汽车工程专业英语_全文翻译

合集下载

“汽车工程专业英语”全文译文

“汽车工程专业英语”全文译文

第一章汽车基础⏹当今的汽车一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。

这些零部件主要分为四类:车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。

⏹Body:车身⏹Engine:发动机⏹Brakes:制动器⏹Power train:传动系⏹Steering:转向系⏹Electrical:电器及电子设备⏹Suspension:悬架⏹Layout of a passenger car:乘用车总布置⏹Layout of a commercial vehicle:商用车总布置⏹ 1.1 车身⏹汽车车身是由车窗、车门、发动机罩和行李箱盖焊接在金属板外壳内而成。

金属板外壳将发动机、乘客和货物覆盖以提供保护。

车身的设计要保证乘客安全舒适。

车身的款式使得汽车看起来漂亮迷人、色彩斑斓、时尚前卫。

⏹私家轿车有一个封装起来的车身,4个大车门允许乘客进出车厢。

这个设计也可放置行李或其他货物。

私家轿车也可以称为拥有固定车顶的传统车辆。

有许多类似车身设计的活顶式车除了拥有两个车门,其他的设计和敞篷车大致一样。

⏹皮卡或载重汽车。

通常它们有比轿车大的底盘和悬架来支撑重物质量。

⏹轻型运载货车基于轿车的设计并改装以便腾出最大限度的空间来装载货物。

⏹商用运载货物车辆的车身是专用设计的。

如罐车运载液体,自卸车搬运泥土或大批谷物,平板车和货车通常用来运载普通货物。

⏹公交车或长途汽车通常是4轮固定模式的车辆,但会用到大量的车轮和轮轴。

有时,铰接式公交车是为了增加容量。

公交车和货车可以做成单层或双层的。

长途汽车常用于长距离运载,且费用比较昂贵,因此市区里就会用到公交车,如市郊间上下班时用于交通运输。

⏹ 1.2 发动机⏹发动机作为动力装置。

最常见的内燃机通过燃烧发动机气缸里的液体燃料而获得能量。

内燃机有两种类型:汽油机(又称为点燃式发动机)和柴油机(又称为压燃式发动机)。

两种类型均称为热力发动机。

燃烧燃料产生的热量使汽缸里气体的气压增加并提供能量通过传动轴连接到传动系统。

汽车专业英语全书翻译

汽车专业英语全书翻译

1.These parts can be grouped into four major categories; body, engine, chassis and electrical system.2.The internal combustion engine is most common; this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder.3.The chassis includes the power train, steering, suspension, and braking systems.4. A power train can include a clutch for manual transmission or a torque converter for automatic transmission, a transmission, a drive shaft, final driveand differential gears and driving axles.5.Basic types are: leaf springs, coil springs and torsion bars.6. A basic ignition system consists of the battery, low-lension cables, the ignition coil, distributor, coil high-tension cable, spark plug cables and sparkplugs.7.The operating strokes are: induction stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, exhaust stroke.8.The major parts of engine are engine block, engine heads, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and valves.9.These systems are the fuel system, intake system, ignition system, cooling system, lubrication system and exhaust system.10.The dry clutch mechanism includes three basic parts: driving member, driven member and operating members.11.The spur gears are mounted on four shafts: primary shaft (input shaft), layshaft (countershaft), mainshaft, and reverse idler shaft.12.The three types of braking systems are in use today: service braking system, parking braking system and additional retarding-braking system.13.It has five basic parts: the receiver, expansion valve, evaporator, compressor, and condenser.14.The three normally adjustable angles are caster, camber, and toe.段落一.Elements of the Power TrainThe elements of the power train must meet the following requirements;1)enable driving away,2)convert torque and speed,3)enable different directions of rotation for driving forward and backward,4)transmit tractive and pushing forces,5)permit different rotational speeds of the drive wheels when cornering,6)guarantee optimum operation of the engine (or electric motor ) in terms of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.Standstill, driving-away and power interruption are made possible by operation the clutch .During driving away, the clutch slips and bridges the difference in rotational speed between engine and power train. When different operating conditions call for a shift of gear, the clutch separates the power train during shifting.Engine torque and engine speed are converted in the transmission in accordance with the tractive-power demand of the vehicle. The transmission design is influenced by the position of the engine and driven axle. Overall conversion takes place usually in a manually shifted transmission with variable transmission ratios and in a final drive with a constant transmission ratio. Nowadays, positive-locking transmissions with toothed gears as the most important elements are of even greater significance than non-positive friction-type transmissions.Two types of toothed-gear transmission are predominant: spur-gear transmissions of the countershaft type as manually shifted transmissions, and planetary-gear transmissions as power-shift transmissions. In addition, transmissions permit the different directions of rotation required for driving forward and backward.Final drive turns the drive through 90°and reduces the speed of the drive by a set amount to the vehicle.The differential provides for the equalization of the different axle and wheel speeds when cornering and for uniform distribution of the drive torque.