英语语法名词专题

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初中英语语法专题名词与动词

初中英语语法专题名词与动词

初中英语语法专题名词与动词初中英语语法专题名词名词一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如:Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,那么必须使用定冠词the。

如:the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,那么表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。

如:pupil, family, man,foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: bo某, child, orange;▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。

如:water, news, oil, population, information .二、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的根本方法如下:①在单数名词词尾加s。

如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.②s,o,某 ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, bo某→bo某es, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.[注]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。

如:photo→photos,pi ano→pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。

如:family→families,city→cities, party→parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。

如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2、不规那么变化:man→men, woman→women,sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→chil dren, o某→o某en, goose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。

高考英语语法名词专题讲解练习含答案

高考英语语法名词专题讲解练习含答案

可数名词的数1.单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则。

(1)以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时,常在词尾加–s ,但下列名词要加–es :黑人英雄....在回声..中吃土豆..、西红柿...,即:Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes 。

下列以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以加–es ,也可以加–s :zeros /zeroes(零),mosquitos/mosquitoes(蚊子),volcanos/volcanoes(火山)。

(2)以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时,一般去掉f 或fe 加–ves :为了自己活命....,小偷..和他的妻子..手里拿着刀子..和树叶..站在架子..上,把狼.劈成两半.,即:selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves 。

但下列以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时直接加–s :屋.顶.上的首领信仰保险箱.......,即:roofs, chiefs, beliefs, safes 。

下列以–f 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以去掉f 加–ves ,也可以直接加–s :handkerchiefs /handkerchieves(手帕),scarfs/scarves(围巾)。

(3)合成名词变成复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数,如果没有主体名词,则将最后一部分变为复数。

如:sons–in–law(女婿), passers–by(过路人), story–tellers(讲故事的人), breakfasts(早餐), housewives(家庭主妇)。

2.常见单复数同形的名词。

如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, fruit, cattle, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works(工厂)等。

