Business English
商务英语基础business english李琰
•客户来访见面问候及基本交谈用语 •出国拜访客户注意事项及基本用语
（各20句左右）
a
4
第三章：外贸术语
• 基本外贸专业术语，名词 • 邮件格式和国际习惯
a
5
第四章：公司产品英语表达
• 公司产品英语表达 • 电气性能参数英语表达
a
6
第五章 互动
接待国外客户情景演练
a
7
商务英语基础 Business English
Export Dept.： Lynn
a
1
商务英语基础
•
第一章：商务英语的概念
•
第二章：常用英语口语
•
第三章：外贸术语
•
第四章：公司产品英语表达
•
第五章：互动：情景演练
a
2
第一章：商务英语概念
商务英语是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的，内容涉及到商 务活动的方方面面。商务英语课程不只是简单地对学员的英文水平、 能力的提高，它更多地是向学员传授一种西方的企业管理理念、工 作心理，甚至是如何和外国人打交道，如何和他们合作、工作的方 式方法，以及他们的生活习惯等，从某种程度上说是包含在文化概 念里的。 Sales - Business
chapter 2 business english(商务英语)
Notes
• Corporate bond • a bond or security issued by corporations • 公司债券
• 公司债券亦为公司债，是私人公司 或公众公司举借债务时使用的工具。 由发行人根据发行契约发行，为债 券持有人的债权凭证，由发行人承 担还本付息的义务。公司债期限可 短至几天或长达百年。发行人在债 券契约中必须说明资金用途、财务 状况。另外公司债还具有不免税、 有固定发行面值、在交易所上市等 特征。债券的发行通常由评信机构 给予信用评定。
Chapter 2
American Economy 美国经济
What do you know about America?
Can you describe the economic base and industrial structure of America?
What is the current situation of the American economy?
23. Edge
缓慢地移动；挪动；优势
He edged closer to the telephone, ready to grab it. 他慢慢挪向电话机，准备抓起听筒。 He is edging ahead in the opinion polls. 他在民意测验中的支持率正一点点攀升。 Through superior production techniques they were able to gain the competitive edge. 凭借先进的生产技术，他们得以占据竞争优势。
Economic Terms
• 1 retail sales零售额(... the sales volumes and revenue for the retailers including retail shops) • 2 corporate fleets旗舰式公司；大公司
Business English 金融学词汇
Unit 1 Money New Words and expressions:attribute 属性，特性double coincidence of wants 需求的双重巧合acceptability 可接受性engrave 雕刻bronze 青铜amplify 放大，增强division 分工flexibility 灵活性exercise 使用，运用check 支票efficiency 效力saving deposite 储蓄存款purchasing power 购买力yardstick 尺度，标准apportion 分配bill 纸币substitute 代替，替换fluctuation 波动in discharge of 偿清principle 本金Notes1. checking account 支票账户2. saving deposits 储蓄存款3. currency 通货4. medium of exchange 交易媒介5. standard of value 价值尺度6. store of value 价值储藏7. standard of deferred payment 延期支付标准8. travelers check 旅行支票9. demand deposit 活期存款10. treasury bills 短期国债Unit 3 Determination of Interest Rate Movement New words and expressions:adjust 调整macroeconomic control 宏观经济调控monetary policy 货币政策elaborate 详细描述item 项目installment 分期付款inverse 相反的afford 足以，负担得起repayment 偿还，付还outweigh 超过return 汇报favorable 有利的insensitive 不敏感的generate 使发生，产生inflow 流入reward 报酬，奖赏postpone 暂缓，延期corresponding 相当的，对称的intermediary 中介的，中间人Notes1. macroeconomic control 宏观经济调控2. saving and investment theory 储蓄投资理论3. liquidity preference theory 流动行偏好理论4. loanable funds theory 可贷资金理论5. demand for loanable funds 可贷资金的需求6. net present value(NPV) 净现值7. account receivables 应收账款8. supply of loanable funds 可贷资金的供给9. reserves 法定存款准备金10. depository institutions 存款机构Unit 4 Balance of Payments New words and expressios:resident 居民citizenship 公民principle 原则current account 经常账户entry （写进账本的）项目remittance 汇款capital account 资本账户draw on 提取error 错误omission 遗漏subsidiary 所有权owenership 所有权debit 借记credit 贷记render 移交，交出distillery 制酒厂creditorship 债权债务关系asset 资产liability 债务artificially 人为地pension 养老金the rest of something 其他的部分deficit 逆差surplus 顺差outflow 流出Notes1. balance of payments 国际收支平衡表2. double-entry system 复式记账原理3. unilateral transfer 单方面转移4. bookkeeping 簿记5. portfolio investement 投资债券6. convertible currency 可兑换通货Unit 5 Basic Theories of Balance of Payment New words and experssions;elasticity 弹性approach 方法，理论responsive 响应的，做出响应的coefficient （数）系数retard 延迟，阻止，妨碍plot 划，划分due to 因为curve 曲线temporary 暂时的，临时的perverse 相反的，不正当的in the long run 从长期看in the short run 从短期看substitute 代替品alter 改变absorption 吸收output 产出expenditure 支出，花费consist of 由...组成consumption 消费consume 消费exceed 超出，超过，多于dominant 占优势的，有统治权的，支配的focus on 集中premise 前提disequilibrium 失衡determinant 决定因素assumption 假定，设想aggregate 合计的，总计的，集合的。
Lesson 1 Business English
Self-Introduction
Department
技术部:
Department of Technologies
研发部： Department of Research and Development 财会部： Department of Accounting Department of Marketing Department of Sales
保安部：
总务：
Security主任:
副主管/主任： 经理：
director/supervisor/chief/head
vice director
manager
foreman/forelady operator
组长：
操作员： 职员：
staff
clerk assistant
4. Offering
• Let me get you a coffee. • Would you like a coffee? • Let me take your coat.
5. Small talk topics-Travel
• • • • • How’s your flight? How do you like our city? Is this your first visit to…? Did you have a good trip/journey? Was it easy to find here?
市场部：
销售部： 人事部：
Department of Human Resources
Department of Customer Services Department of Production
客户服务部：
BusinessEnglish复习题
