some notes on mixed model
Model Test Two答案解析
Model Test Two答案解析Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1．--- May I have your ticket, please?【解析】A。
本题考查对请求的回答。
此题询问“请把你的票给我，好吗？”，选项A的意思是“给你”表示同意的肯定回答，因此得知A为正确答案。
2．--- Excuse me, are you Mr. Brown from London?【解析】B。
本题考查对是非疑问句的回答。
此题询问“打扰了，请问您是伦敦来的布朗先生吗？”，此类问句的肯定回答是“Yes, I am”，否定回答是“No, I`m not”，因此得知B 为正确答案。
3．--- How does the new machine work?【解析】C。
本题考查对特殊疑问句的回答。
此题询问“新机器运行的怎么样？”，此类问句的回答不能用“Yes”或“No”，选项C（非常好）最符合题意，为正确答案。
4．--- Shall I meet you at your office Friday morning?【解析】C。
本题考查对建议的回答。
此题询问“周五上午我去你办公室和你见面，如何？”，只有选项C（没问题）可用于对该句的回答，因此为正确答案。
5．--- could you ask him to call me when he’s back?【解析】D。
本题考查对他人提出请求的回答。
此题询问“他回来时您可以让他给我打个电话吗？”，选项D（当然可以，我会的）是对此类请求做出的肯定回答，因此为正确答案。
Section B6．W：Have you ever thought about your future career?M：Sure. I’d like to be an engineer．Q：What does the man want to be in the future?【解析】C。
雅思阅读第044套P3-Stealth_Forces_in_weight_Loss
雅思阅读第044套P3-Stealth_Forces_in_weight_Loss雅思阅读第044套P3-Stealth Forces in weight Loss READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Stealth Forces in weight LossThe field of weight loss is like the ancient fable about the blind men and the elephant. Each man investigates a different part of the animal and reports back, only to discover their findings are bafflingly incompatible.A. The various findings by public-health experts, physicians, psychologists, geneticists, molecular biologists, and nutritionists are about as similar as an elephant’s tusk is to its tail. Some say obesity is largely predetermined by our genes and biology; others attribute it to an overabundance of fries, soda, and screensucking; still others think we’re fat because of viral infection, insulin, or the metabolic conditions we encountered in the womb. “Everyone subscribes to their own little theor y,” says Robert Berkowitz, medical director of the Center for Weight and Eating Disorders at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. We’re programmed to hang onto the fat we have, and some people are predisposed to create and carry more fat than others. Diet and exercise help, but in the end the solution will inevitably be more complicated than pushing away the plate and going for a walk. “It’s not as simple as 'You’re fat because you’re lazy,’” says Nikhil Dhurandhar, an associate professor at PenningtonBiomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge. “Willpower is not a prerogative of thin people. It’s distributed equally.”B. Science may still be years away from giving us a miracle formula for fat-loss. Hormone leptin is a crucial player in the brai n’s weight-management circuitry. Some people produce too little leptin; others become desensitized to it. And when obese people lose weight, their leptin levels plummet along with their metabolism. The body becomes more efficient at using fuel and conserving fat, which makes it tough to keep the weight off. Obese dieters’ bodies go into a state of chronic hunger, a feeling Rudolph Leibel, an obesity researcher at Columbia University, compares to thirst. “Some people might be able to tolerate chronic thirst, but the majority couldn’t stand it,” says Leibel. “Is that a behavioral problem - a lack of willpower? I don’t think so.”C. The government has long espoused moderate daily exercise - of the evening-walk or take-the-stairs variety - but that may not do much to budge the needle on the scale. A 150-pound person burns only 150 calories on a half-hour walk, the equivalent of two apples. It’s good for the heart, less so for the gut. “Radical changes are necessary,” says Deirdre Barrett, a psychologist at Harvard Medical School and author of Waistland.“People don’t lose weight by choosing the small fries or taking a little walk every other day.” Barrett suggests taking a cue from the members of the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR), a self-selected group of more than 5,000 successful weight-losers who have shed an average of 66 pounds and kept it off 5.5 years. Some registry members lost weight using low-carb diets; some went low-fat; others eliminated refined foods. Some did it on their own;others relied on counseling. That said, not everyone can lose 66 pounds and not everyone needs to. The goal shouldn’t be getting thin, but getting healthy. It’s enough to whittle your weight down to the low end of your set range, says Jeffrey Friedman, a geneticist at N ew York’s Rockefeller University. Losing even 10 pounds vastly decreases your risk of diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. The point is to not give up just because you don’t look like a swimsuit model.D. The negotiation between your genes and the environment begins on day one. Your optimal weight, writ by genes, appears to get edited early on by conditions even before birth, inside the womb. If a woman has high blood-sugar levels while she’s pregnant, her children are more likely to be overweight or obese, according to a study of almost 10,000 mother-child pairs. Maternal diabetes may influence a child’s obesity risk through a process called metabolic imprinting, says Teresa Hillier, an endocrinologist with Kaiser Permanente’s Center for Health Research and the study’s lead author. The implication is clear: Weight may be established very early on, and obesity largely passed from mother to child. Numerous studies in both animals