英语语法名词题库及答案

英语语法名词题库及答案

(一)名词1.To the sea captain’s surprise,he found that travel could also be quite pieasant.A.earth B.1and C.ground D.plain2.Some famous singers live on the from their record sales.A.salary B.value C.bill D.income3.Many countries are increasing their use of nature gas,wind and other forms of .A.energy B.source C.power D.material4.You can take as many as you like because they are free of .A.fare B.charge C.money D.pay5.George always wants things done quickly.He’s got to .A.idea B.means C.patience D.decision6.Do you know the of the saying I just quoted?A.source B.resource C.course D.cause7.—Why did you refuse to move in the house?—Because it was really in a poor and dirty .A.form B.kind C.shape D.state8.His name was on the of my tongue,but I just couldn’t remember it.A.end B.edge C.tip D.side9.You shouldn’t let children play with.It’s dangerous!A.football B.watches C.matches D.chess10.We’ll have PE this afternoon but I forgot to bring my .A.sports clothes B.sport clothes C.clothes of sports D.sport’s clothes 11.Dark clouds are a of rain while a smile is a of friendshipA.gesture;sign B.mark;sign C.sign;gesture D.sign;mark 12.—Is the house very expensive,Dick?—I don’t think it’s worth the they are asking.A.price B.cost C.value D.money 13.These days I hire two in my house.A.man servants B.men servant C.man servant D.men servants 14.The editor to1d the newsman to write report.A.a two-thousand-words B.a two-thousands-wordsC.a two thousand Word D.a two-thousand-word15.The brook lies within of the train station.A.ten-minute-ride B.ten minutes rideC.ten minute’s ride D.ten minutes’ride16.Though I spoke to him many times,he never took any of what I said.A.remark B.observation C.attention D.notice17.came that his should be kept secret.A.A word;words B.The word;word C.Word:words D.Words;Word 18.We’ve missed the last bus.I’m aftaid we have no but to take a taxi.A.way B.choice C.possibility D.selection 19.—How was your recent Visit to Qingdao?—It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the days at the seaside.A.few 1ast sunny B.1ast few sunny C.few sunny list D.1ast sunny few 20.We climbed higher up the mountain so that We could get a better .A.view B.idea C.point D.opinion21.We have worked out a plan.But I’m not sure whether it will do in .A.fact B.practice C.deed D.time22.—I’ve got an“A”in the examination.——T11at’s a good .You’ll surely win a sec-ond.A.result B.start C.news D.idea23.The makes me feel sick.A.sign B.sight C.scene D.look24.— What a pleasant these trees give us!——Why not stop here and have a rest in it?A.shade B.shadow C.peace D.scene25.They can never make good nurses,not having the necessary .A.practice B.education C.exercise D.training26.Mr Tong couldn’t keep pace with the others as theymarched along.He often stood out of .A.order B.sight C.mind D.line27.I’m afraid that there is no for you in my car,because there are already five people.A.place B.room C.need D.position28.it is to go swimming on sueh a hot day!A.What fun B.How fun C.What a fun D.How a fun 29.—Heavy trucks which run day and night are doing damage to our houses and shops of historicalA.scene B.period C.interest D.sense30.The dress is nic e but she doesn’t like the on the material.A.sharp B.size C.model D.pattern31.It is foolish to go to the of taking music lessons if you never practice.A.expense B.sense C.pay D.money32.For twenty years Gandhi p1ayed an important in working for equal rights fbr Indians.A.action B.ro1e C.figure D.position33.Last night the president made a speech on TV to the .A.countryB.stateC.1andD.nation34.The old house belongs to .A.Jac k’s and his brother B.Jack’s and his brother’sC.Jack and his brot her’s D.Jack and his brother35.will make a trip to China during the summer holidays.A.The Evens B.The Even’s C.The Evenses D.The Evenses' 36.I’d lik e you to meet David’a cowboy.A.dark,handsome and tall B.tall,handsome and darkC.dark,tall and handsome D.tall,dark and handsome37.The young student is as a writer.It’s to all his teachers.A.success;surprise B.a success;sorpriseC.success;a surprise D.a success;a surprise38.My mother’s is getting grey,but my father has only a few grey .A.hairs;hair B.hair:hair C.hair;hairs D.hair:hairs39. unicle is going to pick them up at the airport this afternoon.A.Jac k’s and Joan’s B.Jack’s and JoanC.Jack and Joan’s D.Jack and Joan40.Many old houses are being pulled down to make for the apartment buildings.A.room B.ground C.space D.area41.Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are say ing hould make any .A.excuse B.sense C.use D.value(一)名词1-5 BDABC 6-10 ADCCA 11-15 CADDD 16-20 DCBBA 21-25 BABAD 26-30 DBAC 31-35 ABDDC 36-40 DDCCA 41 B1. The manager has got a good business________so the company is doing well.A.ideaB.senseC.thoughtD.thinking2. The collapse of the World Trade Centre has put US economy in a difficult________.A.occasionB.caseC.situationD.background3. More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great ________ of goods.A.varietyB.mixtureC.extensionbination4.It won’t make much ________ whether you agree or not.A.difficultyB.troubleC.differenceD.matter5.If by chance someone comes to see me, ask him to leave a ________.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice6.No one has yet succeeded in explaining the ________ of how life began.A.causeB.problemC.reasonD.puzzle 金太阳新课标资源网7.You must get there within an hour.There should be no ________ in sending this information to him.A.questionB.problemC.quarrelD.delay8.I can’t give you the card without Smith’s ________.A.agreementB.allowingC.permissionD.perfomance9.What impressed me most was that they never lost ________.A.heartsB.heartC.their heartD.their hearts10.—Where is the new dictionary?—It’s on the top shelf,out of ________.A.reachB.sightC.touchD.order11.Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any ________ of what I said.A.remarkB.observationC.attentionD.notice12.—Where’s your sister?—At ________. 