Synthesis, Place & Route
vivado-design-methodology

View QuickTime Video for UltraFast Design Methodology for Timing Closure
Page 12
© Copyright 2013 Xilinx
.
Progressive Approach to Design Closure
Page 5
© Copyright 2013 Xilinx
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Overall Strategy for Accelerated Design Cycle
Earlier Iterations
Start closure at the front-end of the design flow
– Engage UltraFast early – Faster iterations than in the back-end – Greater impact on Quality of Results (QoR)
– Use HDL language templates in Vivado
– New Linting capability: Methodology DRC ruledeck
Implementation: Rapid convergence & signoff timing
– Rapid convergence technique: Closure with the simplest constraints – Signoff convergence: Closure with pristine constraints – Use XDC language templates & Timing DRC ruledeck
第七章_VLSI设计导论(1)

VLSI设计方法学
史伟伟
VLSI
VLSI设计方法学
Initialize Floorplan and Create Core Area
Core To Left Distance
VLSI
Width
Control Parameters
* Aspect Ratio Utilization Aspect ratio (H/W)
Height
Row 3 Row 2 Row 1
16
Physical Data
Logical Data Physical Data place_opt clock_opt route_opt Analysis Output
IP
VLSI
Constrained and linked design
Physical Reference Libraries (Milkyway)
Synthesis
VLSI
Design & Timing Setup Floorplanning Placement CTS Routing
Design for Manufacturing
3
Floorplan Areas
In general, a chip is a combination of:
VLSI
Technology File
abc_6m.tf
生物专业外语笔试题目及答案

生物专业外语笔试题目及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. The term "gene" was first introduced by which scientist?A. Charles DarwinB. Gregor MendelC. James WatsonD. Francis Crick答案:B2. Which of the following is not a function of DNA?A. Store genetic informationB. Control cell divisionC. Direct protein synthesisD. Provide energy答案:D3. What is the basic unit of a protein?A. CarbohydrateB. LipidC. Amino acidD. Nucleotide答案:C4. The process of DNA replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?A. G1 phaseB. S phaseC. G2 phaseD. M phase答案:B5. Which of the following is a type of genetic mutation?A. TranscriptionB. TranslationC. TransversionD. Translocation答案:C二、填空题(每空2分,共20分)6. The central dogma of molecular biology states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA and then to _______.答案:protein7. In eukaryotic cells, the process of protein synthesis takes place in the _______.答案:cytoplasm8. The term "genome" refers to all the genetic material of an _______.答案:organism9. The process by which a fertilized egg develops into afully formed individual is known as _______.答案:development10. The study of the relationships among various species is known as _______.答案:taxonomy三、简答题(每题10分,共40分)11. Briefly describe the structure of a typical eukaryotic cell.答案:A typical eukaryotic cell has a nucleus that contains the genetic material, a cell membrane that encloses the cell, cytoplasm where organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus perform various functions, and other structures like lysosomes and a cytoskeleton.12. Explain the concept of natural selection and its importance in evolution.答案:Natural selection is the process by which individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those advantageous traits to their offspring. It is a key mechanism of evolution, leading to adaptation and the diversity of life forms.13. What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?答案:Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Prokaryotes are generally smaller and simpler in structure compared to eukaryotes.14. Describe the process of photosynthesis and its significance for life on Earth.答案:Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose or other organic molecules. It is significant for life on Earth as it provides oxygen and is the primary source of energy for most food chains.四、论述题(每题20分,共20分)15. Discuss the impact of genetic engineering on modern agriculture and medicine.答案:Genetic engineering has revolutionized agriculture by enabling the development of crops with improved resistance to pests and diseases, better tolerance to environmental stresses, and enhanced nutritional content. In medicine, it has facilitated the production of recombinant proteins and vaccines, the development of gene therapies, and the advancement of personalized medicine based on genetic profiles.结束语:本试题旨在考察学生对生物专业外语知识的掌握程度以及应用能力,希望同学们能够通过本试题加深对生物学基本概念和原理的理解,并在实际应用中不断进步。
活性染料生产工艺流程

