关于西方思想家卢梭的 英文传记 经典实用
Walden, or Life in the Woods
30. 这里指希腊神话故事中，冥土判官埃阿科斯 (Aeacus)说服宙斯将蚂蚁变成人，以补充一个王国 因瘟疫而死掉的人口。 31.在荷马史诗《伊里亚特》第3卷，特洛伊人被比 做仙鹤，与侏儒作战。另一说是，根据希腊寓言，侏 儒每年春季受到仙鹤攻击，被他们吞食掉。 32.dead reckoning:不依靠观察天象，仅按照航路 方向和航速来估计船的方位。 33.German Confederacy：意指伸斯麦 (Bismarck)于1871年建立统一的德意志帝国之前， 许多小王国于1815年维也纳大会上组成的松散无力 的德国联邦。
40. 19世纪争权夺利的西班牙贵族。 41. head in the newspaper:新闻题目。 42. the revolution of 1649: 指1649年克伦威尔 (Oliver Cromwell，1599-1658)领导的处决查理一 世、建立共和政体的17世纪英国资产阶级革命。 43 梭罗的意思是秀才不出门，便知天下事;另外，世界 上也没有什么值得关心的新鲜事儿，人生最重要的事就 是修身养性。
45. 梭罗认为，人们忙于钻营，积财致富，但思想没有什 么进步。 46. This; 指上文中的reality。超验主义的"现实"是精神 和灵魂的最高体现。超验主义者认为，一般人称为"现 实"的只是表面的、暂时的现象而已。本段是对梭罗的" 现实"观点的精辟说明。 47 梭罗津津乐道的题目之一是"儿时的天真"。他认为儿童 对生活真谛的领悟力比成年人强。他在本章末尾说，" 我一向感到遗憾的是，我不象降生时那样聪慧了。" 在 《与禽兽为邻》一章中，他又谈起"婴儿的纯真"他本人 终生保持着一颗赤子之心，因此他的一个传记家称他为 "永恒的稚子"。"小儿的天真"是19世纪欧美浪握主义思 想的一个中心内容。
Henry David Thoreau美国超验主义作家梭罗简介及《瓦尔登湖》赏析英文PPT课件.
• “美国还没有知道——至少不知道它失去了 多么伟大的一个国民。这似乎是一种罪恶， 使他的工作还没有做完就离开，而没有人能 替他完成；对于这样高贵的灵魂，又仿佛是 一种侮辱。他还没有真正给他的同辈看到他 是怎样一个人，就离开了人世。但至少他是 满足的。他的灵魂是应该和最高贵的灵魂作 伴的；他在短短的一生中学完了这世界上的 一切的才技；无论在什么地方，只要有学问 ，有道德的，爱美的人，一定都是他的忠实 读者。”
enjoy his or her life leisurely
Contents
• Economy • Complemental Verses • Where I Lived, and What I lived
For • Reading • Sounds • Solitude • Visitors • The Bean-field • The Village
“最好的政府一无所治；在人们准备好之前 ，那将是他们愿意拥有的那种政府。”
－－－梭罗
• “难道公民必得将良心交给立法者， 自己一分也不留？若此，则人有良心 何为？我认为我们首先必须是人，然 后再谈是不是被统治者。．．．则此 法律不值得尊重——去违反这样的法律 吧。．．．。如果一千个人今年拒绝 缴税，跟同意缴税相比，前者不算是 暴力与血腥的手段，因为缴税将可能 使国家使用暴力、且使无辜者流血。 事实上，这就是和平革命”（ peaceable revolution）。
---爱默生
Personal Interpretation to Walden
钮跃增
Preview
Published in 1854 Detailed description of his life and thoughts during his solitude beside
卢梭名言短句英文作文高级
卢梭名言短句英文作文高级英文回答：Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a philosopher, writer, and composer who is considered one of the most importantfigures of the Enlightenment. He was born in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1712 and died in Ermenonville, France, in 1778. Rousseau's writings had a profound impact on the development of modern political thought, education, and the arts.One of Rousseau's most famous quotes is "Man is born free, but he is everywhere in chains." This quote is fromhis book "The Social Contract," which was published in 1762. In this book, Rousseau argues that human beings are bornwith natural rights, including the right to freedom and equality. However, he also argues that these rights areoften violated by society.Another one of Rousseau's famous quotes is "The onlytrue freedom is the freedom to be who you are." This quote is from his book "Emile, or On Education," which was published in 1762. In this book, Rousseau argues that the goal of education should be to help children develop their natural talents and abilities. He believes that children should be allowed to learn at their own pace and in their own way.Rousseau's writings have had a lasting impact on the world. His ideas about freedom, equality, and education have inspired countless people throughout history. He is considered one of the most important thinkers of the Enlightenment, and his work continues to be studied and debated today.