金太阳新课标资源网A.the Smith’sB.doctor’sC.Mr.Green’sD.house of Mr.Green13.Have a ________ of these apples.They are sweet and delicious.A.lookB.tasteC.smellD.appear14.Each man explained the pains that he had felt and they agreed that they had grown worse on their ________A.roadB.streetC.wayD.direction15.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ________.A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material16.I went to buy a ________ of China Daily.A.pieceB.sheetC.lotD.copy17.Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________.A.intentionB.purposeC.attemptD.desire18.This is not a match.We’re playing chess just for ________.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game 金太阳新课标资源网19.There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question.A.meansB.directionsC.viewsD.ways20.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ________.A.factB.realityC.practiceD.deed21.She is young for the job, but on the other ________,she is well trained.A.wayB.situationC.chanceD.hand22.We’ve missed the last bus.I’m afraid we have no ________ but to take a taxi.A.selectionB.choiceC.possibilityD.way23.The football players had no strict ________ until they joined our club.A.practicecationC.exerciseD.training24.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little ________.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest25.The most important________ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.A.pointB.senseC.spotD.view 金太阳新课标资源网26.—I’d like ________ information about the m anagement of your hotel, please.—Well, you could have ________ word with the manager.He might be helpful.A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a27.He told me he had been offered a very well-paid ________.A.businessB.serviceC.workD.position28.Each player must obey ________, who is the leader of the team.A.captainB.a captainC.the captainD.captains29.It was ________ that he had to ask for help.A.such big a workB.a so big jobC.a so big workD.such a big job30.He dropped the ________ and broke it.A.cup of coffeeB.coffee’s cupC.cup for coffeeD.coffee cup31.He gained his ________by printing ________ of famous writers.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works32.The policeman is offering a ________ to anyone who can give information about the lost children.A.prizeB.rewardC.priceD.money33.What ________! Where did you get them?A.big fishB.a big fishC.a piece of big fishD.big a fish34.Here’s my card.Let’s keep in ________.A.touchB.relationC.connectionD.friendship35.He left ________ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.He said he would keep ________.A.words;his wordsB.word;his wordC.word;wordD.the word;his words36.You’ll find this m ap of great ________ in helping you to get round London.A.priceB.costC.valueefulness 金太阳新课标资源网37.Father went to his doctor for ________ about his ________ trouble.A.advice;heartB.advices;heartsC.advices;heartD.advice;hearts38.We held a party in ________ of our Australian teacher, Meggi.A.prizeB.honorC.praiseD.pride39.—How can I use this washing machine?—Well, just refer to the ________.A.directionsB.explanationsC.expressionsD.introductions40.When I give up work I shall take a long sea ________.A. tripB. voyageC. travelD. journey41.The new law will come into ________ on the day it is passed.A.effecteC.serviceD.existence42.Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful ________ through the window.A.sceneB.lookC.viewD.picture43.Everybody thinks little of the film.In fact, there is no ________ of it being tried out in the film festival. 金太阳新课标资源网A.possibilityB.signeD.doubt44.—Tom,will you boys play soldiers outside?There’s not enough ________ for you boys here.—But we can play in the next ________,can’t we?A.places;placeB.room;roomC.rooms;spaceD.house;rooms45.The doctor didn’t tell me how many ________ I should pay for having my tooth pulled out.A.moneyB.dollarsC.priceD.cost46.—Is this bridge made of ________?—Yes, it is made of 2300 huge ________.A.stone;stoneB.stones;stonesC.stone;stonesD.stones;stone47.He stays at home every day without a job, but he gets good ________.A.salaryB.wageC.payD.income48.—Mum, I’m going to visit my aunt.What about a week?—A week is too long.Try to be back in a ________ of days.A.numberB.dozenC.fewD.couple49.As a writer,he succeeded in calling________to many of the terrible wrongs that existed at that time.A.attentionB.interestC.noticeD.strength50.If you don’t take away all your things from the desk,there won’t be enough ________ for my dictionary. 金太阳新课标资源网A.areaB.placeC.spaceD.surface51.Mrs.Green tried hard to find a job but she had no ________.A.luckB.timeC.hopeD.chance52.His daughter is always shy in ________ and she never dares to make a speech to ________.A.the public;the publicB.public;the publicC.the public;publicD.public;public53.I should like to try that coat on,for I don’t know if it is my ________.A.shapeB.modelC.designD.size54.The need for an operation,especially an immediate operation,almost always comes as a ________ to the patient and his family.A.surpriseB.happinessC.disappointmentD.shock55.Fast-food restaurants are ________ to us all.A.of many helpsB.a great helpC.great helpsD.much help56.It is tr ue that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s ________.A.honourB.trustC.respectD.money57.These young people are now making an active ________ to beautify (美化) our city.A.partB.effortC.decisionD.plan58.This plan has its weak point,that is to say,it has its ________,but on the whole we are satisfied with it.A.questionB.shortcomingC.conditionD.progress59.—What you like may not be what I like.—Yes,one man’s meal is another man’s ________.A.poisonB.medicineC.mealD.food60.He said that two ________ would come to our school the next day.A.woman scientistB.women scientistC.woman scientistsD.women scientists【答案】1~5 BCACA6~10 ADCBA 金太阳新课标资源网11~15 DCBCA 16~20 DCCDC21~25 DBDCA 26~30 ADCDD31~35 DBAAB 36~40 CABAC41~45 ACABB 46~50 CDDAC51~55 ABDDB 56~60 CBBAD【部分解析】1.a good business sense 是“(有)经济头脑”的意思。