二.The Hydrodynamic Coupling1. Hydrodynamic CouplingConventionally, the hydrodynamic coupling, also known as the Fötttinger coupling, has an impeller and a turbine wheel with vanes that usually extend in the radial direction. The impeller is often expanded to form a housing which surrounds the turbine. Since, due to the absence of an inner ring, there is no possibility of diverting the oil flow, the turbine torque is equal to the pump torque;公式Therefore 公式The index number depends on the design, the vane angle and the degree of filling of the coupling. The main working area of an hydrodynamic coupling is at v=0.9.2. Hydrodynamic ConverterThe hydrodynamic converter, also known as the Trilok or Fötttinger converter, is capable of operating in two phases: with torque increase in the first phase, and as a hydrodynamic coupling in the second phase. The usual design has three impellers:1) The pump, which is connected to the engine, acts like a centrifugal pump to produce the flow energy of a fluid.2) The turbine, which is connected to the transmission input, converts the flow energy back into mechanical energy.3) The reactor between turbine and pump diverts the flow of the fluid.Thus, the torque output is higher than the pump torque input from the engine. The torque increaseμμ=Mt/Mp is all the higher, the greater the speed difference (slip)between the pump and turbine. Withυ=0, i.e. with the turbine braked to a standstill (stall point, drive-away point), torque conversion reaches its maximum value and falls virtually linearly with rising turbine speed to a torque ratio of 1:1 at the coupling point. Above the coupling point, the reactor, which is supported on the housing by a one-way clutch, runs, torque-free, in the flow. Thus, the converter is now a clutch without torque conversion.For automobiles, the vane geometries are such that, at the drive-away point, the maximum torque increase μA is between 2 and 2.5. The hydraulic efficiencyηhydr=υμis similar in the conversion range to the speed ratioμand reaches values around 97% at high speed.Fluid couplings form the input element of automatic transmissions (in conjunction with planetary-gear trains, clutches, brakes and one-way clutches) and also of manually shifted transmissions in the form converter and clutch unit.三.Constant-mesh TransmissionFig.3-6 illustrates the flow of torque through a typical constant-mesh transmission. This type uses helical or double helical gears which are always in mesh. The mainshaft gear wheels are mounted on bearings and when a gear is required the mainshaft gear is locked to the shaft by a dog clutch.Although the mechanical efficiency is lower the helical gears are quieter and any damage resulting from a bad gear change occurs to the dog teeth instead of the actual gear teeth.元素的力量训练动力传动的要素必须符合下列要求;1)使开车逃走,2)把转矩和速度,3)使不同方向的旋转带动向前和向后,四)推进传送叶轮力量,5)允许不同转速时的驱动轮转弯时,六)保证了优化运行的引擎(或电机)从油耗和尾气排放。

汽车工程专业英语(汉化版)

汽车工程专业英语(汉化版)

Automotive Engineering English (Chinese Edition )汽车工程专业英语(汉化版)CONTENTSChapter 1 Automotive basics (2)1.1 The history of automotive (2)1.2 Classification of automotives (3)1.3 Principal Components (6)Review questions (13)Chapter 2 Engine (14)2.1 Overview (14)2.2 Engine construction (15)2.3 The engine operation (26)2.4 Basic engine systems (29)2.5 Air induction System (31)2.6 Gasoline fuel System (32)2.7 Engine Cooling (40)2.8 Engine Lubrication (44)2.9 Diesel engine (46)2.10 Emission Control (53)Review questions (61)目录第一章汽车的基础 (2)1.1 汽车的历史 (2)1.2. 汽车的分类 (3)1.3 汽车的主要组成部分 (6)复习题 (13)第二章发动机 (14)2.1 概述 (14)2.2 发动机的结构 (15)2.3 发动机的运转 (26)2.4 发动机的基本系统 (29)2.5 进气系统 (31)2.6 汽油供给系统 (32)2.7 发动机冷却系统 (40)2.8 发动机润滑系统 (44)2.9 柴油发动机 (46)2.10 排放控制 (53)复习题 (61)Capture 1 Automotive basis第一章汽车的基础1.1 The history of automobile1.1汽车的历史The automotive industry affects many areas of the economy. Starting with the first patented gasoline-powered Benz Motorwagen in 1886(Figure 1.1),the automotive industry has seen continuous and exciting changes for over a century. The early gasoline-powered automobile generated 1.5hp(1.1kW),it reaches top speed of 3~5mph(5~8km/h).Today's average vehicles have 110~450hp(80~330kW )engines and cruise at 106~120km/h,depending on the legal speed limit. For many people around the world,automotives are the most important means of personal transportation.汽车工业影响经济的许多领域。

