英语修辞手法的解释和例句

英语修辞手法的解释和例句
英语修辞手法的解释和例句

英语修辞手法得解释与例句

1.Simile明喻

明喻就是将具有共性得不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们得心里,而不就是事物得自然属性、

标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, asthough, similar to, such as等.

例如:

1>、He was like acockwho thought the sun had risento hear him crow、

2>。I wandered lonelyas a cloud.

3〉、Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he hadjust walked out o fa fairy tale.

2。Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻

隐喻就是简缩了得明喻,就是将某一事物得名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。

例如:

1>、Hope isagood breakfast, but it is a badsupper、

2〉.Somebooks are to be tasted, othersswallowed, andsome few to bechewedand digested、

3。Metonymy 借喻,转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说得事物,而使用另一个与之相关得事物名称、

I、以容器代替内容,例如:

1〉。The kettle boils、水开了、

2〉.The room satsilent、全屋人安静地坐着。

II、以资料、工具代替事物得名称,例如:

Lend me your ears, please。请听我说。

III、以作者代替作品,例如:

a plete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集

VI。以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:

Ihad the muscle, and they made money outof it、我有力气,她们就用我得力气赚钱.

4、Synecdoche提喻

提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般、

例如:

1〉。There are about100hands working in his factory、(部分代整体) 她得厂里约有100名工人。

2>.Heis the Newton of thiscentury、(特殊代一般)

她就是本世纪得牛顿。

3〉、The foxgoes very well with yourcap。(整体代部分)

这狐皮围脖与您得帽子很相配.

5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉

这种修辞法就是以视.听、触。嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就就是把不同感官得感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉"。

通感技巧得运用,能突破语言得局限,丰富表情达意得审美情趣,起到增强文采得艺术效果、比如:欣赏建筑得重复与变化得样式会联想到音乐得重复与变化得节奏;闻到酸得东西会联想到尖锐得物体;听到飘渺轻柔得音乐会联想到薄薄得半透明得纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里得“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫得歌声似得"、

例如:

1>.The birdssatupon a tree and pouredforth their lily like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出得声音联想到百合花)

鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似得声音。

2>、Tastethe music of Mozart、(用嗅觉形容听觉)

品尝Mozart得音乐。

6.Personification 拟人

拟人就是把生命赋予无生命得事物。

例如:

1>。The nightgently laysher handat our fevered heads、(把夜拟人化)

2〉、I was very happy and could hear the birdssinging in the woods、(把鸟拟人化)

7。Hyperbole夸张

夸张就是以言过其实得说法表达强调得目得。它可以加强语势,增加表达效果。。

例如:

1〉.I bega thousand pardons、

2>.Loveyou、You are the whole world to me, and the moonand the stars、

3〉、When she heard the badnews, a riverof tears poured out、8。Parallelism 排比, 平行

这种修辞法就是把两个或两个以上得结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致得短语、句子排列成串,形成一个整体、

例如:

1>。No onecan be perfectly freetill allare free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; noone canbeperfectlyhappy tillall are happy.

2>。Inthe dayswhen allthese things are tobe answered for, Isummon you andyours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them。In the days when all thesethingsare t

obe answered for, I summonyourbrother, the worst ofyourbadrace, toanswer for them separately。

9、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法

婉辞法指用委婉,文雅得方法表达粗恶,避讳得话、

例如:

1>。Heis out visitingthe necessary、她出去方便一下.

2>.His relation with hiswife has not been fortunate、她与妻子关系不融洽。

3〉、DengXiaopingpassedaway in 1997、(去世)

10.Allegory 讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”)

建立在假借过去或别处得事例与对象之上,传达暗示,影射或者讥讽现世各种现象得含义。英文解释:an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestiveresemblances; an extended metaphor摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书

这就是一种源于希腊文得修辞法,意为”换个方式得说法”。它就是一种形象得描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味得就是两回事.