and humans have shown that a mother’s obesity directly increases her child’s risk for weight gain. The best advice for moms-to-be: Get fit before you get pregnant. You’ll reduce your risk of complications during pregnancy and increase your chances of having a normal-weight child.E. It’s the $64,000 question: Which diets w ork? It got people wondering: Isn’t there a better way to diet? A study seemed to offer an answer. The paper compared two groupsof adults: those who, after eating, secreted high levels of insulin, a hormone that sweeps blood sugar out of the bloodstream and promotes its storage as fat, and those who secreted less. Within each group, half were put on a low-fat diet and half on a low-glycemic-load diet. On average, the low-insulin- secreting group fared the same on both diets, losing nearly 10 pounds in the first six months - but they gained about half of it back by the end of the 18-month study. The high-insulin group didn’t do as well on the low-fat plan, losing about 4.5 pounds, and gaining back more than half by the end. But the most successful were the high- insulin-secretors on the low-glycemic-load diet. They lost nearly 13 pounds and kept it off.F. What if your fat is caused not by diet or genes, but by germs - say, a virus? It sounds like a sci-fi horror movie, but new research suggests some dimension of the obesity epidemic may be attributable to infection by common viruses, says Dhurandhar. The idea of “infectobesity” came to him 20 years ago when he was a young doctor treating obesity in Bombay. He discovered that a local avian virus, SMAM-1, caused chickens to die, sickened with organ damage but also, strangely, with lots of abdominal fat. In experiments, Dhurandhar found that SMAM-1-infected chickens became obese on the same diet as uninfected ones, which stayed svelte.G. He later moved to the U.S. and onto a bona fide human virus, adenovirus 36 (AD-36). In the lab, every species of animal Dhurandhar infected with the virus became obese - chickens got fat, mice got fat, even rhesus monkeys at the zoo that picked up the virus from the environment suddenlygained 15 percent of their body weight upon exposure. In his latest studies, Dhurandhar has isolated a gene that, when blocked from expressing itself, seems to turn off the virus’s fattening power. Stem cells extracted from fat cells and then exposed to AD-36 reliably blossom into fat cells - but when stem cells are exposed to an AD-36 virus with the key gene inhibited, the stems cells don’t differentiate. The gene appears to be necessary and sufficient to trigger AD-36-related obesity, and the goal is to use the research to create a sort of obesity vaccine.SECTION 3: QUESTION 27-40Questions 27-31Reading Passage has seven sections, A-G. Which section contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 17-31 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.27 ______________ evaluation on the effect of weight loss on different kind of diets28 ______________G an example of research which includes the relatives of the participants29 ______________ an example of a group of people who did not regain weight immediately after weight loss30 ______________ long term hunger may appear to be acceptable to most of the participants during the period of losing weight program31 ______________ a continuous experiment may lead to a practical application besides diet or hereditary resort Questions 32-36Look at the following researchers and the list of findings below.Match each researcher with the correct finding.Write the correct letter in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than oncethe interaction of his/her DNA and the environment33 ______________ Pregnant mothers who are overweight may risk their fetus in gaining weight.34 ______________ The aim of losing weight should be keeping healthy rather than being attractive.35 ______________ Small changes in lifestyle will not help in reducing much weight.36 ______________ Researchers should be divided into different groups with their own point of view about weight loss.Questions 37-40Complete the summery below. Choose NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.。
达芬奇英语简介
达芬奇英语简介达芬奇，意大利学者、艺术家。
也是欧洲文艺复兴时期的著名人物，现代学者称他为“文艺复兴时期最完美的代表”，下面是店铺给大家整理的达芬奇英语简介，供大家参阅!达芬奇简介Leonardo di Piero da Vinci (Italian name: Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, Julian calendar April 15, 1452 (Gregorian calendar April 23) - May 2, 1519 , At the age of 67), the Italian scholar, the artist.European Renaissance genius scientist, inventor, painter. Modern scholars call him the "perfect representative of the Renaissance", is the unique history of human history, his greatest achievement is painting, his masterpiece "Mona Lisa", "the last dinner", "rock Our Lady "and other works, embodies his superb artistic attainments. He believes that the most beautiful natural object of study is the human body, the human body is the wonderful works of nature, the painter should be the core of the object of painting.He is a deep thinking, knowledgeable, versatile painter, astronomer, inventor, construction engineer. He is also good at sculpture, music, invention, architecture, familiar with mathematics, physics, physics, astronomy, geology and other disciplines, both versatile, and hard work, save the manuscript about 6000 pages. All his research results are kept in his manuscript, Einstein believes that Leonardo da Vinci's scientific research if published at the time, then the technology can be 30-50 years ahead of time.Da Vinci juvenile has been revealed artistic talent, about 15 years old to Florence apprentice learning, grow into a scientificliteracy painter, sculptor. And became a military engineer and architect in 1482 after graduation to Milan graduated from the Italian Institute of Technology to become a famous Italian architect, artist, in the aristocratic palace in the creation and research activities, since 1513 drifted in Rome and Florence and other places. 