Business-English复习题General Review for Business EnglishI. Scope of Final Examination.The scope of the final examination for the course Business English will cover Units 1 through 13, including the listening, speaking (Dialogue 1), reading, and writing tasks of each unit. You need review the text of each unit while preparing for the final. The content of the final examination includes six parts: true/force questions (10%), fast reading (10%), the best choice (20%), translations (20%), reading and comprehension (20%), and English writing (20%). For the part of translations (including English-to-Chinese and Chinese-to-English), you need memorize the frequently used business terms, especially the title of each unit, and understand the sentences for business situation conversation in the s ection “Language Focus” of each unit. For the part of English writing, like what you have done in the assignments, you should be able to write a business letter or a memo in the standard format on the basis of given information. The following questions or guidelines (III, IV & IV) may be useful for you to prepare for the final.II. Time and date for the Final Examination.The time length of the final examination is two hours (120 minutes). Please check the OA frequently for the date of the final.III. Vocabulary & Frequently used terms.Review the vocabulary section of each unit, and pay attention to the frequently used terms that I have lectured at the beginning of each unit.IV. Questions for main concepts and ideas(Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing Tasks)1.What do you know about foreign trade or international business?Unit 1 Applying for a Job.1. Can you give some tips as advice for job interview? (p.6-8)2.Why do you need to do some research before an interview? (p.6-7)3.What is meant by good interview etiquette? (p.7)4.Why is it necessary for a job candidate to prepare some questions? (p.7)5.What are three ways to contact the company you are applying for? (p.1)6.What should be included in your application package when you are applyingfor a job? (p.8)7.What content should be contained in your application letter? (p.9-10)Unit 2 Companies8.When describing a company, what information should be provided?-- Company’s nameTime for establishmentSize and locationMain business activitiesMain customersThe annual sales over the past three yearsOther necessary information9.Familiar with general organization chart of a company. (p.42)10.What are basic steps for you to prepare a business report (or yourthesis)?(p.30-31)11.How to organize your business reports? (p.31)Unit 3 Business Calls12.What should you do first when you make a business call? (p.45)13.What are general business telephone manners and etiquette? (p.48-50)14.What are the purposes of memos?(p.51)15.What is the general format of a memo? (p.51)16.With given information, how are you going to write a memo? (p.52-55)Unit 4 Business Travel17.Do you know how to book a ticket through telephone or internet?(p.64-65)18.Before making a business travel, what preparations should be made?(p.64)19.What should you be aware of while checking in an internationalairport?(p.65-66)20.What does an itinerary generally include?Unit 5 Business Meetings21.How to chair a meeting? (p.82-85)22.Why have meeting times and places become more complicated?(p.81)23.How are meetings changed by information technology? (p.81)24.What should we do to effectively prepare a meeting? (p.86-88)25.What is a meeting agenda? (p.88-89)26.Why is a written agenda used for a meeting?27.What items are included in an agenda? / Do you know the structure of anagenda? (p.89)28.What is the format of minutes of a meeting? (p.89-90)Unit 6 Business Presentation29.What is a presentation? (p.109)30.What should a presentation generally consist? / What does an effectivepresentation structure include? (p.112)31.How to give an effective business presentation?(p.109-111)32.How do you make an effective beginning of an oral presentation? (p.104)33.How to describe the sales activities of a company?(p.105-106)Unit 7 Establishing Business Relations34.How to find the prospective international clients? (p.124)35.Why is it important for international business people to understand businessetiquette? (p.128-129)36.Can you give some examples of improper business etiquette? (p.136-137)37.What does business etiquette revolve around? (p.128)Unit 8 Enquiries and Offers38.Do you know the following terms of enquiry, offer, a firm offer, counter offer,quote, CIF, FOB, commission, terms of payment, letter of credit, offer without engagement, terms and conditions, an indication of price, a trial order, an exact market, a repeat order? (p.160-161)39.Do you know some foreign currencies?40.How to quote a price for your product?