例如:

1〉、Make the haywhilethe sun shines、

2>。It's timeto

表层含义:趁着出太阳得时候晒草??真正意味:趁热打铁?

turnplough into sword、

表层含义:就是时候把犁变成剑

11。Irony 反语

反语指用相反意义得词来表达意思得作文方式。如在指责过失、错误时,用赞同过失得说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难得说法.

1>.Itwould be a fine thing indeed not knowingwhat timeit was in the morning、

早上没有时间观念还真就是一件好事啊(真实含义就是应该明确早上得时间观念)

2>”Ofcourse, youonly carrylargenotes, no smallchange on you。”the waiter saidto the beggar、

Sarcasm: (讽刺)Sarcasm isa strong formof irony。It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner,and its aimisto disparage, ridicule and wound thefeelings of the subject attacked、For example,laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies,but let waspsbreak through。

I love beingmarried。It’s so great tofind that onespecial person you want to annoyfor the rest of your life

I'd insult you, but you'renot bright enoughto notice、

Not allmen are annoying。Someare dead、

Ridicule嘲弄

Is unkind laughter or remarks intended to makesomeone or s omething seem stupid.

Eg. He mopped his bald dome insilence。

Bryan, ageing andpaunchy, was assisted、

Innuendo: (暗讽) It isa mildformof irony,hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way atsomething disparaging(不一致) or unplime ntary(不赞美)tothe person or subject mentioned、

For example, the weathermansaid it would be worm、He must tak ehis readings in abathroom。

Innuendoandirony differ from each other。With irony, the intended meaning isexplicit: it isexpressed by theoppositeof the literalmeaningof theword used。Incontrast, with innuendo, the intend edmeaning is implicit andthe understanding of itdepends on the context。That’s why innuendo is also called“a mild irony”.pare the i nnuendoremarks with the plainstatement in the brackets.

12。Pun 双关

双关就就是用一个词在句子中得双重含义,借题发挥、作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到得幽默.滑稽效果、它主要以相似得词形。词意与谐音得方式出现.

例如:

1〉、She is toolowfora high praise, too brownfor a fair praise and too littlefor a great praise.

2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country。

3〉。If we don't hangtogether, we shallhang separately。

13、Parody 仿拟

这就是一种模仿名言、警句。谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意得修辞、

例如:

1〉、Romewas notbuilt in a day, nor in a year、

2>.A friendin need isa friend to be avoided.

3>。If yougive a girl aninch nowadaysshewillmake address of it、

14、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问)

它与疑问句得不同在于它并不以得到答复为目得,而就是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上得效果,其特点就是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈得肯定.它得答案往往就是不言而喻得.

例如:

1>、Howwas it possible to walkfor an hour through the wo odsand see nothingworthof note?

2>。Shall we allowthose untruthsto go unanswered?

15。Antithesis对照,对比,对偶

这种修辞指将意义完全相反得语句排在一起对比得一种修辞方法。

例如:

1>。Not that I loved Caeserless butthat I lovedRomemore、

2>.Youare staying; Iam going。

3>、Give me liberty, or give me death.

16。Paradox 隽语

这就是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理得意味深长得说法,就是一种矛盾修辞法.。

例如:

1〉、More haste, lessspeed、欲速则不达

2〉。Thechild is thefather tothe man。(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁瞧大,四岁瞧老。

17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻

这也就是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调与得特征形容一个事物,以不协调得搭配使读者领悟句中微妙得含义、

例如:

1〉。No light, butrather darkness visible、没有光亮,黑暗却清晰可见

2〉、The state of this houseis cheerless wele。

18。Climax 渐进法,层进法

这种修辞就是将一系列词语按照意念得大小。轻重。深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点。可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.

例如:

1〉。I amsorry, I am so sorry, I amsoextremely sorry。

2>。Eye had not seen norear heard, and nothinghad touched hi sheart ofstone.

19。Anticlimax 渐降法

与climax相反得一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.