1516 living in France, May 15, 1519 died. Asteroid 3000 was named "Leonardo". The most famous work is "Mona Lisa" is now one of the three treasures of the Louvre in Paris.达芬奇人物生平On April 15 of 1452 (the Julian calendar), Leonardo da Vinci was born three hours later in the night "near the valleys of the Tuscan hills of the Finch, near the valleys flowing through the Arno River, The family of the Republic of Florence under the reign of the Dodge family, the father of Leonardo da Vinci, called Pierre Pierre Da Vinci, is the legal notary of Florence and is so rich in his mother. • Finch is their illegit imate son. Da Vinci does not have a real name, his full name "Lionardo di ser Piero da Vinci" means: "Vinci town Moses Piero son - Leo Naduo. "His name" ser "only shows that his father is a gentleman.We know very little about Leonardo da Vinci's childhood. He lived with his mother in the village of Finch before the age of five, and after 1457 and his father, grandparents, uncle Francesco lived in the town of Finch. His father and the 16-year-old girl named Albiera got married. She loves da Vinci, but dies early Leonardo da Vinci was sixteen years old when his father married the two-year-old Francesca Lanfredini. Until his third and fourth marriage, Leonardo da Vinci's father had a legitimate heir.Da Vinci did not formally learn Latin, geometric and math.Later, Da Vinci recorded his childhood two small accidents. Once there was a bird hovering over his cradle, its tail's feathersswept his face. Another time, he found a cave in the mountains to explore, although the fear will be hidden inside the monster, but in the curiosity of the final drive or go to find out. The Leonardo da Vinci's childhood has become a historical problem. In the sixteenth century, the Renaissance biographer and painter Joel Qiao Vasari, described a local farmer who had made a shield, and asked Leonardo da Vinci's father, Pierre, to paint on the shield. Son Da Vinci painted a monster that spit on the flames. This painting is lifelike, it is very scary, Piero put it to the Florentine art intermediary, art intermediary and the painting sold to the Duke of Milan. Then Piero was using the transfer of the painting to make money to the farmer to buy a new shield, painted above a red arrows through the arrow.We are more familiar with the image of Da Vinci basically from his famous self-portrait, so a mention of Leonardo, we always think of a philosopher-like wise elders. In fact, Leonardo da Vinci young age, but Italy, Florence, famous man! (But because he was not interested in women, so then he was gay rumors flying)!His teacher Verroeo sculpture of the handsome extraordinary bronze David is said to be the young Da Vinci as a model. Da Vinci's artistic career developed most smoothly in the period 1482 - 1499 Milan. Leonardo da Vinci's lyre played well, he first appeared as a musician rather than a painter or inventor in Milan. During this period of his paintings are not many, but its unparalleled talent is very popular with Milan Grand Duchess of Dovico Svolza.1499 years to avoid the war Da Vinci in Mantua and Venice and other places to travel and conduct some scientific research.In 1500 Leonardo da Vinci returned to Florence and beganto create "Mona Lisa". "Mona Lisa" using a perspective method and other painting methods. After that, Leonardo da Vinci went to Milan and continued to serve the Milan court.1513 moved to Rome, Rome for Leonardo is not very pleasant place. Where he made a short stay, saw Michelangelo and other artists at the time in Rome, but did not reveal any of his artistic genius. Where he is basically studying some similar to the magic of the trick, so that the Romans when he is a shaman class of people.In 1516 Da Vinci went to France and finally settled in Amboise.In his later years rarely painting, devote themselves to scientific research, leaving a lot of notes handed down manuscripts, content from physics, mathematics to biological anatomy, almost all-encompassing. There are not many works of his life, but pieces are immortal. His works have a distinct personal style and are good at combining art creation with scientific inquiry, which is unique in the history of world art. The academic community generally divides its creative activities into two stages of early and peak.