(p.143)41.What are trade terms or price terms? (p.143)42.What does a price term comprise? (p.143)43.Do you think it is important for international business people to take crosscultural negotiation training? Why or why not?(p.146-148)Unit 9 Negotiating the Price44.When negotiating the price of a product, what are the key elements to beconsidered? （p.163-165）45.How should the seller defend the price? (p.166-167)Unit 10 Terms of Payment46.Do you know the main modes of payment in international trade? (p.180,p.321-322)47.What are advantages and disadvantages of documentary collection for aseller or a buyer? (p.181-184, p.321-322)48.What is the letter of credit? (p.180-181, p321-322)Unit 11 Packing and Shipping49.Why should commodities be packed? (p.202)50.What are the main types of packing? (p.203)51.How to negotiate the terms of shipment? (p.205-206)52.What are the main modes of shipment? (p.207-208)53.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each mode? (p.207-208)54.What are shipping instruction and shipping advice? (p.208-209)Unit 12 Complaints and Adjustments55.What may cause customers to make complaints? (p.223)56.What are used as evidence when making a claim? (p.223)57.Do you know some common causes for complaints and claims ininternational trade? (p.241)58.Do you know how to write letters of complaints and adjustments?(p.230-231)Unit 13 Marketing and Sales59.What is the difference between marketing and sales? (p. 343)60.What is the marketing mix? (p.248-250)61.What are referred to as the four "P’s" of marketing?（248-250）Unit 1462.How do you understand the term “globalization?63.What is a typical heading for a fax?Unit 1564.What is E-commerce? How does it work?65.What are the benefits of E-commerce?66.What’s the difference between E-commerce and E-business?67.Do you know how to write an E-mail?V. WritingsUnit 1Curriculum Vitae (CV)An account of a person’s qualifications, inte rests and work experience, usually sent with an application for a job. The proper way to design a CV is to present the best image of yourself in accordance with the job requirements. Generally speaking, a CV should have no more than two pages. There are several standard CV formats. The most popular format usually contains the following components.1)Basic Personal Information2)Job Objective3)Education4)Work Experience5)Social Practice / Extracurricular Activities6)Hobbies and InterestsApplication Letter (Cover Letter)A letter with a document or goods explaining the contents. Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify your most relevant skills or experiences. They normally contain faro parts in which you should:1) confirm that you wish to apply and say where you learned abort the job;2) say why you are interested in the position and relate your interest;3) show that you can contribute to the job by high lighting your most relevant skills and experience;4)indicate your wiliness to attend an interview.Unit 2Business ReportA business report conveys information to assist in decision-making. Some reports might present the actual solution to solve a business problem; otherreport might record historical information that will be useful to assist in future decision making. Here are some basic steps for you to follow when writing a business report.1) Planning the writing2) Organizing the report into sections3) RevisionUnit 3Memo (Memorandum)A brief record written as an aid to the memory. It is used to describe the standard format of internal communication, which an organization uses for its own staff.Memos usually serve the following purposes:●Give instructions or notify events which have occurred;●Seek information;●Offer ideas and suggestions.The heading segment follows this general format:TO:FROM:DATE:SUBJECT:Unit 4ItineraryAn account or record of a journey or proposed route of a journey. It is usually to be made, including the time to set out and return, the route of visit, the dwelling place, the main contents of visit, etc.Such an itinerary generally includes:●title;●time;●place;●contents of activities.Unit 5Meeting AgendaMeeting Agendas are a significant list that helps the chairperson to structure the meeting and the secretary or minute-taker to keep track of what is being discussed.Agendas may vary in form. However, they should follow a structure and list standard items:●welcome any special visitors●apologies for absence●special event●confirmation of minutes of