例如:

1〉.On his breasthe wears his decorations, at his side a sword, o nhisfeet a pair of boots、

2>、The duties of a soldier areto protecthis country andp eel potatoes、

20、叠言(rhetorical repetition)

这种修辞法就是指在特定得语境中,将相同得结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气与力量、

1、It mustbe created by the blood andthe work of all of us who believe in the future, who believein man and his gloriousman—madedestiny。

它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造得伟大命运具有信心得人得鲜血与汗水去创造。

2、、、。Because good technique in medicineand surgery meansmore quickly—cured patients, lesspain, less disfort, lessdeath, lessdisease and less deformity。

因为优良得医疗技术与外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人,更少痛苦,更少不安,更少死亡,更少疾病,与更少残废、

21、拟声(onomatopoeia)

就是摹仿自然界中非语言得声音,其发音与所描写得事物得声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。

1、On the rootof the school housesome pigeons weresoftlycooing.

在学校房屋得屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。

2、She brought me into touchwith everything that could bereached or felt—-sunlight,the rustling of silk, the noisesof insect s, thecreakingof adoor, the voiceofalovedone、

她使我接触到所有够得着得或者感觉得到得东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时得沙沙声呀,昆虫得叫声呀,开门得吱嗄声呀,亲人得说话声呀。

22.头韵法(alliteration)

在文句中有两个以上连结在一起得词或词组,其开头得音节有同样得字母或声音,以增强语言得节奏感、

How andwhyhe hade toPrinceton,New Jerseyisa storyof struggle,success,and sadness。

腹韵(assonance)Assonance is repetition of vowelsounds(亦称“元韵”或“准押韵”)指谐音或发音相似,尤指词中元音得相似。韵式为CVC,其中粗体V表示两个单词得元音发音相同,而其首尾辅音发音不同、此式表达得意思就是:如果两个单词得元音部分发音相同,而其余部分发音不同,便被认为就是押腹韵。如great与fail、由于腹韵摈弃了对辅音得限制,因而比尾韵更为灵活。?1. Firstthriveand then wife、?2、The rain in Spain stays mainly intheplain。

1、先发迹后娶妻。?2.西班牙得雨主要集中在平原。

Homeoteleuton尾韵

Similarity inendings

Eg. He laughs best wholaughs last.

Fare andsquare。

Afallin a pity, a gaininyour wit、

Wear andtear。

23、TransferredEpithet: (移就) It isa figureof speech wherean epithet (an adjectiveor descriptive phrase)istransferred from the nounit should rightly modify(修饰) to another to whichit does no treally applyor belong、For instance, Ispent sleepless nightson my project.

1、Rushingthongs,blinded bythe darknessand smoke, rushed upon a street anddown thenext tramplingthe fallen in acrazyfruitless dash toward safety、

(Robert Silverbury:Pompeii)

在黑暗与浓烟中狂奔得人群,沿着大街小巷踏着倒下得躯体,慌乱而徒劳地向安全地方冲闯。

crazy在形式上就是修饰dash,但在语义上就是修饰throngs,表示在火山爆发时,四处奔逃时得疯狂得样子。

2、Sometimes they threw (him) bits offood, and gotscant thanks;sometimesa mischievous pebble, and a showerof stones and abuses、

(Gibort Highet: Diogenes and Alexander)

有时她们给她丢一点吃得,却几乎听不到感谢;有时恶作剧地向她扔块卵石,却招来她一阵石块与恶骂。

修饰有生命,有感情得人行为方式得mischievous(恶作剧得)移来修饰无生命,无感情得pebble(小鹅卵石),表达新奇,妙趣横生。

3、He flitted awaydown the path, his head held high,with anair of somewhat jaded jauntiness、

她沿着小路快步离开了,头昂得高高得,神情虽然高傲,但却显得有几分倦意。

句中jaded 在语义上就是修饰He,表示一种状态。

4、And the first tender singing of the passionate throat of a young colli er, whohas since drunk himself todeath、

(David Herbert Lawrence: Tortoise Shout)

第一支男高音歌曲就是由一个年轻得矿工唱得,她得嗓音高亢激昂,唱完后,她就喝得酩酊大醉了。

句中修饰throat 得passionate 在语义就是修饰youngcollier、

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