达芬奇科学Renaissance humanism (Renaissance humanism) between science and art is not mutually exclusive extreme phenomenon. Da Vinci studied science and engineering as his artwork was memorable and outstanding. About 13,000 pages of notes and paintings in the manuscript are all records of mixed art and science. These records are Da Vinci in the European journey through the observation of the surrounding and continue to create.He wrote his mirror all his life. For the left hand writer, thequill pen is pulled from right to left to write than from left to right to write easy to write, and will not just write the word paste. So his diary is a mirror word.In science, Da Vinci is a huge observer, can be a very fine description of the way that a phenomenon. But not through the theory and experiment to verify. Because of the lack of formal education in Latin and mathematics, most of the scholars at the same time did not notice Da Vinci in the field of science. And Da Vinci rely on self-learning to understand Latin. It has also been said that Leonardo da Vinci intends to publish a series of papers containing various subjects, but never achieved.The rhombicuboctahedron, painted by Leonardo da Vinci, appeared in the "Divina Proportione" of Luca Pacioli in 1509.Leonardo da Vinci began to understand human anatomy when he studied with Andrea del Verrocchio. At that time Verrochio insisted that all disciples learn anatomy. When Da Vinci became a successful artist, he was given permission to dissect the human body at the hospital Santa Maria Nuova hospital in Florence. After which he worked at the hospital Maggiore and the hospital of Santo Spirito (the first Italian local hospital). In 1510 to 1511, he worked with Doctor Marcantonio della Torre; 1481 - 1511). Within 30 years, Da Vinci dissected a total of 30 different sexes of the human body. When working with Dr. Thor, Da Vinci was ready to publish anatomical works and painted more than 200 paintings.However, his book until the 1680 AD (died in 161 years) to "painting" in the name of the publication. In addition to the human body, Leonardo da Vinci also dissected cattle, poultry, monkeys, bears, frogs as anatomical structure.Leonardo da Vinci painted many human skeletal iliacs, andhe was also the first person to describe the spine double S type. He also studied the pelvic and sacral inclination as well as emphasizing the sacral not only a single form, but also the five vertebrae. Leonardo da Vinci is also able to show the shape of the skull and the cross-section of the brain (cross section, longitudinal section, tangent plane). He painted many maps including the lungs, mesenteric, urinary tracts, sexual organs and even sexual intercourse. He is the first to draw the fetus in the womb (he wants to understand the "birth miracle") is also the first to draw the abdominal cavity in the appendix. In addition Da Vinci often depicts the muscles and tendons of the neck and shoulders. In 2005, Leonardo da Vinci's paintings inspired a British heart surgeon to develop a new way to repair damaged hearts.He can be said that the local anatomy of the master, not only the study of human anatomy outstanding performance, but also in the study of other animal anatomy when the same outstanding performance. Leonardo da Vinci not only concerned with the body structure, but also concerned about the physiological function, which makes him become anatomists and physiologists. He actively looks for the appearance of obvious physical defects as a model in order to draw a funny painting highlights the significance of physiological function. It is worth mentioning that Da Vinci can write one hand at the same time.Based on human anatomical research also makes Da Vinci design the first robot in history. This design, called Leonardo's robot, may have been completed in 1495, but it was not until the 1950s. I wonder if this design is to be made into an entity.。
ModelandsampleanswersforWritingtasks
Model and sample answers for Writing tasksTEST 1, WRITING TASK 1 SAMPLE ANSWERThis is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 7 score. Here is the examiner's comment:This is answer clearly presents the key features of the diagrams, and although the first map is described only briefly, this is acceptable for this particular task. The description is accurate though some aspects, such as the section on the accommodation, could have been morefully extended. The final paragraph summarises the main pointseffectively. The information is logically organized and can be easilyfollowed throughout the response. A range of cohesive devicesincluding reference and substitution is used appropriately, with only occasional inaccuracies. Some less common vocabulary andcollocations are used appropriately, e.g. centrel reception block;western accommodation units, and there are no spelling errors. There is a variety of grammatical structures and many sentences contain no inaccuracies. Where errors do occur, they do not affect understanding. The two maps show the same island while first one is before and the second one is after the construction for tourism.Looking first at the one before construction, we can see a huge island with a beach in the west. The total length of the island is approximately 250miles.Moving on to the second map, we can see that there are lots of buildings on the island. There are two areas of accommodation. One is in the west near the beach while the other one is in the centre of the island. Between them, there is a restaurant in the north and a central reception block, which is surrounded by a vehicle track. This track also goes down to the pier where people can go sailing in the south sea of the island. Furthermore, tourists can swim near the beach in the west. A footpath connecting the western accommodation