the previous meeting●business arising out of minutes●correspondence sent and received●reports●adjourned business●general business●any other business●close of meetingMinutesMinutes of a meeting are the agreed record of discussion and decision made. The purpose of minute is to record permanently the proceedings of a meeting, as well as to provide a basis for action.Unit 6PresentationA presentation, in the broadest sense, is every encounter you have withevery person you ever meet. More specifically, however, whenever you are asked to appear in front of one or more people for the purpose of explaining, educating, convincing, or otherwise conveying information to them, you have a presentation.Structuring a well-organized presentation is your key to success.An effective presentation structure includes(1) an effective opening,(2) a preview of the main points,(3) clearly demarcated main points, and(4) an effective closing.Unit7Letters for Establishing Business RelationsIn writing such a letter, the following contents should be included:●The purpose of your letter;●The nature of your company’s business: agent,exporter, importer ormanufacturer;●The business scope of your company and also the branches and liaisonoffices, if any;●The reference as to your company’s financial position and integrity;●As an exporter, you should describe emphatically the quality of yourproducts;●If available, a brief introduction to your company, catalogue, price lists,etc. should be enclosed.●As an importer, what commodities you want to buy and sell and yoursales potential as well;Unit 8EnquiriesAn enquire is a letter you write to try to ask for more informationconcerning a product, service or other information about a product or service that interests you.When making an enquiry, keep it brief, specific, clear and to the point.For a first enquiry, the following information should be included:● A brief mention of how you obtained your potential supplier’s name;●Some information of the demand in your area for the goods;●Details of what you want to know, such as a catalogue, price list, asample, a quotation, and so on.OffersAn offer is a letter you respond to enquiries from potential customers.The best impression will be made by providing the materials or information the perspective client has asked for. This positive impression will be proved by a well written response.Unit 9Counter-offer Letters 还盘信A counter-offer letter is a letter when a buyer refuses to accept all or part of the terms and conditions made by the seller, and in the letter, the buyer will state his own terms and conditions to the seller. A counter-offer is really a new offer.A satisfactory letter of a counter-offer should cover the following points:●Express the buyer’s thanks to the seller for the offer;●Express regret at the buyer’s inability to accept;●Make a counter-offer if it is appropriate;●Express hopes of mutually beneficial business cooperation.Unit 11Shipping Advice (装船通知单)A shipping advice is what the exporter notifies their dispatch to the importer before or after effecting shipment. In case of CFR transaction, a shipping adviceis also necessary for the importer to cover insurance of their goods.A shipping advice usually includes the following information➢The name of the ship used to dispatch the goods;➢The date and number of bill of lading;➢The name of the shipping port/loading port;➢The estimate time of departure;➢The estimate time of arrival;➢The packing conditions;➢Other information as delay of shipment, transshipment or change of L/C;➢Thanks for patronage.Unit 12Complaint LetterA complaint letter requests some sort of compensation for defective or damaged merchandise or for inadequate or delayed services. The essential rule in writing a complaint letter is to maintain your poise and diplomacy.In the letter you should:●Identify early the reason you are writing;●State exactly what compensation you desire;●Provide a fully detailed narrative or description of the problem;●Explain why your request should be granted;●Suggest why it is in the recipient’s best interest to grant your request.Adjustment LetterAn adjustment letter is a reply to complaint letter. It must be handled carefully when the requested compensation cannot be granted.Some suggestions:➢Begin with a reference to the date of the original letter of complaint and to the purpose of your letter;➢Express your concern over the writer’s troubles and your appreciation thathe has written;➢Explain why you deny the request cordially;➢Try to offer some partial or substitute compensation or advice;Conclude the letter cordially.Unit 13Sales LettersA sales letter is a marketing tool that can build your client base and increase your sales. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of sales letters.●The extended letter, together with supporting literature, brochures,order forms and return envelopes;●The one you write to individual.When you write a sales letter, the AIDA factors should be included:● A – attention;●I -- interest;● D – decision;● A – action.Unit 14FaxFax is a form of external communication and has become a well-established and widely used means of communication in the business world today. There is no unified format for faxes. A typical heading for a fax is shown below: FAX MESSAGETo:Attention:Fax No.:From:Company:Fax No.:Date:Subject:No. of Pages:Unit15E-mailE-mail is the system for using computers to send messages over the Internet.The guidelines for writing business E-mails:●Give the message a subject / title;●Keep the subject short and clear;●Start the message with a greeting;●Watch the length of the paragraph;●Keep the message concise and short;●Start the first paragraph with a clear indication of what the message isabout;●When replying, quote excerpts;●End the message in a polite way;●Put your name at the end;VI. Steps of import / export trade (for reference)Any import / export transaction may start from Market Research and afterwards there follow the establishment of business connections, inquiries, offers (or replies to inquiry), orders, payment by buyer (or importer) and delivery of goods by seller (or exporter), and completion of the transaction.Varied and complicated procedures have to be gone through in the course of the transaction. We illustrate below the general course taken in an import/export transaction.1)Market Research 市场调研exporter → Market research ← importer2)Seeking Counterpart in import/export trade 寻找进出口贸易客户(1) exporter → for importe r( or buyer)(2) importer → for exporter (or supplier)3)Contact; Inquiry 建立联系；询盘→ importer4)Inquiry of Standing or Financial Integrity 询问资信情况(1)↓credit report↓exporter(2)↓credit report↓importer5)Quotation (or Offers); Counter Offers; Acceptance or Non-acceptance 报盘；还盘；接受或不接受(1)→ importe r(2)exporter ← counter offers → importer(3)→ importer6)Order (or Indent); Contract 订货；合同(1)→ importer(2)importer → order → exporter7)Obtaining Import License; Opening Letter of Credit; Receiving Letter ofCredit 获得进口许可；开立信用证；收到信用证(1)importer → import license application ← granting(2)importer → foreign exchange bank → opening L/C(3)foreign exchange bank → advising bank → exporter (opening bank)(4)exporter → receiving letter of credit8)Preparation of Goods 备货exporter9)Obtaining Export License 获得出口许可(1)→ authorities(2)10)Inspection or Survey of Commodity 商品检验(1)→ authorities(2)→ exporter11)Reservation of Shipping Space 订舱位(1)(2)→ shipping order (S/O) → exporter 12)Insurance Cover 投保(1)exporter → →(2)→exporter13)Customs Clearing and Loading 结关与装船(1) exporter → → documents → customs house(2) customs house → → wharf→loading → goods → mates receipt → shipping agent → s hippingcompany → bill of lading (B/L)14)Consular Invoice; Shipping Advice 领事发票；装运通知(1)exporter → → consulate → consularinvoice(2)exporter → shipping advice → importer15)Negotiation of Export Document under L/C 按信用证议付出口单据(1) exporter →→→ payment for goods shipped16)Redemption of Documents under L/C 按信用证赎回单据(1)imp→ shipping documents → importer17)Customs Clearing of Imports: Delivery of Goods 进口商品结关；交货(1)(2)→→ → → imported goods → importer18)Claim for Losses 索赔importer → exporter→ shipping company→ insurance compa ny。
商务英语用英语怎么说
商务英语用英语怎么说商务英语的英文表达：business English。
例句：Then my journey of learning business English took off! 从此商务英语的学习之路展开了序幕。
参考例句：I wish I knew more abut business English.我真希望我多知道些商务英语。
1. Then my journey of learning business English took off!从此商务英语的学习之路展开了序幕。
2. This is a very useful question for business English. Most people like to tell you about their company and this is a good way to start the conversation.这是一个很有用的商务英语问题，大多数人喜欢向你介绍他们的公司，而这是一个打开话题的很好的方式。
business是什么意思：n. 商业，交易，生意；公司，商店；事情；职责Be engaged in; be Busy in从事于to sit for business因公滞留As Busy as a bee(象蜜蜂)忙忙碌碌的Monkey Business耍些骗人的把戏、捣鬼depressed business不景气的生意english是什么意思：n. 英语；英格兰人adj. 英格兰的；英格兰人的；英国的；英国人的；英语的A degree in English does not qualify you to teach English.你的英语程度教书不够格。
John tutored the child in English.约翰辅导那孩子学英语。
His knowledge of English is fair.他的英语水平尚可。
商务英语 Business English
Free from Par ticular Averag e , With Partic ular Average, All Risks.