最新汽车专业英语原文及翻译

最新汽车专业英语原文及翻译
light vehicle vans can be based on common sedan designs or redesigns so that maximum cargo space is available. 轻型货车一般是基于普通轿车设计的,或是重新设计使可用载货空间最大化。 the bodies of commercial vehicles that transport goods are designed for that specific purpose.tankers transport fluids,tippers carry earth or bulk grains,flatbeds and vans are used for general goods transport. 用于运输货物的商用车车身必须满足具体要求,例如运输液体的油罐车、运输泥土或散装谷 物的自卸车、运输一般货物的平板车或货车。
the utility or pick-up carries ually it has stronger chassis components and suspension than a sedan to support greater gross vehicle mass. 皮卡一般用来运载货物。为能承载更大的总质量,皮卡的底盘部件和悬架比轿车更结实。
a sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment.the design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods.a sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof.there are soft-top versions of the same body design except forhaving 2 doors,and there are commonly referred to as convertibles. 轿车车身为封闭式,轿车最多有 4 个车门,乘员通过车门进出。另外车身的设计还应考虑行 李和货物的存放。传统的轿车都是硬顶车身。活顶乘用车(敞篷车)的车顶是软顶,车身设 计与普通轿车类似,但只有两个车门。

汽车工程专业英语

汽车工程专业英语

Chapter 1 Automotive Basics(1) Today s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four majorcategories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。

当今的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。

这些零部件主要分为四类:车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。

1.1 Body(车身)(2) The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. Thebody styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.车身的设计要保证乘客安全舒适。

车身的款式使得汽车看起来漂亮迷人、色彩斑斓、时尚前卫。

1.2 Engine(发动机)(3)The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its powerby burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two typesof engine: gasoline and diesel . Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission .内燃机是最常见的,其动力来自气缸里液体燃料的燃烧。

汽车专业英语课文翻译1

汽车专业英语课文翻译1

Types of Automobiles(UNITTWO)汽车的类型The automobile industry is a fast developing industry. Form the later 18th century when the first automobile was put on road, this industry has developed tremendously. Now there are thousands of factories all over the world manufacturing numerous types of automobiles. This industry employs crores of men and women directly and indirectly in allied industries. The automobile engines are also being used in engine powered machines for agriculture, construction and manufacturing processes. Various types of small engines are also being used in lawn movers, power saws, snow removers and similar equipment. The automobile industry is a developing and demanding industry which does not find its end or saturation point. There is a great demand for varied types of automotive products, vehicles and engines. There is also a great demand for trained and experienced persons in this industry for diagnosing motor vehicle troubles, repairing and replacing engines components, transmissions, propeller shafts, differentials, axles, steering system components, brake system components, suspension components, air conditioners, heaters, body and glass work.汽车产业是一个迅速发展的行业。

汽车工程专业英语(汉化版)

汽车工程专业英语(汉化版)

Automotive Engineering English (Chinese Edition )汽车工程专业英语(汉化版)CONTENTSChapter 1 Automotive basics (2)1.1 The history of automotive (2)1.2 Classification of automotives (3)1.3 Principal Components (6)Review questions (13)Chapter 2 Engine (14)2.1 Overview (14)2.2 Engine construction (15)2.3 The engine operation (26)2.4 Basic engine systems (29)2.5 Air induction System (31)2.6 Gasoline fuel System (32)2.7 Engine Cooling (40)2.8 Engine Lubrication (44)2.9 Diesel engine (46)2.10 Emission Control (53)Review questions (61)目录第一章汽车的基础 (2)1.1 汽车的历史 (2)1.2. 汽车的分类 (3)1.3 汽车的主要组成部分 (6)复习题 (13)第二章发动机 (14)2.1 概述 (14)2.2 发动机的结构 (15)2.3 发动机的运转 (26)2.4 发动机的基本系统 (29)2.5 进气系统 (31)2.6 汽油供给系统 (32)2.7 发动机冷却系统 (40)2.8 发动机润滑系统 (44)2.9 柴油发动机 (46)2.10 排放控制 (53)复习题 (61)Capture 1 Automotive basis第一章汽车的基础1.1 The history of automobile1.1汽车的历史The automotive industry affects many areas of the economy. Starting with the first patented gasoline-powered Benz Motorwagen in 1886(Figure 1.1),the automotive industry has seen continuous and exciting changes for over a century. The early gasoline-powered automobile generated 1.5hp(1.1kW),it reaches top speed of 3~5mph(5~8km/h).Today's average vehicles have 110~450hp(80~330kW )engines and cruise at 106~120km/h,depending on the legal speed limit. For many people around the world,automotives are the most important means of personal transportation.汽车工业影响经济的许多领域。