units also leads to the beach.Overall, comparing the two maps, there are significant changes after this development. Not only lots of facilities are built on the island, but also the sea is used for activities. The new island has become a good place for tourism.TEST 1, WRITING TASK 2MODEL ANSWERThis model has been prepared by an examiner as an example of a very good answer. However, please note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches.Traditionally children have begun studying foreign languages at secondary school, but introducing them earlier is recommended by some educationalists. This policy has been adopted by some educational authorities or individual schools, with both positive and negative outcomes.The obvious argument in its favour is that young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers. Their brains are still programmed to acquire their mother tongue, which facilitates learning another language, and unlike adolescents, they are not inhibited by self-consciousness.The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent, shorter sessions and for a play-centred approach, thus maintaining learners'enthusiasm and progress. Their command of the language in later life will benefit from this early exposure, while learning other languages subsequently will be easier for them. They may also gain a better understanding of other cultures.There are, however, some disadvantages. Primary school teachers are generalists, and may not have the necessary language skills themselves. If specialists have to be brought in to deliver these sessions, the flexibility referred to above is diminished. If primary language teaching is not standardized, secondary schools could be faced with a great variety of levels in different languages within their intake, resulting in a classroom experience which undoes the earlier gains. There is no advantage if enthusiastic primary pupils become demotivated as soon as they change schools. However, these issues can be addressed strategically within the policy adopted.Anything which encourages language learning benefits society culturally and economically, and early exposure to language learning contributes to this. Young children's innate abilities should be harnessed to make these benefits more achievable.。
新视野大学英语第一册教案unit4
Unit 4III. Teaching procedures:Period 1Step 1: Warming up1. Watch the video clip and then ask questions.Question 1 What is your first impression of the woman in the movie?behavior: rude/uncivilized, not properdressing: revealingimpression: not popularQuestion 2 Why do you say so?unspoken communication (consciously or unconsciously): eyes, faces,bodies, attitudes…Question 3 What may influence people’s impression of a person?physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice,gestures, …2. Listen to a passage about body language and answer following questions according to what you hear.Question 1 How do we show our true feelings during the first 7 seconds?Key: eyes, faces, bodies, attitudes, unspoken communicationQuestion 2 What are the other 3 suggestions the author gives?Key: be yourself, use your eyes, lighten upQuestion 3 Why do we have the power to make a good expression?Key: We can be ourselves at our best, not anyone else.3. Group WorkRead the following statements. What should be done and what should not be done? Discuss in groups and form a common opinion. Work out a report together, and then send your representative to report in front of the class. The first sentence has been given: After discussion, our group comes to the conclusion…1.Stride into the room to impress others.2.Shake hands powerfully.3.Fix your eyes on the others.municate with one’s whole being.5.Change according to different situations.6.Keep eye contact while talking to others.7.Take yourselves seriously. No one dares to joke on you.8.Often say “I”.4. Group Work: A Job InterviewOne student role-plays a job interviewee and the other members interviewers from a soft drink company. Remember to apply the four strategies in the text to the job interview.1.Dress properlyFor Gentleman: A suit and a tie.A pressed dress shirt and lacks (长裤).Polished dress shoes.Professional haircut.For ladies: A business suit.A dress blouse and a long dress.Skirt or trousers.Medium-heeled dress shoes.Styled hair.Keeping jewelry to a minimum.2.Offer a firm handshake3.Smile truly and sincerely4.Sit with good postureHands folded in your lap or the desk naturallyStand tall. Walk tall and sit tall Sit at the front edge of the chair.Leaning slightly forward.5.Keep eye contact, but not stare at the interviewerMaintain sincere continuous eye contact but avoid staring.Use natural and meaningful gesture when necessary.6.No heavy makeup7.No cell phone8.No chewing gum9.No smoking5. You never get a second chance to make a first impression.Then, what can we do to make a good impression on others?Maybe you can find the answer you need in this text. Ok, now look at the title of the text “How to Make a Good Impression”. Let’s look at an important word in the tiltle.impression n. an effect, a feeling, or an image retained: to depend on for support and encouragemente.g. What’s your first impression on your English teacher?—I am impressed by...— Her/his... impresses me greatly.Step 2 Words and Expressions1. conscious adj. aware, realizing sth.e.g. He was badly hurt, but he remained conscious.他伤得很重，但仍未失去知觉。