中文回答：卢梭的一句名言是“人生而自由，但无处不在枷锁之中”。
卢梭名言英文版
卢梭名言英文版1、如果流动，就流走；如果静止，就干涸；如果生长，就慢慢凋零，这个世界没有永恒。
lfitflows,itflowsaway;ifitstaysstill,itdriesup;ifitgrows,itslowl ywithers,a ndtheworldhas no eternity.2、生活本身没有任何价值，它的价值在于怎样使用它。
Lifeitselfhas no value」tsvalueliesi nhowtouseit.3、唯独在这些孤独和沉思默想的时刻，我才是真正的我，才是和我的天性相符的我，我才既无忧烦又无羁束。
On lyi nthesel on elya ndmeditativemome ntsca nlbetherealme,the on ethatisi naccorda ncewithm yn ature,a ndlamfreefromwor ryan drestrai nt.4、教育的最大的秘诀是：使身体锻炼和思想锻炼互相调剂。
Thegreatestsecretofeducatio nistomakephysicalexercisea n dideologicalexerciseadjusteachother.5、人类智力的发展都应该主要归功于欲望，而欲望能否被普遍满足要依靠智力的发展。
Thedevelopme ntofhuma nin tellige nceshouldbemai nlyattributedtodesire,a ndwhetherdesireca nbege nerallysatisfieddepe ndson thedevelopme ntofi ntellige nee.6、人类的进步史也就是人类的堕落史；而私有制的确立，是造成人类不平等及其后果的关键。
Thehistoryofhuma nprogressisalsothehistoryofhuma ndeg en erati on,an dtheestablishme ntofprivateow nershipisthekeytoh uma nin equalitya nditsc on seque nces.7、人只有在处于依赖状态的时候才是柔弱的，如果他无拘无束, 不依赖他人的话，他早就是很强壮的了。
社会契约论 英文版
社会契约论英文版（原创版）目录一、引言二、《社会契约论》的概述三、英文版《社会契约论》的内容四、结论正文一、引言《社会契约论》是法国思想家让 - 雅克·卢梭的一部重要著作，该书于 1762 年首次出版。
这部作品主张人类在国家形成之前处于自然状态，而在这种状态下，人们享有充分的自由。
然而，随着人类社会的发展，个人权利和自由逐渐受到侵害，因此需要通过社会契约的形式来建立一个保护人民权益的国家。
本文将重点探讨英文版《社会契约论》的内容。
二、《社会契约论》的概述在《社会契约论》中，卢梭主张人类天生自由、平等，并在自然状态下享有某些不可侵犯的权利。
然而，在人类社会中，这些权利往往会受到侵害，因此人们需要通过社会契约的形式来保护自己的权益。
社会契约是一种协议，通过这种协议，人们可以放弃一部分个人自由，以换取国家的保护。
三、英文版《社会契约论》的内容英文版《社会契约论》的内容与法文原版大致相同，书中主要讨论了以下几个方面：1.自然状态：卢梭认为，在自然状态下，人们享有绝对的自由和平等。
然而，这种状态并不稳定，因为人们可能会受到其他个体的威胁。
2.社会契约：为了解决自然状态下的问题，人们需要通过社会契约的形式来建立国家。
在社会契约中，人们需要放弃一部分个人自由，以换取国家的保护。
通过这种方式，人们可以形成一个共同体，并在其中享有平等的地位。
3.权利与义务：在社会契约中，人们不仅需要放弃部分个人自由，还需要承担一定的义务。
例如，人们需要遵守国家法律，以维护社会秩序。
同时，国家也有责任保护人民的权益，确保社会公平正义。
4.结论：卢梭认为，通过社会契约，人们可以建立一个保护人民权益的国家。
在这个国家中，人们享有平等的地位，并受到法律的保护。
四、结论英文版《社会契约论》是卢梭关于政治哲学的重要著作。
在这部作品中，卢梭提出了自然状态和社会契约的概念，并探讨了在社会契约下人们如何建立一个保护人民权益的国家。
卢梭英语经典名言
卢梭英语经典名言导读：本文是关于卢梭英语经典名言的文章，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享！1、你什么也舍不舍牺牲，结果你什么也得不到，由于你一心追逐你的欲念，结果你是永远也不能够满足你的欲念的。
You sacrifice nothing, and you get nothing. Because you pursue your desires with all your heart, you will never be able to satisfy your desires.2、大自然希望儿童在成人以前就要像儿童的样子。
Nature wants children to look like children before they become adults.3、异性友情的发展，就象双曲线，无限接近但永不触及。
The development of heterosexual friendship, like hyperbola, is infinitely close but never touched.4、如果你的目的只是想到某一个地方去，你当然可以坐驿车，但是，如果是为了游历，那就要步行了。