活性染料生产工艺流程英文回答:The production process of reactive dyes involves several steps to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the final product. Let me walk you through the process.Firstly, the raw materials are carefully selected and prepared. This includes choosing the appropriate dyes, chemicals, and solvents. The quality of these materials greatly affects the outcome of the dyeing process. For example, if low-quality dyes are used, the color fastness may be compromised.Next, the dye synthesis takes place. This involves combining the selected dyes with the necessary chemicals and solvents to create a reactive dye solution. The reaction conditions, such as temperature and pH, need to be carefully controlled to achieve the desired dye properties. For instance, maintaining the right temperature is crucialfor the reaction to proceed efficiently.Once the reactive dye solution is prepared, it is then applied to the fabric. This can be done through various methods, such as padding, exhaust, or printing. The choice of application method depends on the type of fabric and the desired dyeing effect. For example, padding is commonly used for woven fabrics, while exhaust dyeing is preferred for knitted fabrics.After the dye application, the fabric is subjected to a fixation process. This step is crucial to ensure that the dye molecules form strong chemical bonds with the fabric fibers, resulting in excellent color fastness. Different fixation methods can be employed, such as steaming, thermosol, or high-temperature dyeing. The choice of fixation method depends on factors like the type of fabric and the desired color fastness level.Once the fixation is complete, the fabric undergoes a thorough rinsing process to remove any excess dye and chemicals. This step is essential to prevent color bleedingand to improve the overall quality of the dyed fabric. Rinsing can be done using water or specific rinsing agents.Finally, the dyed fabric is dried and finished. This involves removing any remaining moisture and applying additional treatments, such as softening agents or anti-static agents, to enhance the fabric's properties. Thedrying and finishing processes are critical for achieving the desired appearance and feel of the final product.中文回答:活性染料的生产工艺包括多个步骤,以确保最终产品的质量和效果。
synopsys-dc中文教程(比较详细)

ASIC design flow
IP and Library Models
Verified RTL
Design Constraints
Logic Synthesis optimization&scan insertion Static Timing Analysis
no Time ok?
Floorplan placement, CT Insertion&Global routing
-output active_design+”.sdf” write_constraints –format sdf –cover_design\
-output constraints.sdf
ASIC design flow
Verification
利用SDF文件进行动态时序仿真:利用功能仿真时。用verilog 编写的test_bench 文件 形式验证:利用数学算法检查设计的逻辑的等效性,静态验证,需要的时间比动态仿真少,
方案。我们就以下几个方面对DC做以介绍:
script文件:由DC的命令构成,可使DC自动完成综合的整个过程。 DC支持的对象、变量、属性 DC支持的文件格式及类型 DC在HDL代码中的编译开关,控制综合过程
Translate_off/translate_on:指示DC终止或开始verilog 源代码转换的位置。 full_case:阻止case语句在不完全条件下生成latch。
பைடு நூலகம்
ASIC design flow
Compile and scan insert的scripts,采用bottom_up的编译方法
set_fix_multiple_port_net –buffer_constants –all compile –scan check_test create_test_pattern –sample 10 preview_scan insert_scan check_test 如果模块内的子模块具有dont_touch 属性需添加如下命令,因要插入扫描 remove_attribute find(-hierarchy design,”*”)dont_touch
2021年6月大学英语四级词汇高频词汇:place

大学英语四级词汇讲解:place
What would you do if you were in my place
四级词汇讲解:
本句采用了虚拟语气,由主句中的would和条件状语从句中的were 可知,此处是对现在情况的虚拟,表示与事实相反或实现的可能性不大。
短语in one's
place在口语中经常出现,意为“处于某人的境况”。
英语四级考点归纳:
听力中有关place的短语常见的有:
※in one's place除表示“处于某人的境况”之外,还可意为“代替某人”。
如:
The manager asked me to open the conference in his
place.经理让我代替他为本次大会揭幕。
※all over the place意为“到处,各处”。
如:
Harmless comments are all over the place.四处可见毫无恶意的评论。
※take place意为“发生;举行”。
如:
Paris visit will not take place.巴黎之行不会成行。
※take the place of 意为“代替,取代”。
如:
Nothing can take the place of persistence.坚持不懈是无可替代的。
1。
第三章 版图的设计