车辆工程专业英语

车辆工程专业英语

UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICSBody:车身chassis:底盘stream-lined:流线wind resistance:风阻Frame:车架the power train:传动系统the drive train:驱动系a unitized body:承载式车身unibody:整体式汽车车身suspension system:悬架系统steering system:转向系统braking system(制动系统)suspension system:悬架系统shock absorber:减振器control arm:控制臂、导向机构steering gears:转向器steering wheel:转向盘idler arm:随动臂tie rods:横拉杆power steering:动力转向Power booster:助力器master cylinder:制动主缸Disc brake:盘式制动drum brake:鼓式制动Brake pedal:制动踏板brake system:制动系统stopping power:制动力Hydraulic brakes:液压制动brake pedal:制动踏板brake fluid:制动液brake lines:制动管路cylinders:轮缸brake shoes:制动蹄drum:制动鼓disc brake:盘式制动器pliers:老虎钳squeeze:挤进,握紧;夹紧rotating disc:旋转制动盘Drum brake:鼓式制动器gasoline-burning piston engine:活塞式汽油发动机Diesel-fuel burning engines:柴油发动机Fuel system:供给系统exhaust system:排气系统Cooling system:冷却系统lubrication system:润滑系统ignition system:点火系统electric spark:电火花air-fuel mixture:可燃混合气cylinder:汽缸ignition switch:点火开关current:电流storage battery:蓄电池ignition coil:点火线圈Distributor:分电器spark plug:火花塞compression ignition engines:压燃式发动机charging circuit:充电电路regulator:电压调节器alternator (or generator):发电机mechanical energy:机械能electrical energy:电能maximum voltage:最大电压fuel system:燃料供给系统fuel pump:燃油泵Filter:滤清器carburetor:化油器fuel injection system:燃油喷射系统combustible mixture:可燃混合气manifold:进气管exhaust system:排气系统carbon monoxide:一氧化碳hydrocarbons(碳氢化合物)oxides of nitrogen:氮氧化合物emission control system:排放控制系统cooling system:冷却系统combustion chamber:燃烧室coolant:冷却液Radiator:散热器water pump:水泵hollow:空的、空洞的block:汽缸体head:汽缸盖Defroster:(除冰(或霜)装置)lubrication system:润滑系统lubricant:润滑剂piston rings:活塞环cylinder walls:汽缸壁oil filter:机油滤清器Transmission:变速器wheel bearings:车轮轴承differential:差速器steering linkage:转向链接机构power train:传动系统transmission:变速器shift lever:变速杆clutch:离合器Transmission:变速器torque:转矩Differential:差速器drive /propeller shaft:传动轴universal joints:万向节axle movement:轴向运动flexible universal joints:活动万向节Differential:差速器UNIT 2 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEinternal combustion engine:内燃机liquefied petroleum gas(LPG):液化石油气Compressed natural gas(CNG):压缩天然气drive shaft:驱动轴rear-wheel-drive arrangement:后轮驱动布置形式front-wheel-drive arrangement:前轮驱动布置形式drive wheels:驱动轮mid-engine arrangement:发动机中置Pistons:活塞reciprocate:往复spark ignition engine:火花点燃式发动机compression ignition(CI) engine:压燃式发动机electric ignition system:电子点火系统spark plug:火花塞ignite:点燃cylinders:气缸combustion:燃烧compression-ignition engine:压燃式发动机diesel engine:柴油机Spray:喷入heavy-duty trucks:重型货车spark-ignition engine:火花点燃式发动机fuel system:燃料供给系统ignition system:点火系统lubricating system:润滑系统cooling system:冷却系统fuel system:燃料供给系统combustible mixture:可燃混合物air/fuel mixture:空气燃料混合气ignition system:点火系统spark plug:火花塞air/fuel mixture:可燃混合气lubricating oil:润滑油lubricating system:润滑系统oil pan:油底壳oil pump:机油泵reservoir:贮存器; 油箱exhaust gas:排气cooling system:冷却系统exhaust system:排气系统emission-control system:排放控制系统starting system:启动系统Crank:转动曲柄starting motor:启动马达internal combustion engine:内燃机chemical energy:化学能heat energy:热能mechanical energy:机械能air/fuel ratio:空燃比Diesel engines:柴油机intake:进气connecting rod:连杆crankshaft:曲轴reciprocating movement/back and forth movement/up and down movement(往复运动)rotary motion/ turning motion:(旋转运动)crankshaft:曲轴Efficiency:效率potential