If you only want to go somewhere, you can certainly takea post-car, but if you want to travel, you have to walk.5、一目了然的拙劣谄媚绝不会出之于善意。
Flattery at a glance can never come from goodwill.6、人的价值是由自己决定。
The value of man is determined by himself.7、性格软弱，至多只能做到不犯罪恶，如果还要侈谈高尚的美德，那就是狂妄和大胆了。
Weak character, at most can only do not crime evil, if we want to talk about noble virtues, it is arrogant and bold.8、追得太凶，爱情就跑得快，甚至把对方仅剩的一点好感，也赶得无影无踪。
Olivertwist读书笔记读书心得（英文）（大全）
Olivertwist读书笔记读书心得（英文）（大全）第一篇：Oliver twist读书笔记读书心得(英文)（大全）Oliver twistThis report is written to Ms Millie of Class Four.Oliver Twist is written by Charles dickens.It is made up by 232 pages which are published by Guangming Daily Press.This masterpiece is the sixth edition since 2001.I chose it as the first reading novel this semester is just because one of my best friends said she was totally touched by plot.What’s more, Oliver Twis t is the first English novel published in the United States.Oliver Twist, our main character, was born into a life of poverty and misfortune since his mother’s death and his father’s unexplained absence.After many roundabout ways, Oliver ran away from London and finally restored to a life of happiness and health.As soon as Oliver Twist arrived in London, he was cheated by a bang of thieves whose leader is Fagin.They set him up, but Oliver was proved innocent and was served in Mr.Brownlow’s where Oliver live d freely for some months.It’s a book that depicting the old society in justified shoes.Dickens gives a truthful presentation of the sufferings of the poor and oppressed and make a bitter and complexedexposure of the terrible conditions, Charles Dickens makes him the most popular English novelist of the Victorian era at that time.After reading this masterpiece, I’m deeply impressed that how an orphan can still remain kind-hearted after suffering that much, such as hunger, thirst, abuse and so forth.Those charitable figures that Dickens created in the novel, such as Mrs.Maylie, are really what need in modern life.They should love and care to others, just as the gentle rain from the sky fell upon the earth,which was carved into my heart deeply, Goodness to human is what water to fish.So, my gracious peers, as the famous saying goes, “The fragrance always stays in hard that gives the rose, I sincerely urge that we can reach out our hands when someone is in need.I like the book as before, but frankly speaking, I was wondering some details should be more explicit.All in all, what I gain the most important is being kind and not giving up is the secret of surviving.I will pass on this novel to my gracious classmates since it deserves it.