Keep your eyes open for opportunity.
3.8 指状晶体管版图
P50 P156
接触孔的总电阻
P139
2、光刻六:引线孔光刻。
第七步:光刻金属互 连线
1、采用蒸发或者溅射 工艺在晶片表面淀积 金属化层
2、光刻七:互连线光 刻。按照电路连接要 求,生成互连线,完 成管芯的制作。
第八步:光刻钝化孔
与通常集成电路一样,为了保护 管芯表面,提高使用可靠性,生 成管芯后,在表面再淀积一层保 护层,又称为钝化层
tr t f
peq neq
设 n 3 p
采用0.8um双阱CMOS工艺设计一位二进制全 加器电路
求和信号和进位信号的传输延时<1.2ns(最坏 情况)
求和信号和进位信号的总转换延时<1.2ns(最 坏情况)
电路面积<1500um2
VDD=5V,fMAX=20Mhz时的动态功耗<1mW
C ox
ox
tox
同理, P器件的线性电阻
Rp
1
p (VG
VTp
)
p
pCox
(W L
)
CG CoxAG
C ox
ox
tox
有一个宽长比=4 的nFET。为了构造一
个与nFET具有相同电阻的pFET,pFET
的宽长比=?已知
n 2 .4 p
n p
nCox(W L)npCox(W L)p
ASIC