FOB（free on board）,CIF （cost,insura nce and freig ht），CFR （cost and fre ight）.
M/T（mail transf er）、T/T（teleg raphic transfer）、 D/D（demand dr aft）、D/P（doc uments against p aym ent） 、 D/A （documents aga i n st acce pt a nc e，）、L/C（lett er of credit）.
People or Organizations Engaged in Business:
Company, firm, enterprise, joint-venture, corporation, individual company, collective factory, private company, conglomerate ，m anager, merchant, salesman, businessman;
Business English
What does business English refer to you?
What do you want from our business English course?
characteristics of business english
Nick Brieger（1997）, the professor of business English, believes that business English should incl-ude language kno wledge、communication skills、professional content、man agement skills and cultu- ral awareness, etc. Since it is one o f the brunches of English language and serves as ESP ( Engl ish for Specific Purpose), business English has the comm-o n traits of common English as well as its unique c-haracteris tics in its vocabulary, formality, concrete language and conc ise sentences.
Business English 商务英语
商英 外部 系统
哲学 思维 系统
语言 符号 系统
社会 文化 系统
哲 学
逻 辑 学
思 维 科 学
语 言 学
符号 应用 学 （语 用学）
文 体 学
教 育 学
社 会 学
经 济 学
化交 际学
心 理 学
现代 教育 技术 学
应用 语言 学
商务 英语 文体 对比
2. Current BE Situation and its trend （1）BE teaching; （2）BE research; （3）BE certificate examination （4）BE development trend
(1) BE teaching
At home : BE has been officially approved to be a speciality in this country; code number: 050258,(original code number: 050249S.) 32 universities have been officially approved to offer undergraduate BE courses; About 800 universities offer courses of BE orientation; More than 2,000 universities and colleges offer business English courses. Abroad: Business Schools offer courses such as business communication, SBE courses.
商务英语教学问题：
商务英语写作An Overview of Business English
Directions: Revising Box
Does my writing include every element of a business letter? Am I clear about my writing purpose? Have I made effective use of layout and white space in the letter? Have I sorted out the facts appropriately? Have I organized the content logically? Have I written it concisely and politely? Have I checked everything including grammar, punctuation and spelling?
3. What are the business writing procedures?
Five-steps
1) Preparing Objective, Reader, Main points 2) Formatting Layout of the document 3) Organizing Gathering information, sorting details, and making outlines.
Example
Dear Sirs, we are sorry you have misunderstood us. (×) Dears Sirs, we are sorry we didn’t make ourselves clear. (√) We cannot understand why you have had trouble with these articles. (×) We presume that there must be some reasons for you having trouble with these articles. (√)
商务英语(Business English)
1、情景对话
How do you do?
你好。（只限于初次见面时使用。）
How do you do?
你好。（只限于初次见面时使用。本句是对上句的回答。）
Pleased to meet you.
见到你很高兴。
Pleased to meet you, too.
见到你，我也很高兴。
How are you?
customs tariff关税税率
term of trade贸易条件
trade agreement贸易协定
commercial treaty贸易条约
3、其他
the Olympic Games奥林匹克运动会
2001年7月16日
（十）
1、情景对话
Could you give me a discount?