中考英语语法专题之名词(含练习及答案)

中考英语语法专题之名词(含练习及答案)

5. Your mother cooks nice __________. I like it very much.A. breadB. beefsC. eggsD. dumplings6.-How can I get some ______ about the 2016 Olympic Games? -Why not search the Internet?A. informationB. experienceC. practiceD. success7.______ about the sports meeting make us excited.A. NewsB. InformationC. MessagesD. Advice8.The Belt and Road initiative(一带一路倡议) will help China improve ______ with lots of countries.A. relationshipB. agreementC. environmentD. progress3.名词的所有格: 在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,常在词尾加's 表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。

翻译成:"的"。

如:Tom's bike (汤姆的单车)。

名词的所有格例词、例句①直接在词尾加's Kate's bag, Children's Day, Women's Day②以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加' Teachers' Day, students' books③表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加's Lucy and Lily's mother (共同的妈妈)④表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加's Tom's and Jim's rooms (各自的房间)⑤表某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略at the doctor's(在医务室); at Tom's (在汤姆的家)⑥表示无生命名词的所有格,用of 表达the door of the room, the color of the clothes⑦双重所有格:用's所有格/名词性物主代词与of 所有格相结合。

英语名词语法专题

英语名词语法专题

a poem(一首诗 ) a machine(一台机器 ) a job(一件工作 ) a laugh(一个笑声 ) a permit(许可证 ) a garment (一件衣裳 ) a bag(case) (一件行李 ) a loaf (一只面包 ) a hair(一根头发 )
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poetry(诗歌总称 ) machinery(机器总称 ) work(工作 ) laughter(笑声 ) permission(允许 ) clothing(衣裳总称 ) luggage, baggage(行李 ) bread(面包 ) hair( 头发)
a youth (年青人 )
power ( 力量 )
a power ( 大国 )
beauty ( 美 )
a beauty ( 美人,美的东西 )
pleasure( 愉快 ) 2021/5/27
relation(关系)
a pleasure( 使人感到愉快的事 )
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a relation(亲戚)
英语中有许多对词,一个可数,一个不可数。
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3. Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的物质。
Eg: beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil
一般来说,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式。但有一些 特殊情况:
1) 有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”、“一杯”、
Eg: Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Year’s Day
注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写
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超实用高考英语复习语法专题:名词冠词

超实用高考英语复习语法专题:名词冠词

4
的单词主要有:means; works;series;species。单复 数同单数形式的单词主要有:Chinese, Japanese, aircraft,sheep,deer,swine,fish等。
11. people表示“人”时,单复数同单数形式; 表示“民族”时,复数须加s;fish单复数同单数形 式,复数形式fishes表示“各种各样的鱼”。
3
【点拨】 可 数 名 词 : book; experience; help; class;
success; difficulty; interest; month; failure; fish; people
不可数名词: steel; air; materialism; experience; help; success; difficulty; luck; interest; failure; fish; information; furniture; amusement
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【点拨】 1. A A.党员; B. 党的号召。在“党员”中,名词 定语表示members的性质;在“党的号召”中,Party 具有动作发出者的作用,calls虽然是名词,却具有动 作的含义。 2. A A.请不要把狗粮放在桌子下面。B. 狗粮和人 的食品一样贵。前句 dog's food,特指给某一条狗食 用的。后者指类别,即供狗食用的食品,并非只给某 条狗食用。
3. Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 【答案】 Facts;words
1
4. It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
【答案】 quarrel
1
表示人或事物(事件/行为)名称的词是名词。