第二篇：论文olivertwistThe Unique Visual Angles of “Oliver Twist”Abstract: “Oliver Twist” vividly describes all kinds of vices of the 19th century’s Victoria Age and the living conditions of working people from the unique visual angles of workhouses and slums in East London District.The novel looks on life with children’s viewpoint and reflects reality in fairy tales pattern.Key words: unique visual angles;children;fairy tales《雾都孤儿》的独特视角摘要：《雾都孤儿》以济贫院和伦敦东区的贫民窟为独特的视角，生动地反映了十九世纪维多利亚盛世的伦敦的种种罪恶和劳动人民的生活状况；作品以儿童的眼光看待生活，用童话的模式反映现实社会。
卢梭1
卢梭生前遭人唾弃，死后却受人膜拜。卢梭被安 葬于巴黎先贤祠。1791年12月21日，国民公会投 票通过决议，给大革命的象征卢梭树立雕像，以 金字题词——“自由的奠基人”。卢梭的观念渗 入社会风气，成为时尚。年轻人模仿《爱弥儿》， 要做“居住在城里的野蛮人”。路易王太子也深 受《爱弥儿》的影响，按照卢梭的观点从小教育 他的儿子，学一门手工匠人的手艺。据说，这就 是路易十六那个著名的嗜好——业余锁匠的由来。
酷爱读书
Байду номын сангаас
卢梭1712年6月28日出生于瑞士日内瓦一个钟表匠的家庭。父亲是钟表匠， 技术精湛；母亲是牧师的女儿，颇为聪明，端庄贤淑。母亲因生他难产去世。他 一出生就失去了母爱，他是由父亲和姑妈抚养大的。比他大7岁的哥哥离家出走， 一去不返，始终没有音讯。这样，家里只剩下他一个孩子。卢梭懂事时，知道自 己是用母亲的生命换来的，他幼小的心灵十分悲伤，更加感到父亲的疼爱。他的 父亲嗜好读书，这种嗜好无疑也遗传给了他。卢梭的母亲遗留下不少小说，父亲 常常和他在晚饭后互相朗读。每读一卷，不一气读完是不肯罢休的，有时通宵达 旦地读，父亲听到早晨的燕雀叫了，才很难为情地说：“我们去睡吧，我简直比 你还孩子气呢。”在这种情况下，卢梭日复一日地读书，无形之中养成了读书的 习惯，渐渐充实并滋养了他年幼的心灵。7岁的卢梭就将家里的书籍遍览无余。 他还外出借书阅读，如勒苏厄尔著的《教会与帝国历史》、包许埃的《世界通史 讲话》、普鲁塔的《名人传》、那尼的《威尼斯历史》、莫里的几部剧本等等， 他都阅读过。由于这些历史人物的典范影响和他父亲的谆谆教诲，卢梭深深体会 到了自由思想和民主精神的可贵。他既有父亲的爱国血统，又以这些伟人为榜样， 甚至言行之间常把自己比作那些历史中的人物。有一天，他在桌旁叙说斯契瓦拉 的事迹，在座的人全都很惊讶地看到卢梭走上前去，把手放在熊熊燃烧的炉火之 上，来表演斯契瓦拉的英雄壮举。这种早熟早慧的表现，正是卢梭特有天资的最 初显露。
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Introduction :(1)Jean Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland, into a Protestant family of French refugees, and his mother died of puerperal fever shortly after his birth .(2)He was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-century Romanticism .His political philosophy heavily influenced the French Revolution, as well as the American Revolution and the overall development of modern political, sociological and educational thought.（1）让·雅克·卢梭出生在瑞士日内瓦的一个法国难民的新教家庭中，在他出生后不久，母亲死于产褥热。
(2)他是一个加尔文派的哲学家，18世纪浪漫主义的作家和作曲家。
他的政治哲学很大程度上影响了法国大革命和美国革命，从整体上影响了现代政治学、社会学和教育思想的发展。
Experience:(1)At about the age of twelve. Rousseau ended his formal education.(2)At the age of16 Rousseau left Geneva to travel. The next 20 years he spent traveling, studying, and adventuring.(3)His personal life was a mess, and there are some private foibles that many ordinary people can not accept.(4)From 1731 until 1740 Rousseau lived with Madame de Warens.(5)In 1741, he met Thérèse Le Vasseur, with whom he stayed for the rest of his life, never marrying her. They had five children whom Rousseau allegedly consigned to a foundling hospital. In The Confessions , Rousseau expressed his eternal and bitter regret.(6)In 1743-44 ,living in Paris ,he earned his living with secretarial work and musical copying.(7)He died of apoplexy on July 2, 1778. Rousseau…s remains were placed with V oltaire‟s in the Panthéon (先贤祠）in Paris in 1794.(1)在12岁的时候，卢梭结束了他的正式教育。