ASIC课程重点是:数字IC设计流程1.设计输入,Vi (输入),gcc (c模型),电路图或硬件描述语言2.Modelsim(Questasim)/ VCS / V erdi(仿真、调试)3.DC (综合design compiler)4.FM(形式验证)5.Astro (后端物理实现)6.PT(时序分析)7.IC51418.Calibre (后端验证)TCL:Tool Command Language 用来控制、扩展应用程序,开源软件,工业标准PKS: Physically Knowledgeable SynthesisRC : RTL compilerSDC: synopsys design constraintsSDF: standard delay format综合三阶段: 翻译/转换,优化,映射DC基本流程: 读入设计,设置约束,执行综合,查看报告,保存结果。
Astro APR: 基本概念,设计输入,布局规划floorplan,时序约束,place,时钟树综合CTS,布线,DRM,数据导出形式验证(Formal V erification )SVF: Setup V erification for FormalityAPR: Auto Place and RouteCTS:时钟树综合 Clock Tree SynthesisAES : Advanced Encryption StandardDES : Data Encryption StandardLVS:layout vs. schematicANT:AntennaDRC:design rule check物理验证步骤:1.准备ic5141环境(工艺库、基本库、快捷键、显示资源、Calibre配置等)2.stdcell、Pad库导入到ic5141(GDSII数据◊stream in)3.设计库aes_ASIC导入到ic51414.为电源PAD加label (LVS用)5.准备ANT/DRC/LVS规则文件6.LVS检查(先做,确认设计正确)7.ANT 检查与修正(先于DRC,ANT修正中可能会引入DRC)8.DRC检查与修正9.设计数据导出(stream out◊GDSII◊T ape Out)综合定义:在满足设计电路的功能,速度及面积的限制条件下,将行为及描述转化为指定的技术库中的单元电路链接.综合的目标:面积最小化,功耗最小化,性能最大化.建立时间:数据在时钟信号源到达之前必须要稳定的时间,如果建立时间不满足,数据不能正确打进时序逻辑单元.保持时间:数据在时钟信号源到达之后必须要稳定的时间,如果保持时间不够,数据被时序逻辑单元正确锁存.基本单元延时:门延时是指信号通过实际的标准单元所需要的时间,在时序逻辑单元中反映为从时钟沿开始,到数据输出需要的时间.线延时:指由于导线阻容而导致的信号传播延时.DC综合库说明:目标工艺库:指RTL级的HDL描述到门级时所需要的标准单元综合库,包含物理信息的单元模型链接库:在由下而上的综合过程中,上一层的设计调用底层已经综合的模块时,从其中寻找并链接。
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Optimization
.tlf libraries
Netlist
CADENCE CONFIDENTIAL
Business Statistics
Conventional Synthesis
Cisco 3Com IBM Ericsson Lucent Philips Toshiba
ADI
HP
Fujitsu
CADENCE CONFIDENTIAL
Productive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R
• Verification Cockpit • NC Sim
RTL Development
Logic Synthesis, Datapath, Low Power
Physical Synthesis, Datapath, Low Power
Power Reduction
RTL Synthesis
Physical Synthesis Integrated Datapath, Low Power synthesis Placement, Clock-tree, Global routing,Timing Sign-off STA Closure Closure Static Timing Timing Pass 2 Pass 1 Analysis & Physical Synthesis
NEC
Sun
• Over 500 customers • More than 3000 active licenses worldwide
• Leading ASIC vendor support
AMI, Atmel, Chip Express, IBM, Kawasaki Steel, LSI, NEC, OKI, Toshiba, Faraday Technology, Lucent, Matsushita, VLSI Fujitsu, Mitsubishi,
Timing TimingClosure Closure & STA
• Integrated sign-off STA • Separate STA tool • < 3% Correlation • Multiple iterations • Early predictability • Unpredictable schedule • Integrated solution Timing Closure • SI analysis, repair ... Pass n • Fastest, proven Router • Complete Clock mgmt.
Place & Cross-Talk Power Clock Route Management Distribution Optimization, SignalAvoidance Integrity, P&R, Physical Implementation & Power Management, Clock-tree Physical Implementation &
Wireless, xDSL Graphics
Comde x CES DSLcon
CADENCE CONFIDENTIAL
Design Implementation Plan
RTL Logic Coding
Datapath Coding Mult., FIR filter源自RTL Development
Chip Integration
Chip Integration
Integration, Predictability, Excellent QoR
• Separate point tools • Signal, design integrity • Routing density, speed Time to Market • Clock skew
Logic Synthesis DataPath Synthesis
• Highest synthesis capacity, speed • Insufficient synthesis capacity, speed • Integrated single tool Datapath flow • Separate Datapath flow • Integrated, superior Power optimization • Inadequate power reduction
CADENCE CONFIDENTIAL
Productive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R
RTL Development
Logic Synthesis, Datapath, Low Power
Physical Synthesis, Datapath, Low Power
Ambit BuildGates
Datapath Option
gates, timing constraints, reports
What is it?
A logic synthesis tool Like conventional synthesis, with greater performance and capacity
Services: BG training course Adoption services
CADENCE CONFIDENTIAL
Integrated Chip Synthesis and STA
Block Synthesis
Separate Timing Tool
Ambit BuildGates
RTL synthesis TCL command Library mapping interface Scan test insertion Full-chip Sign-off timing engine
.lib libraries
• TCL - user interface
• SDF,GCF, PDEF • Sun, HP, IBM
LowPower Option RTL, gates, timing constraints, logical library Ambit BuildGates gates, timing constraints, reports
Datapath Option
What is it?
An option to Ambit BuildGates and PKS Enables less power consuming design
CADENCE CONFIDENTIAL
Productive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R
RTL Development
Logic Synthesis, Datapath, Low Power
Physical Synthesis, Datapath, Low Power
CADENCE CONFIDENTIAL
Productive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R
RTLRTL Logic Datapath Coding Coding Coding Mult., FIR filter Unified Control, Datapath
RTL Development RTL Development
Physical Implementation & Chip Integration Concept
• Separate point tools • Signal, design integrity • Routing density, speed Implementation • Clock skew
RTL Synthesis
Static Timing Timing Closure Timing Closure Pass 2 Pass 1 Analysis
...
Timing Closure Pass n
Timing Closure & STA
Place & Route Cross-Talk Power Clock Avoidance Management Distribution
Chip Synthesis Integrated Signoff Timing
Manual Constraints
Reduced Scripting, Iteration
Toshiba
TAEC Endorsement of Ambit BuildGates Static Timing Analysis in ASIC Design Flows
Logic Synthesis DataPath Synthesis Power Reduction
• Insufficient synthesis capacity, speed • Separate Datapath flow • Inadequate power reduction • Separate STA tool • Multiple iterations • Unpredictable schedule
Why is it Better?
Higher performance/capacity Superior QoR
Integrated Static Timing sign-off
Who is the Typical User?
Logic designers using ASIC or COT flows
Ambit BuildGates conventional synthesis