初中英语语法知识—名词的专项训练及答案

初中英语语法知识—名词的专项训练及答案

初中英语语法知识—名词的专项训练及答案一、初中英语名词选择题1.—When is ________ birthday?—Her birthday is on October 5th.A.your brother’s B.your C.your sister’s D.yours【答案】C2.—Where’s my key, Dad?—I think it’s in your ________ room.A.grandparents B.grandparent C.grandparents’【答案】C3.Mrs. Bond is an old friend of ________.A.Jack mother B.Jack mother’s C.Jack’s mother D.Jack’s mother’s 【答案】D4.There are still ________ in the kitchen. We don’t have to buy more drinks. A.orange juice B.tomatoes C.cola D.bottles of cola 【答案】D5.It is over ________from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.A.three hours’ drive B.three hour’s drive C.three hours’ drives D.three hour drive【答案】A6.I've read ________ sports news about the Fl race today.A.two B.pieces C.two pieces D.two pieces of 【答案】D7.At weekends, ________ teachers like going to ________.A.woman; shoe shops B.women; vegetables shops C.woman; sport shops D.women; clothes shops【答案】D8.Mr. Green is ________ father.A.Jim and Kate B.Jim and Kate’s C.Jim’s and Kate D.Jim’s and Kate’s 【答案】B9.Bill had to finish school by himself, with no ________ from his family. A.safety B.leader C.support D.praise【答案】C10.I’m ________ Sunshine Football Team.A.the member B.the member of C.a member of D.a member【答案】C11.Most of the students in the class are ________.A.fourteen-year-old B.fourteen year old C.fourteen years old’s D.fourteen-year-olds【答案】D12.There are four________ and two________ at the________.A.Johns; Marys; doctors B.Johns; Marys; doctor’s C.John’s; Mary’s; doctor’s D.John; Mary; d octor’s【答案】B13.The woman in a hat is ________ aunt.A.Jack and John B.Jack’s and John C.Jack and John’s D.Jack’s and John’s 【答案】C14.No one should enter the spot without the ________ of the police.A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 【答案】B15.This is ________ apple. Those are ________.A.a; banana B.an; banana C.an; bananas【答案】C16.—How much are the ________?—They are 80 ________.A.shoes; dollar B.pair of shoes; yuan C.shoes; yuanD.pair of shoes; dollars【答案】C17.I like some ________ and ________ for breakfast.A.bread; apple B.egg; apples C.eggs; apple D.bread; apples 【答案】D18.Look! There are many ________ on the hill.A.monkeys B.horse C.cow【答案】A19.There are four ________ and two ________ in the group. A.Japanese; Germen B.Japaneses; Germen C.Japanese; Germans D.Japaneses; Germans【答案】C20.—Who are the women?—They are _________ mothers.A.Jim and Tom B.Jim’s and Tom’sC.Jim’s and Tom D.Jim and Tom’s【答案】B21.Our PE teacher ________ tall and he ________ of medium build. A.has; has B.has; is C.is; has D.is; is【答案】D22.—How many ________ do we need?—Three.A.sugar B.bananas C.honey D.cheese【答案】B23.We all know that Women’s Day is in ________.A.February B.March C.June D.July【答案】B24.—I think your radio is in your ________ room.—Yes, it’s in their room. I put it there yesterday.A.parent’s B.parents’C.parent【答案】B25.My cousin is in ________.A.class 1, grade 7 B.grade 7, class 1 C.Class 1, Grade 7 D.Grade 7, Class 1 【答案】C26.As________ honest girl, Lucy has told us the________ .A.a; truth B.an; true C.an; truth【答案】C27.________ mother is a teacher in a junior high school.A.Lucy and Lily B.Lucy and Lily’s C.Lucy’s and Lily’s D.Lucy’s and Lily 【答案】B28.I’m very thirsty(口渴的). Can I have ________?A.two cup of oranges B.two cups of orangesC.two cup of orange D.two cups of orange【答案】D29.I want to improve my reading skill. Can you give me some _______? A.advices B.advice C.advise D.advises【答案】B30.Tan’s new work was a great ________, and he is a ________ composer. A.success ; successful B.successful ; successful C.success ; success D.successful ; success【答案】A31.—Frank is a creative boy. He had great ________ in yesterday’s speechcompetition.—He is also smart and hard-working.A.success B.succeed C.successful D.successes 【答案】A32.—Who’s the woman in a black hat?—She’s ________ mother.A.Tom and Jim B.Tom’s and JimC.Tom’s and Jim’s D.Tom and Jim’s【答案】D33.She ________ her cat last week. She was sad for the ________ of the cat. A.lose; loss B.lost; losingC.lost; loss D.lost; lost【答案】C34.Don’t be afraid to ask for some ________ about ordering the meal. A.suggestion B.method C.opinion D.advice【答案】D35.There is (有) much ________ in the plate (盘子).A.banana B.apple C.pears D.chicken【答案】D36.Confucius was a great ________. His ________ are spread all over the world. A.think; thoughts B.thought; thinkers C.thinker; think D.thinker; thoughts【答案】D37.There is no more ________ in that ________ for so many people. A.room; rooms B.rooms; room C.room; room D.rooms; rooms 【答案】C38.Tomorrow is ________. Let’s buy some gifts(礼物) for our teachers. A.Teacher’s Day B.teacher’s day C.Teachers’ Day【答案】C39.Here is a photo ________ my family.A.for B.in C.of D.at【答案】C40.The month before April is ________.A.May B.March C.June D.July【答案】B41.The baby elephant’s ________ is about 100 kilos, but an adult elephant may ________ about 5,000 kilos.A.weight; weigh B.weight; weight C.weigh; weigh D.weigh; weight 【答案】A42.The police _______ looking for the little boy.A.be B.am C.is D.are【答案】D43.—Did you have a great time on the farm yesterday?—Yes, we saw many beautiful flowers and lots of ________ and ________. A.pigs; chicken B.sheep; chickens C.fishes; chicken D.duck; chickens 【答案】B44.—What’s th e matter?—I have a ________. I have to go to the doctor.A.trouble B.knee C.cold D.kilo【答案】C45.—What language are spoken in ________?—Most people speak ________, but many ________ can speak English. A.Germany; German; Germans B.German; Germany; Germen C.German; Germans; Germany【答案】A46.I’m Ken Smith. This is my son, ________.A.Mark Smith B.Ken Wilson C.Mary Smith【答案】A47.________ is used to make ________.A.Glasses; glass B.Glass; glass C.Glasses; glasses D.Glass; glasses 【答案】D48.There is a picture ________ my family on the wall.A.of B.up C.after D.to【答案】A49.________ mothers can’t come to the meeting because they have gone to Dalian. A.Sally’s and Jane B.Sally and Jane’s C.Sally’s and Jane’s D.Sally and Jane 【答案】C50.This is room. It’s very tidy.A.Lily and Lucy B.Lily’s and LucyC.Lily’s and Lucy’s D.Lily and Lucy’s【答案】D。