大学英语四级模拟试卷148(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级模拟试卷148(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1． A Letter of Consolation 1．询问同学病情，表示关切2．谈谈班级近况，表达思念之情3．表达希望同学早日康复返校的良好祝愿正确答案：Sample WritingA Letter of ConsolationDear friend, Are you feeling any better these days? We’re all concerned about your health. Perhaps I don’t know exactly what illness feels like, but I guess that the days in hospital must be boring. It has been three weeks since you left and all your roommates have started to miss you and your jokes. You always had a funny story to tell at bedtime in the dorm. How we enjoyed it all! Over the past three weeks, nothing much has happened. Everybody is busy with study since the mid-term exams are around the corner. You needn’t worry too much about missing the exam. The teacher knows all about your case and she told me that a makeup test could be arranged when you are back. Valuable as the study is, more important is your own body. Don’t worry too much about lessons. I will keep all the notes in class for you, and when you are back at school I’ll help you to catch up. Be sure to follow the advices of the doctor and make a point of doing some exercises every day. What I want to say is that we, the friends around you, are waiting for your coming back. Yours SincerelyWu YeqiongPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.The “Never-Stop”Blogging To celebrate four years of marriage, Richard Wiggins and his wife, Judy Matthews, recently spent a week in Key West(基韦斯特市). Early on the morning of their anniversary, Ms. Matthews heard her husband get up and go into the bathroom. He stayed there for a long time. “I didn’t hear any water running, so I wondered what was going on,”Ms. Matthews said. When she knocked on the door, she found him seated with his laptop balanced on his knees, typing into his Web log, a collection of observations about the technical world, over a wireless link.The increasing biogging Blogging is a pastime for many, even a livelihood for a few. For some, it becomes an obsession (沉迷). Such bloggers oftenfeel compelled to write several times daily and feel anxious if they don’t keep up. As they spend more time sitting in front of their computers, they neglect family, friends and jobs. They blog at home, at work and on the road. They blog openly or sometimes, like Mr. Wiggins, quietly so as not to call attention to their habit. The number of bloggers has grown quickly, thanks to sites like , which makes it easy to set up a biog. Technorati, a blog-tracking service, has counted some 2.5 million blogs. Of course, most of those millions are abandoned or, at best, maintained infrequently. For many bloggers, the novelty soon wears off and their persistence fades. Sometimes, too, the realization that no one is reading sets in. A few blogs have thousands of readers, but never have so many people written so much to be read by so few. By Jupiter Research’s estimate, only 4 percent of online users read blogs.The self. talking Mr. Wiggins Indeed, if a blog is compared to a conversation between a writer and readers, bloggers like Mr. Wiggins are having conversations largely with themselves. Mr. Wiggins, 48, a senior information technologist at Michigan State University in East Lansing, does not know how many readers he has; he suspects it’s not many. But that does not seem to bother him. “I’m just getting something off my chest,” he said. Nor is he deterred(妨碍) by the fact that he endeavors for hours at a time on his blog for no money. He gets satisfaction in other ways. “Sometimes there’s an ‘I told you so’ aspect to it,” he said. Recent reflections on wigblog, blogspot, com have focused on Gmail, Google’s new e-mail service. Mr. Wiggins points with pride to Wigblog posts that voiced early privacy concerns about Gmail.Being addicted Perhaps a chronically small audience is a blessing. For it seems that the more popular a blog becomes, the more some bloggers feel the need to post. Mr. Pierce, who lives in Hollywood and works as a scheduler in the entertainment industry, said blogging began to feel like an addiction when he noticed that he would rather be with his computer than with his girlfriend -- for technical reasons. “She’s got an iMac, and I don’t like her computer,” Mr. Pierce said. When he is at his girlfriend’s house, he’s getting ants in his pants. “We have little fights because I want to go home and write my thing,” he said. Mr. Pierce described the rush he gets from what he called “the fix” provided by his biog. “The pleasure of reply is twofold,” he said, “You can have instant response; you’re going to hear about something really good or bad. And if I feel like I’ve written something good, it’s enjoyable to go back and read it. And, like most addictions, those feelings go away quickly. So I have to do it again and again. It is not uncommon among bloggers.”A sense of achievement Joseph Lorenzo Hall, 26, a graduate student at the School of Information Management and Systems at the University of California at Berkeley who has studied bloggers, said that for some people blogging has replaced e-mail as a way to procrastinate (耽搁) at work. People like Mr. Pierce, who devote much of their free time to the care and feeding of their own blogs and posting to other blogs, do so largely because it makes them feel productive even if it is not a paying job. Mr. Wiggins has missed deadline after deadline at Searcher, an online magazine for which he is a paid contributor. Barbara Quint, the editor of the magazine, said she did all she could to get him to deliver his columns on time. Then she discovered that Mr. Wiggins was busily posting articles to his blog instead of sending her the ones he had promised, see said.