energy:潜能mechanical energy:机械能overall efficiency:总效率compression ratio:压缩比air/fuel ratio:空燃比uppermost position/(TDC, top dead center:上止点lowest position/BDC, bottom dead center:下止点stroke:行程four stroke-cycle Gasoline Engine:intake stroke:进气行程compression stroke:压缩行程power stroke:作功行程exhaust stroke:排气行程revolution:转、圈crankshaft:曲轴camshaft:凸轮轴Crankshaft:曲轴connecting rod:连杆intake valve:进气门camshaft:凸轮轴pressure difference:压力差air/fuel mixture:空气/燃料混合气compression ratio:压缩比TDC:上止点exhaust valve:排气门exhaust gases:废气starter motor:启动马达ignition key:点火钥匙start position:启动位置Flywheel:飞轮UNIT 3 AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICATION SYSTEM(汽车润滑系统)3.1 Lubrication Principles 润滑原理Friction:摩擦primary job:基本任务Residual oil:残留的机油Lubricant:滑润剂hydrodynamic:液力的oil adhesion:机油粘度sliding friction:滑动摩擦Pressure-Lubrication System压力润滑系统oil pan:油底壳block:汽缸体oil pump:油泵drain plug:放油螺塞oil-pan gasket:油底壳垫圈Passageway:油道oil filter:机油滤清器Crankcase:曲轴箱tube:管filter screen:滤网gear-type:齿轮泵rotor-type:转子泵full-flow filtering system:全流式滤清器pressure-relief valve:安全阀bypass valve:旁通阀camshaft(凸轮轴)main bearing:主轴承camshaft bearing:凸轮轴轴承Foam inhibitor:泡沫抑制剂UNIT 4 THE COOLING SYSTEM(冷却系统)exhaust system:排气系统cylinder wall:汽缸壁piston:活塞cylinder head:汽缸盖oil film:油膜fuel mileage:燃油经济性exhaust emissions:废气排放liquid cooling:水冷air cooling:风冷water jacket:水套thermostat:节温器water pump:水泵radiator:散热器radiator cap:散热器盖cooling fan:冷却风扇hoses:软管expansion tank:膨胀水箱overflow tank:溢流水箱4.1 Water Pump(水泵)centrifugal pump:离心泵centrifugal force:离心力4.2 Water Jacket(水套)hot spot:热点valve seat:气门座valve guide:气门导管cylinder wall:汽缸壁combustion chamber:燃烧室4.3 Radiator(散热器)heat exchanger:热交换器4.4 Pressure Cap(散热器盖)boiling point:沸点pressure release valve:减压阀, 安全阀overflow tube:溢流管overflow tank:溢流箱4.5 Thermostat(节温器)4.6 Fancooling fan:冷却风扇constant temperature:常温thermostatic switchUNIT 5 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMFuel injection system:燃油喷射系统purely mechanical:纯机械的electronic fuel injection system:电子燃油喷射系统feedback control:反馈控制emission:排放solenoid valve:电磁阀injector:喷油器best power:最佳动力性best emission:最佳排放性best economy:最佳经济性rich condition:浓(混合气)工况lean condition:稀(混合气)工况5.3 Fuel System(燃油系统)fuel rail:油轨regulator:压力调节器return line:回油管fuel manifold:燃油歧管intake manifold:进气歧管5.4 Air Metering and Measurement 空气计量butterfly valve:传统碟形阀throttle body assembly:节气门体总成Mass Airflow:质量流量Speed Density:速度密度spring loaded flap:翼片potentiometer:电位计heated wire:加热电阻丝voltage signal:电压信号5.5 Most EFI systems measure the same basic 6 input大多数EFI系统检测6个基本输入(信号)RPM(转速) ignition coil:点火线圈magnetic sensor:磁脉冲传感器Hall effect sensor:霍尔效应传感器Manifold Pressure (进气歧管压力) Throttle Position (节气门位置)Water Temperature injector pulse width:喷油器脉冲宽度Air Temperature5.6 Oxygen Sensor(氧传感器)closed loop systems:闭环系统oxygen content:氧含量air/fuel ratio:空燃比open loop mode:开环模式UNIT 6 EXHAUST SYSTEMexhaust system:排气系统Exhaust gas:废气combustion chamber:燃烧室muffler:消声器catalytic converter:催化转换器6.2 The Muffler(消声器)backpressure:背压exhaust valve:排气门6.3 The Exhaust Manifold and Headerexhaust manifold:排气歧管cylinder head:气缸盖intake manifold:进气歧管UNIT 7 THE IGNITION SYSTEM(点火系统)breaker point type ignition system:触点型点火系统electronic ignition system:电子点火系统distributorless ignition