中考英语语法专题复习:名词(共19张PPT)

中考英语语法专题复习:名词(共19张PPT)

15 —Who did you spend last weekend with? —________. A. Palmer’s B. The Palmers’ C. The Palmers D. The Palmer’s
中考英语语法: 名词备考知识点
考点分析
1、名词辨析:
名词辨析的考查角度以语境类辨析和近义词 辨析为主,少量涉及词性辨析、常识辨析及固 定搭配。
2、名词单复数:
名词单复数考查数量较少,包括规则变形和不 规则变形两种。
3、名词所有格:
名词所有格考查数量较少,包括两者共有的所 有格,时间名词所有格,数量词所有格的用法。
C. A large number of D. Quite a few
7. –– Let’s try operating the machine right now.
––Wait. Better read the _____first.
A. instructions B. explanations
有一些事不规则变化,需改变单数名词中的元音 字母如:man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth
还有单复数形式相同的情况,读音不变,如: fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deer ChineseChinese Japanese-Japanese
2.近义词辨析
对近义名词有考查,如message口 信,information信息。
message为可数名词,指口信,常用词组: leave或take a message; information指消息、 信息、资料。
常见近义词组(学生可以根据以下词条进行归 纳记忆)。 1. advice与suggestion 2. problem与question 3. house, home, family与room 4. idea, thought与opinion 5. job与work 6. voice, noise与sound 7. message, news与information
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一、名词的分类二、名词的性1.在英语中,大多数名词没有性的区别,只有一个共同的形式。

部分名词具有性别差异,存在阴性和阳性两种不同的形式。

2.在具有性别差异的名词中,有些名词在词尾直接加“-ess”即可构成阴性名词(多数);有些名词在词尾直接加“-ette”即可构成阴性名词(少数);有些名词以“-ter”或“-tor”结尾,须将结尾改为“-tress”以构成阴性名词;有些名词以“-rer”或“-ror”结尾,须将结尾改为“-ress”以构成阴性名词;有些名词以“-der”结尾,须将结尾改为“-dress”以构成阴性名词。

