the railway tracks.Ceely’s near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device (导航仪). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train,” she told the BBC.Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tel ls Ceely’s story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it’s not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless key-boards.The problem with his argument in the book is that it’s not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention.Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. B ut Stevenson doesn’t say.It’s a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it’s also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.4. The underlined phrase “near miss” i n Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by .A. close hitB. heavy lossC. narrow escapeD. big mistake5. Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?A. Digital technology often falls short of our expectation.B. Modem t echnology is what we can’t live without.C. Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be.D. GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely’s accident.6. In the writer’s opinion, Stevenson’s argument is .A. well-basedB. reasonableC. puzzlingD.one-sided7. What is the real concern of the writer of this article?A. The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.B. The human unawareness of technical problems.C. The relationship between humans and technology.D. The shortcomings of digital devices we use.CArt museums are places where people can learn about various cultures. The increasingly popular “design museums” that are opening today, however, perform quite a different role. Unlike most art museums, the design museum shows objects that are easily found by the general public. These museums sometimes even place things like fridges and washing machines in the center of the hall.People have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new industrial technology. But their role is not simply a matter of sales--it is the honoring of excellently invented products. The difference between the window of a department store and the showcase in a design museum is that the first tries to sell you something, while the second tells you the success of a sale.One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel familiar with the exhibits. Unlike the average art museum visitors, design museum visitors seldom feel frightened or puzzled. This is partly because design museums clearly show how arid why mass-produced products work and look as they do, and how design has improved the quality of our lives. Art museum exhibits, on the other hand, would most probably fill visitors with a feeling that there is something beyond their understanding.In recent years, several new design museums have opened their doors. Each of these museums has tried to satisfy the public’s growing interest in the field with new ideas. London’s Design Museum, for example, shows a collection of mass-produced objects from Zippo lighters to electric typewriters to a group of Italian fish-tins. The choices open to design museums seem far less strict than those to art museums, and visitors may also sense the humorous part of our society while walking around such exhibits as interesting and unusually attractive toys collected in our everyday life.8. Showcases in design museums are different from store windows because they .A. show more technologically advanced productsB. help increase the sales of productsC. show why the products have sold wellD. attract more people than store windows do9. The author believes that most design museum visitors .A. do not admire mass-produced productsB. are puzzled with technological exhibitsC. dislike exhibits in art museumsD. know the exhibits very well10. The choices open to design museums .A. are not as strict as those to art museumsB. are not aimed to interest the publicC. may fail to bring some pleasure to visitorsD. often contain precious exhibits11. The best title for this passage is .A. The Forms of Design MuseumsB. The Exhibits of Design MuseumsC. The Nature of Design MuseumsD. The Choice Open to Design MuseumsDHuman remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.“Yo ur current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scie ntific research and of museum practice,” they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to he returned to the ground.The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, s aid: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.12. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because .A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB. it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeC. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchD. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains13. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.D. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.14. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?A. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.D. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.15. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.B. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn.C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.D. Research time should be extended, scientists require.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处得最佳选项。