system:无分电器点火系统)timing of the spark plug firing:火花塞点火次序spark plug gap:火花塞间隙7.1 Point-Type Ignition System(触点型点火系统)electrical circuit:电路primary circuit:初级回路secondary circuit:次级回路breaker point:触点ignition switch:点火开关secondary winding:次级线圈high-tension lead:高压导线distributor:分电器coil:点火线圈distributor cap:分电器盖distributor rotor:分火头controlling element:控制元件primary current:初级电流Distributor:配电器7.2 Electronic Ignition Systems(电子点火系统)electronic control module:电子控制模块7.3 Distributorless Ignition Systems (DIS) (无分电器点火系统)spark timing:点火正时Ignition Control Unit (ICU):点火控制单元Engine Control Unit (ECU):发动机控制单元firing order:点火顺序Top Dead Center (TDC):上止点UNIT 8 CLUTCHdrive line/drive train:传动系统Clutch:离合器transmission:变速器drive shaft:传动轴final drive assembly:主减速器总成clutch disc:离合器片pressure plate:压盘pressure plate cover:离合器盖friction mechanism:摩擦机构engine torque:发动机扭矩gear ratio:传动比clutch pedal:离合器踏板driven member:从动件transmission input shaft:变速器输入轴driving members:主动件crankshaft:曲轴torsional shock:扭转振动starter motor:启动马达splined hub:花键毂spline:花键transmission input shaft:变速器输入轴diaphragm spring:膜片弹簧centrifugal force:离心力release bearing:分离轴承disengagement mechanism:分离机构hydraulic system:液压系统hydraulic mechanism:液压机构clutch master cylinder:离合器主缸hydraulic fluid:制动液clutch release cylinder:离合器分离缸UNIT 9 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION(自动变速器)fluid coupling(液力偶合器)torque converter(变矩器rear wheel drive(后轮驱动)front wheel drive(前轮驱动).drive shaft(驱动轴)final drive(主减速器)rear axle(后轴)rear wheels(后轮)transaxle(驱动桥)Front axles(前桥)planetary gear sets(行星齿轮组)hydraulic system(液力系统)Planetary gear sets(行星齿轮组)sun gear(太阳轮)ring gear(齿圈)planet gears(行星轮)constant mesh(常啮合common carrier(行星架)input shaft(输入轴)output shaft(输出轴)9.2 Clutch pack(离合器组)clutch drum(离合器鼓)friction material(摩擦材料)9.3 One-Way Clutch(单向离合器)"sprag" clutch(超越离合器)neutral(空挡)9.4 Bands(制动带)9.5 Torque Converter(液力变矩器)(见阅读材料)UNIT 10 THE DIFFERENTIAL(差速器)unlimited-slip, differential:不防滑差速器10.1 The Main Gears(主减速器)bevel gear:锥齿轮axle shaft:半轴final drive assembly:主减速器总成gear reduction:减速drive wheel:驱动轮drive shaft:传动轴spiral bevel gear:螺旋锥齿轮center line(centerline):中心线10.2 The Differential System(差速系统)axle shaft:半轴side gear:半轴齿轮UNIT 11 BRAKE SYSTEM(制动系统)kinetic energy:惯性能量momentum:动量thermal energy (heat):热能master cylinder:主缸brake pedal:制动踏板mechanical pressure:机械压力hydraulic pressure:液体压力brake line:制动管brake hose:制动软管slave cylinder:轮缸Brake fluid:制动液Shoe:制动蹄pad:制动块drums:制动鼓rotor:制动盘disk brake:盘式制动器drum brakes:鼓式制动器caliper:制动嵌brake shoe:制动蹄friction lining:摩擦衬片friction surface:摩擦表面emergency brake:紧急制动Power brake booster:动力制动助力器master cylinder:制动主缸brake pedal:制动踏板hydraulic actuator:液压传动机构wheel speed sensor:车轮速度传感器UNIT 14 ABS AND TCS14.1 Braking System Fundamentals,master cylinder:主缸wheel cylinders:轮缸caliper pistons:制动钳活塞rolling energy:旋转能量14.2 Antilock Braking Systems(防抱死制动系统)retarding force:制动力percent slip滑移率braking effectiveness:制动效能wheel speed sensors (WSS):车轮速度传感器Reading material-Torque Converter-术语Torque Converter(液力变矩器)manual transmission:自动变速器automatic transmission:自动变速器brake pedal:制动踏板gas pedal:加速踏板 1. Pump(泵轮).2. Turbine(涡轮).3. Stator(导轮).4. Transmission fluid(传动液).Freewheel:自由轮lockup clutch:锁止离合器。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