(2)16岁的卢梭离开日内瓦开始旅行。
在接下来的20年里，他主要是学习,旅游,冒险。
(3)他的个人生活一团糟,还有一些普通人不能接受的私人缺点。
(4)1731—1740年，卢梭与夫人德·华伦生活在一起。
(5)在1741年,他结识了特莱斯,并与她一起度过余生,但没有娶她。
按照卢梭的说法，他们有5个孩子，托付给了孤儿院。
在《忏悔录》中,卢梭表达了他永恒的、痛苦的遗憾。
(6)在1743 - 44年,他住在巴黎,通过做秘书的工作和抄写乐谱来谋生。
(7)1778年7月2日，他死于中风。
1794年，卢梭的遗体迁至于巴黎先贤祠，与伏尔泰在一起。
同他的最著名的政治小册子 — 社会契约论一样出名的还有他的教育哲学之作—爱弥儿。
一个最不可能的教育家——卢梭认为自己是一个二流的老师和没有价值的父亲,爱弥儿却被认为是继柏拉图的著作之后教育史上最重要的著作。
论述了艺术与科学学院《论科学与艺术》(“1749”)赢得了奖;认为在艺术和科学发展不完善Along with his most famous political tract, The Social Contract , Rousseau also contributed to educational philosophy, most notably in his Emile . An unlikely educator - Rousseau deemed himself a second-rate teacher and unworthy father ,Emile has nonetheless been described as "the most significant book on education after Plato's Republic"Discourse on the Arts and Sciences 《论科学与艺术》("1749") won the prize ; argued that the development of the arts and sciences did not improve man in habits and moral Discourse on the Origin of Inequality 《论人类不平等的起源和基础》("1755") he maintained that only the uncorrupted savage is in possession of real virtue. The cultivation of earth and invention of metallurgy led to the birth of work and property. Julie 《新爱洛伊斯》 ("1761") was an 18th-century best-seller. The Social Contract 《社会契约论》 ("1762") which starts with the famous declaration, "Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. One thinks himself the master of others, and still remains a greater slave than they." Its catchphrase 'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity‟, inspired the French Revolution. Emile: or, On Education 《爱弥儿》("1762") After its publication, Èmile was banned both in France and Switzerland. Èmile paved way for the liberal modern educational experiments. It stated that only through proper education in youth could the "natural man" come to being. Children should be kept from books until the age of 12 and youth should be taught "natural religion" only. Girls were to be trained solely as wives and mothers. Confessions 《忏悔录》("1788") was the first “romantic” autobiography. The book was part of his immersion into self-observation, also exemplified in Rousseau Judge of Jean-Jacques and the Reveries （梦想） .《论科学与艺术》("1749")获得了奖项。
其中，他认为：科学与艺术的进步并没有增进人们的习惯和道德。
《论人类不平等的起源和基础》("1755") 他坚持认为,只有未堕落的野蛮人是拥有真正的美德。
土地的耕种和冶金的发明导致了社会分工和财产权的产生。
《新爱洛伊斯》(“1761”)是18世纪的畅销书。
《社会契约论》(“1762”),开篇第一句就成了后来的名言：,“人是生而自由的,却无处不在枷锁之中。
自以为是他人的主人,却比他人更像是奴隶。
它的口号“自由、平等、博爱”,鼓舞了法国大革命。
《爱弥儿》(“1762”)出版之后,在法国和瑞士是禁止的。
爱弥儿为现代的自由教育实践奠定了基础。
它表示,只有在青年的时候接受适当的教育才能成长为一个“自然人”。
孩子应当在12岁之前远离书本，青年人只能接受“自然宗法”的教育。
女孩则只能被培养成妻子和母亲。
《忏悔录》(“1788”)是第一个“浪漫”的自传。
这本书是他潜心自我观察的一部分,是以对让·雅克·卢梭的批判和他的梦想为例的。