“Here he is working all night on something read by five second cousins and a dog, and I’m willing to pay him,” she said. Ms. Quint has grown more understanding of his reasons, if not entirely sympathetic. “The Web’s illusion of immortality(不朽的名声) is sometimes more attractive than actual cash,”she said.Blogging as routine Mr. Jarvis characterizes the blogging way of life as a routine rather than an obsession. “It’s a habit,”he said. “What you’re really doing is telling people about something that they might find interesting. When that becomes part of your life, when you start thinking in blog, it becomes part of you.”Blog fatigue Suffering from a similar form of “blog fatigue,”Bill Barol, a freelance writer in Santa Monica, California, simply stopped altogether after four years of nearly constant blogging. “It was starting to feel like work, and it was never supposed to be a job,”Mr. Barol said, “It was supposed to be an anti- job.” Even with some 200 visitors to his blog each day, he has not posted to his blog since returning from a month of travel. Still, Mr. Barol said, he does not rule out a return to blogging someday. “There is this attractive thing that happens, this kind of snowball-rolling-down-a-hill thing, where the sheer momentum (动力) of several years’ posting becomes very keenly felt,” he said. “And the absence of posting feels like -- I don’t know, laziness or something.2．The passage gives examples of some typical bloggers to describe blogging as a new way of online performance.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A解析：主旨题。
RFC2822中文
翻译者：MagicalbombPS：由于本人的英语水平很有限，并且精力有限，所以只翻译Section1-4，并且部分无力翻译的部分，提供了原版的英语。
并且比较多的地方翻译的不是很流畅。
但是即使是这样，若能够帮助到你，我也会非常高兴RFC：2822地址：https:///html/rfc2822.htmlObsoleted by: 5322 PROPOSED STANDARD Updated by: 5335, 5336 Errata ExistNetwork Working Group P. Resnick, EditorRequest for Comments: 2822 QUALCOMM Incorporated Obsoletes: 822Category: Standards Track--------------互联网信息格式(Internet Messsage Format)------------本备忘录的状态这个文档为互联网社区规范了互联网标准跟踪协议(Internet standards track protocol)，并且本文档希望能够得到大家的建议和讨论从而变得更加完善。
请参考当前的"Internet Official Protocol Standards"(STD 1) 。
为本备忘录做出贡献是没有限制的--Copyright NoticeCopyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.--抽象它是一种语法，针对一个在多台计算机之间传输的电子邮件消息。
这个标准取代了RFC822中所提到的标准，“ARPA网中的标准消息格式”。
为了适应实际的情况和不断的变化，对于更新的本备忘录将会记载在其他的RFC中。
目录1. Introduction (3)1.1. Scope (3)1.2. Notational conventions (4)1.2.1. Requirements notation (4)1.2.2. Syntactic notation (4)1.3. Structure of this document (4)2. Lexical Analysis of Messages (5)2.1. General Description (5)2.1.1. Line Length Limits (6)2.2. Header Fields (7)2.2.1. Unstructured Header Field Bodies (7)2.2.2. Structured Header Field Bodies (7)2.2.3. Long Header Fields (7)2.3. Body (8)3. Syntax (9)3.1. Introduction (9)3.2. Lexical Tokens (9)Resnick Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 2822 Internet Message Format April 20013.2.1. Primitive Tokens (9)3.2.2. Quoted characters (10)3.2.3. Folding white space and comments (11)3.2.4. Atom (12)3.2.5. Quoted strings (13)3.2.6. Miscellaneous tokens (13)3.3. Date and Time Specification (14)3.4. Address Specification (15)3.4.1. Addr-spec specification (16)3.5 Overall message syntax (17)3.6. Field definitions (18)3.6.1. The origination date field (20)3.6.2. Originator fields (21)3.6.3. Destination address fields (22)3.6.4. Identification fields (23)3.6.5. Informational fields (26)3.6.6. Resent fields (26)3.6.7. Trace fields (28)3.6.8. Optional fields (29)4. Obsolete Syntax (29)4.1. Miscellaneous obsolete tokens (30)4.2. Obsolete folding white space (31)4.3. Obsolete Date and Time (31)4.4. Obsolete Addressing (33)4.5. Obsolete header fields (33)4.5.1. Obsolete origination date field (34)4.5.2. Obsolete originator fields (34)4.5.3. Obsolete destination address fields (34)4.5.4. Obsolete identification fields (35)4.5.5. Obsolete informational fields (35)4.5.6. Obsolete resent fields (35)4.5.7. Obsolete trace fields (36)4.5.8. Obsolete optional fields (36)5. Security Considerations (36)6. Bibliography (37)7. Editor's Address (38)8. Acknowledgements (39)Appendix A. Example messages (41)A.1. Addressing examples (41)A.1.1. A message from one person to another with simpleaddressing (41)A.1.2. Different types of mailboxes (42)A.1.3. Group addresses (43)A.2. Reply messages (43)A.3. Resent messages (44)A.4. Messages with trace fields (46)A.5. White space, comments, and other oddities (47)A.6. Obsoleted forms (47)Resnick Standards Track [Page 2]RFC 2822 Internet Message Format April 2001A.6.1. Obsolete addressing (48)A.6.2. Obsolete dates (48)A.6.3. Obsolete white space and comments (48)Appendix B. Differences from earlier standards (49)Appendix C. Notices (50)Full Copyright Statement (51)------------------------1. 介绍----------------------- 1.1. 讨论范围这个文档规范了互联网的消息格式（IMF），它是一种语法，针对一个在多台计算机之间传输的电子邮件消息。
Commodore 64键盘使用指南说明书
_ key will display the graphic character on the right hand side of
the front part of the key.