(①“-ter”/“-tor”→“-tress”;②“-rer”/“-ror”→“-ress”;③“-der”→“-dress”。

注:少数情况下存在例外)3.在现代英语中,对于无性别区分的名词,一般可通过在该词前加he/she, male/female,man/woman, boy/girl, lord/lady, dog/bitch, bull/cow, jack/jenny, tom/tally, cock/hen, duck/doe, billy/nanny, father/mother, son/daughter 等词来区分性别。

(强调尊敬时,可用lady 表示女性,但只能用单数形式。

)4.某些外来语中的名词在变为阴性名词时,须接固定的后缀。

(Ref.P324<7>)5.惯用阳性的名词和惯用阴性的名词:1)阳性词:general, lawyer, fellow, lover, soldier, sailor 等2)阴性词:nurse, typist, dressmaker, housekeeper 等3)拟人化的阳性词:Time, Mountain, Wind, War, the Ocean, Storm, Thunder, Sleep,Winter, Summer, Autumn, Despair, Fear 等(代词用he)4)拟人化的阴性词:Moon, Spring, Night, Nature, Peace, Hope, Virtue, Truth, theEarth, Liberty, Justice, Fame, Victory, Faith, Humility, Pride, Mercy, Art, Science, Soul 等(代词用she)5)通常情况下,船、火车、国家、都市均视为阴性名词。

6.man 可以包括woman,统指一切人,代词用he/his。

三、名词的数1.专有名词的复数形式1)有些专有名词变为复数时,仅在词尾加“-s”即可。

Kansas City →Kansas CitysMayor Brown →Mayor Brownsthe two Mr. Smiths, Lord Mayors, Queen Elizabeths(例外:Rockey →Rockies, Sicily →Sicilies)2)以下专有名词的复数有两种形式:Charles →Charles’→CharlesesMary →Marys →MariesJanuary →Januarys →JanuariesFebruary →Februarys →Februries3)专有名词表示同一人名、同一头衔时,可有两种复数形式:Mr. Smith →the Messrs. Smith →the Mr. SmithsMiss Alice →Misses Alice →Miss AlicesLady Brown →the Ladies Brown →the Lady BrownsDoctor Anderson →the Doctors Anderson →the Doctor AndersonsJohn S. Black, Jr →the John S. Blacks, Jr →the John S. Black, Jrs4)专有名词表示不同人名、相同头衔时,只有一种复数形式:Dr. Smith and Anderson →Drs. Smith and AndersonProfessor Black and Brown →Professors Black and Brown5)专有名词表示相同人名、不同头衔时,只有一种复数形式:Mr., Mrs. and Misses Huntington2.规则名词的复数形式1)“-s”类:大多数名词的复数形式是在单数名词的词尾加“-s”。

2)“-es”类:以o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词,在词尾加“-es”。

有关例外情况,分述如下:①如果词尾的ch 发[k] 音,则在词尾加“-s”;②对于以字母o 结尾的外来词或缩写词,则在词尾加“-s”。

(若o 前为元音字母,亦如此)③有些名词在词尾加“-s”或“-es”均可构成复数形式。

(Ref.P325<红框部分>)④有些名词的复数形式有两种。

(如:buffo/buffos/buffi, cello/cellos/celli,solo/solos/soli 等)3)“y”类:①以辅音字母+“y”结尾的名词,须变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。

(例外:dry/drys,stand-by/stand-bys 等)②以元音字母+“y”结尾的名词,在词尾加“-s”。

③当词尾为“quy”时,须变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。

4)“f”或“fe”类:①在英语中共有14 个名词以“f”/“fe”结尾,它们的复数形式是去掉“f”或“fe”再加“ves”。

它们是calf, half, knife, leaf, life, loaf, self, sheaf, shelf, thief,wife, wolf, elf, housewife。