星期四早晨呢？
Yes, that’s fine.
有空。
2、商务术语
establish regular trade relations建立经常贸易关系
balance of trade贸易差额
volume of trade = turnover贸易额
law of trade贸易法
2001年6月18日
（六）
可以打折吗？
It depends on the size of the order.
这取决于你的订购数量。
If I buy 50 units, will you give me a discount?
如果买五十台，可以打折吗？
I’ll give you a 20% discount if you buy 200.
We employ 2,000 people.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Boeing Company's plane 777. Company' 132,500 major component parts that are produced around the world by 545 suppliers. smaller firms global product fromal and infromal barriers
My requests score :60% × fianal examination + 25% × mid examination +15% performance (presence every time; answersing questions ;exercise; group discussion/presentation) absent from this class one time : 5% Three times lose 15% lose
Vocabulary 1 Barrier ——trade barrier; Provisional ——temporary Multilateral ——多边的 Senate 参议院
tariff barrier
Main part of the agreement Tariffs not to increase Quotas abolish Most favoured nation Trade blocs EC European Communities EU Europe Union EFTA European Free Trade Association
Are there no differences among national markets now? significant differences still exist in distribution channels, culturally embedded value systems, and so on. marketing strategies ,product features, and operating practices
Three main purposes (objectives) sentence2 Line5-13 P4 sentence3 line 8-11 P7 to help trade flow as freely as possible, to achieve further tolerance and generosity among trade nations gradually through negotiation to set up an impartial means for settling trade disputes.
Retaliation: Antidumping and countervailing measures. Less than fair value, subsidy/ bounty Hurt domestic industry/ emergeing industry
Principles of WTO Without discrimination Freer Predictable More competitive And more beneficial for less developed countries
Implication for the Globalization for Production Containerization-transportation cost declines Containerization Technological innovations Satellite , internet, terminal , mainframe computers, fax , telephone, email, video conference, conference,jet aircraft
Business English
Why should we learn BE? A bridge foreigner What can we learn in this class? contents How exam will take? Is it easy? Vocabulary & phrase Ture or false Translation —English to Chinese and C to E Answer questions
Two Main Components of Globalization the globalization of market and the globalizatin of production Definition of globalization of market Refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into the huge global marketplace.
To be a member of WTO applicant must go through a lengthy negociation with existing members and carry out painful reform to reduce trade barrier.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1.2 Globalizatioon
1.1
WTO
1944 Bretton Woods Conference : overlord the World Bank ——WB the International Monetary Fund—— IMF International Trade Organization—— ITO (Charter) ( Havana Charter ) what are included in ITO?
If one firm moves into a new nation/market, what will his rivals do? its rivals will follow lest their competitor gain an advantage. only the global market
north south dialogue Better price of product freer access to markets little progree has been made.
Vocabulary 2 Intellectual property 知识产权 Signatory 签约方 Privilege 特权 Preference 优惠
cost of information processing and communication falls down
globally dispersed production system.
Vocabulary 3 Tarrif, quota, embargo, boycott 关税,配额,禁运,联合抵制(抵制外国货 ) Side effect 副作用 Impartial 公正的 protectionism (贸易)保护主义
Five stages in resolution of disputes 1 Consultation among violating member, injured member and interested thirdparties磋商 2 Panel to investigate and report专家组程 序 3 Seven-member "Appellate Body"上诉程序 4 Decision made by Dispute Settlement Body裁决 5 Implementation :执行监督 voluntary, compensation, retaliation The other choice(alternative):
Subsequent creation: GATT 1947 ——General Agreement on Tarrifs and Trade Sentence 1 line 8-16 p5 reducing barriers to the international trade Kennedy Round Uruguay Round
Definition of The globalization of production refers to the tendency among firms to source goods and services from different locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production(such as labor, energy, land, and capital).
Big firms like Citicorp, Coca Cola, McDonald's, McDonald' Sony are both benefactors and facilitators of this trend What about small companies? companies? The same both benefit and benefit from
WTO What is WTO? Rule : international trade of goods, services, capital, intellectual property and technology. Organization: carry out these rules, develop new rules, and settle disputes(resolve trade conflicts). WTO agreements are the core of WTO