汽车基础当今的汽车一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。

这些零部件主要分为四类:车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。

1.1 车身汽车车身是由车窗、车门、发动机罩和行李箱盖焊接在金属板外壳内而成。

金属板外壳将发动机、乘客和货物覆盖以提供保护。

车身的设计要保证乘客安全舒适。

车身的款式使得汽车看起来漂亮迷人、色彩斑斓、时尚前卫。

私家轿车有一个封装起来的车身,4个大车门允许乘客进出车厢。

这个设计也可放置行李或其他货物。

私家轿车也可以称为拥有固定车顶的传统车辆。

有许多类似车身设计的活顶式车除了拥有两个车门,其他的设计和敞篷车大致一样。

皮卡或载重汽车。

通常它们有比轿车大的底盘和悬架来支撑重物质量。

轻型运载货车基于轿车的设计并改装以便腾出最大限度的空间来装载货物。

商用运载货物车辆的车身是专用设计的。

如罐车运载液体,自卸车搬运泥土或大批谷物,平板车和货车通常用来运载普通货物。

公交车或长途汽车通常是4轮固定模式的车辆,但会用到大量的车轮和轮轴。

有时,铰接式公交车是为了增加容量。

公交车和货车可以做成单层或双层的。

长途汽车常用于长距离运载,且费用比较昂贵,因此市区里就会用到公交车,如市郊间上下班时用于交通运输。

1.2 发动机发动机作为动力装置。

最常见的内燃机通过燃烧发动机气缸里的液体燃料而获得能量。

内燃机有两种类型:汽油机(又称为点燃式发动机)和柴油机(又称为压燃式发动机)。

两种类型均称为热力发动机。

燃烧燃料产生的热量使汽缸里气体的气压增加并提供能量通过传动轴连接到传动系统。

发动机气缸的排列方式称为发动机配置。

直列式发动机的汽缸呈一列布置。

这个设计创造了一个简单的发动机缸体铸造。

在车辆应用中,汽缸数一般是2-6缸,汽缸中心线与水平面垂直。

当汽缸数增多时,发动机尺寸和曲轴就成为一个问题。

解决这个问题的办法就是采用V形(汽缸呈两列布置,且两列气缸之间夹角为V形)发动机。

这个设计使发动机尺寸和曲轴都变得更短且更坚硬。

前置发动机纵向安装,既可前轮驱动也可后轮驱动。

后置发动机是将发动机安装在后轮后面。

发动机可横置或纵置,一般情况下为后轮驱动。

1.3 Chassis 1.3.3Suspension(4) The purpose of the complete suspension system is to isolate the vehicle body from road shocks and vibrations, which will otherwise be transferred to the passengers and load. It must also keep the tires in contact with the road regardless of road surface. P5 整个悬架系统的作用是隔离来自路的冲击和振动对车身的影响,防止它们传递给乘客和货物。

另外不论路面如何,悬架系统都应该保持轮胎和路的接触。

1.3.4 Braking (5) Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. P6 在鼓式制动器上,制动鼓和轮毂连接,制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。

在盘式制动器上,连着轮毂的制动盘,被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。

1.4Electrical system (6) The electrical system supplies electricity for the starter, ignition, lights and heater. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit. P8 电器系统为起动机、点火系、照明和加热设备提供电流。

电流的大小由充电电路来维持。

Automotive Engineering English1.4 电气系统电气系统为起动机、点火系统、照明灯具、取暖器提供电能。

该电平由一个充电电路维护。

1.4.1 充电充电系统为所有汽车电子元件提供电能。

充电系统主要包括:蓄电池,交流发电机,电压调节器,即通常是交流发电机上不可或缺的,充电警告或指示灯和金属丝连成一个完整电路。

蓄电池为起动提供电能,然后发动机工作,交流发电机就为所有的电子元件提供电能。

同时也给蓄电池充电即用来使发动机起动。

电压调节器有过充保护作用。

起动起动系统包括:蓄电池、电缆、起动机、飞轮和换向器。

起动时,有两个动作同时运行,该起动机齿轮与飞轮齿圈啮合,并起动电机,然后运行传输到发动机曲轴。

起动机电机将起动机安装在发动机缸体上并由电池供电。

1.4.3 点火一个基本的点火系统包括:蓄电池、低压电缆、点火线圈、线圈高压电缆、火花塞电缆和火花塞。

点火系统提供高强度火花使火花塞点燃燃料室里的液体燃料。

火花必须在适当的时候提供,并达到能够使燃料点燃的能量要求。

这些能量从蓄电池和交流发电机获得,点火线圈使电压增高。

该系统有两个电路,主电路或低压电路点燃火花,次电路或高压电路产生高压并将其分配到火花塞上。

2.1. 能源与动力能源是用于生产电力。

化工能源转化为燃料的燃烧的热量,这个过程被称为燃烧。

如果发动机燃烧发生在汽缸内的地方,被称为发动机内部燃烧发动机。

如果燃烧发生在汽缸外的地方,被称为发动机外部燃烧发动机。

用于汽车的能源叫内部燃烧高能源高温能源在燃烧室里降低能缓解气体燃烧在汽缸室里的温度。

燃烧气体温度的升高引起气压变大。

燃烧室内发展应用到了活塞产生一个可用的机械力,然后将其转换成有用的机械能。

2.1.2发动机条款通过曲轴连杆连接活塞,造成气体轴旋转半转。

动力冲程“使用了”气压,意味着必须提供手段驱逐燃烧气体和回灌用新鲜的汽油和空气混合气体钢瓶:这种气体的运动控制是阀门的责任;一进气阀使新进入的混合物在适当的时间和一排气阀让燃烧后的气体在已完成了它的工作任务后排出,。