②以下名词在变为复数形式时,既可在词尾直接加“-s”,又可去掉“f”再加“ves”,但两种形式对应的含义往往会有所不同。

它们是:scarf, wharf, staff,dwarf, handkerchief, hoof。

③其它以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词变为复数时,一般加“-s”,常见的有:chief,cliff, grief, turf, belief, reef, gulf, brief, mischief, proof, cuff, fife, roof, safe, strife,sheriff, tariff 等5)“4’s”类:字母、数字、单词、符号被视为“字”时,常加“’s”构成复数。

3.不规则名词的复数形式1)以下名词以改变元音的方式变为复数(有些辅音也有变化):ox →oxen, foot →feet, mouse →mice, goose →geese, child →children, louse →lice, alderman →aldermen, dormouse →doemice, tooth →teeth(注:①当foot 表示infantry,horse 表示cavalry,sail 表示ship 时,其本身即具有复数意义,同时形式保持不变。

②foot →foots = dregs <沉淀物、渣滓>,goose →gooses = iron <弯把熨斗>)2)有些名词单复数形式相同。

(Ref.P327<⑴>)(注:chassis, patios, corps, rendezvous, chamois, faux pas均为法语词,作单数时s不发音,作复数时s读[z])3)以下名词形式上为复数,但含义上既可表示单数,也可表示复数。

(Ref.P(327-328)<①>)4)直接从汉语音译的名词一般无复数,但要用斜体。

5)某些外来词在构成复数时,保留了原语种中的复数形式。

(Ref.P328<3)>)6)少数外来词有两种复数形式,原有的复数形式多为科学用语,英语中的复数形式则多为一般用语或用于口语。

(Ref.P329<4)>)7)有少数名词具有两种复数形式,它们常具有各自不同的含义,或其中一种复数形式的含义比另一种更多。

(Ref.P330<5)>)4.只有单数形式的名词1)有生命集体名词(谓语动词多用复数,偶用单数)等整数修饰。

)(Ref.P330<1)>)2)无生命集体名词(有些是物质名词,包括气体名词、液体名词、药品名词等)均是可数名词,而sauce, juice, liquor均可作可数名词或不可数名词)(Ref.P331<2)>)3)抽象名词many修饰,后面不可加“-s”,谓语动词用单数)(Ref.P331<3)>)有关补充,分述如下:①以下名词形式上为复数,但谓语动词一般用单数:economics, statistics, physics, mathematics, civics, mechanics, genetics, mumps,diabetes, pediatrics, obstetrics, tennis, molasses等;②有些抽象名词可作集体名词,表示这类名词的具体特点或所指之人:youth(青春/青年们),age(年老/老年人),society(交际/社会),audience(接见/观众),nobility(高贵/贵族),community(共有/公众),painting(绘画学/绘画),priesthood(祭司职位/祭司)(Ref.P332<②>)5.只有复数形式的名词1)表示由两个相同部分组成的名词(Ref.P332<1)>)2)一些词尾为“-ing”的名词(Ref.P332<2)>)3)常以复数形式出现的名词(Ref.P332<3)>)4)某些固定说法中的常用复数形式(Ref.P333<红框部分>)6.复数形式具有特殊含义的名词(Ref.P334<5>)(注:部分上述名词的复数形式既有特殊含义,又保留了原有含义;另外,有些名词的单数形式的含义比复数形式多)(Ref.P335<Note>)7.既可用作可数又可用作不可数的名词1)兼类名词(作不可数名词时,表示抽象概念或物质;作可数名词时,表示具体的事物)(Ref.P336<1)>)2)表示抽象概念或不同种类的名词(Ref.P338<2) & 3)>)3)复数比单数形式含义更加广泛的名词(Ref.P338<4)>)4)几组名词辨析:(Ref.P(338-339)<5) & 6) & 7)>)①many fruits & much fruit;②fish & fishes;③cloth & clothes8.名词数的概念的兼容性1)可数名词可表示抽象概念2)复数名词可表示单数概念3)物质名词可表示单数概念,或用作可数名词4)抽象名词具体化:①抽象名词表示单数概念a)表示运动、状况、性质等的抽象名词,可用来指“一种、一次、一番、一场”等具体概念b)表示某种具体的事物或有形的实体c)有些具有动作意义的抽象名词可表示某种过程,或某个短暂的动作②抽象名词表示复数概念a)表示具体的行为、事件、现象或状况b)表示“很多、很多种”等含义5)专有名词有时可有复数形式,表示“像…一样的人”或“几个姓…的人、几个叫…的人”。

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