.. In the case of special YELLOWfunction keys, the
key will give
number keys, any text now typed will be in the alternate color available
from the key you depressed. Chapter 5 lists the text colors available
from each key.
allows you to move between the text and graphic display modes.
When the computer is first turned on, it is in the Upper Case/Graphic
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Some Notes on Mixed ModelsA mixed-effects model or simply a mixed model is a model that includes a mixture of fixed and random factors. Recall that each factor in an experiment has levels. The effects associated with a factor are the effects that the levels of the factor have on the response variable of interest.Fixed vs. RandomGenerally speaking a factor is fixed if the levels of the factor were selected by the investigator with the purpose of comparing the effects of the levels to one another. One of the major goals of the analysis is to test for differences among the effects associated with the specifically chosen levels of the factor and to describe the specific differences that exist.A factor is random if the effects associated with the levels of the factor can be viewed as being like a random sample from a population of effects. For random effects, we can make statements about variation in the population of random effects from which the effects at hand are considered to be like a random sample. Furthermore, we can generalize our conclusions about fixed factors to the populations associated with random factors. We are usually not interested in comparisons among the levels of random effects. Rather, we are interested in studying variation in the population from which the random effects are like a random sample or in controlling for that variation so that proper conclusions about fixed effects can be drawn.An interaction between or among factors is considered to be random if any one of the factors involved in the interaction is random.Crossed vs. NestedTwo factors A and B are said to be crossed if the levels of B are the same for all levels of A.Factor B is said to be nested within factor A if the levels of B are not identical for all levels of A.Specifying Terms in Mixed Models for the Analysis of Split-Plot ExperimentsMain effects for fixed factors and all possible interactions among fixed factors are typically included. A random term is included if the term represents either a blocking factor, experimental units, or observational units. Random interaction terms that do not correspond to experimental units or observational units are not included unless the interaction is of interest or expected to be large. According to the mixed model, observations that share a level of a random effect are positively correlated. The more random effect levels shared by two observations, the greater the positive correlation among those observations. It is sometimes useful to think about the expected level of correlation between observations when deciding whether to include a random interaction term in the model. Finally, it is not possible to consider an interaction between a factor and another term that involves nesting within that factor. For example, C*B(A) might be included, but A*B(A) could not be considered.Error Terms in Mixed Models for the Analysis of Split-Plot ExperimentsThe error term for testing for differences among the levels of a fixed factor will typically be the random term associated with the experimental units to which the levels of the factor were randomly assigned. The error term for testing for significant interaction will usually be the error term with the most degrees of freedom among the error terms for the factors in the interaction.An experiment was conducted to compare the characteristics of bread made from two different recipes using two different types of flour and baked at three different temperatures. Three different people, each with their own oven, participated in the experiment. Each person independently prepared (in a random order) one batch of dough for each combination of recipe and flour type. Three loaves of bread were made from each batch. The three loaves from each batch were randomly assigned to the three baking temperatures and baked independently in a random order at their assigned temperatures. After baking, each loaf was cut into 10 slices. Response variables of interest were measured for each slice.1. Provide an ANOVA table with columns labeled SOURCE and DF.2. Circle the terms that are random.3. Draw an arrow from each fixed term to the appropriate error term for testing the significance of the fixed term.4. Name the crossed factors in this experiment.5. How many random effect levels are shared by the observations from two slices of bread that come froma) the same loafb) two loaves of bread baked at the same temperature by one personc) two loaves of bread from the same batchd) two loaves of bread made with the same type of flour using the same recipe and baked at the same temperature by two different people.。