发动机条款(图2-1):TDC(上止点):曲轴对应活塞的位置时,活塞远离曲轴。

BDC(下死点):曲轴对应活塞的位置时,活塞最接近曲轴。

行程:下死点和上止点之间的距离;中风是由曲轴,行程是由曲轴控制。

缸径:圆柱的内部直径。

波及体积:下死点和上止点之间的音量。

发动机排量:这是所有的气缸容积,例如四汽缸发动机,有一个排量为2000㎝³的汽车,配有500㎝³气缸波及体积。

隙容积:上述内活塞的空间体积位于上止点以上。

压缩率E =(容积+间隙容积)/(间隙容积)二冲程:能量掌握在每一个运转的曲轴上。

四冲程:能量掌握在每一个其它的运转的曲轴上2.1.3火花点燃式发动机四冲程循环火花点火式发动机是一种内部与外部的点火器,它转换为动能,在燃料中的能量供应的燃烧。

在经营周期分布在四个活塞行程。

以完成整个周期需要两个曲轴的使命。

运行过程如(图2 - 2)进气行程(进气)向下移动的冰锥增加汽缸容积和新鲜的通过进气阀开启的空气燃料混合。

压缩行程向上移动的活塞减少了汽缸内体积和压缩的空气燃料混合物。

不久之前,香港贸易发展局是达成共识,火花塞点燃压缩空气燃料的混合物,从而启动了燃烧过程。

更高的压缩比意味着更好的燃油利用率。

压缩的程度受制于敲限制。

3.做功行程火花点火后在火花塞点燃了压缩空气燃料的混合物,作为混合的结果温度升高。

在汽缸增加,迫使活塞向下的压力。

活塞转让的权力,通过连杆曲轴。

4.排气行程向上移动的活塞燃烧排出的气体(废气)通过公开排气阀。

在四冲程过完成后又周期重复。

2.1.4引擎的整体力学这台发动机有数以百计的其它部分。

发动机的主要部件是发动机缸体,发动机头,活塞,连杆,曲轴和阀门。

其他部分一起营造系统。

这些系统是燃油系统,进气系统,点火系统,冷却系统,润滑系统和排气(图2 - 2)。

这些系统都有一定的作用。

这些系统将在后面详细讨论。

2.2.1发动机缸体发动机缸体是发动机的基本框架。

所有其他发动机零件要么在其中的位置或固定它。

其所持有的气瓶,水套和油画廊(图2 - 4)。

发动机缸体还持有曲轴,那拴到块的底部。

还装在凸轮轴块,除却架空凸轮(OHC)发动机。

在大多数汽车,这个部件是由灰铸铁或者一种合金(混合物)灰铁和其它金属如镍或铬。

发动机缸体是铸件。

有些气缸体,特别是在小汽车里的那些,都是由铝做成的。

这种金属比铁轻得多,然而,铁的耐磨性比铝好。

因此,在大多数铝制发动机的气缸内镶有铁或钢套管。

这些轴套被称为气缸套。

有些气缸体完全由铝做成。

2.2.2 气缸套气缸套用于发动机缸体提供活塞和活塞环的耐磨材料。

那块可由一种铁,易于铸造而作出的套筒使用另一种就是能够更好地起到磨损作用,还有两种主要类型的套筒:干,湿(图2 - 5 )。

干套可以被抛弃,或压成一个新的块或用于严重磨损或损坏而无法轻易被钢瓶翻新得的套筒。

这是一个在其在缸体孔压适合。

它的墙壁是两毫米厚。

它的外表面,是符合其全长块接触。

它与顶块冲洗和面漆难以看到。

一旦到位,干袖子成为缸体的永久部分。

用湿的套筒。

外表面是周围的汽缸水套的一部分。

这就是所谓湿缸,因为它有对其外表面的冷却液。

这有助于加快热套和冷却水之间的转移。

套筒顶部密封,以防止冷却液泄漏2.2.3 缸盖气缸盖扣紧到块顶部,正如屋顶适合在一幢房子。

底部与活塞顶形成燃烧室。

缸直列机,只有一种轻型车辆的所有缸,缸头大缸直列机可以有两个或更多。

正如与发动机缸体,缸盖,可制成铸铁或铝合金。

铝合金制成的头比如果当铸铁制成打火机。

铝还进行更迅速带走热量比铁。

汽油发动机,这三个最流行的燃烧室类型是半球形,楔形和半半(图2 - 6)。

气缸头携带阀门,阀门弹簧和摇臂轴摇臂,这个山谷齿轮部分正在进行这项工作的推杆。

有时,凸轮轴安装在气缸头直接并且不用摇臂控制阀门工作。

这就是所谓的一个顶置凸轮轴安排。

2.2.4垫片气缸盖连接到具有高强度汽缸体。

它们之间的连接必须不透气,使燃烧的混合气体都不能泄露。

这是由使用气缸盖垫片实现,这是一个夹层垫片,即在两片铜之间的石棉,这两种材料能承受高温和发动机内的压力。

2.2.5油盘或油底壳油底壳通常由钢冲压形成。

油底壳和气缸体的下半部分一同被叫做曲轴箱,他们把曲轴封闭起来。

润滑系统中的油泵从油底壳抽取油,并将其发送到发动机的所有工作部件。

石油排水起飞和碰到向下平移进入到锅里。

因此,润滑油在发动机的轴箱与工作着的零件之间不断地循环。

相关文档
最新文档