introduction[1]
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英语写作第一节课introduction
18
Comparing some terms
―subject‖, ―topic‖ and ―title‖
19
―subject‖, ―topic‖ and ―title‖
• Subject: is the thing, person, idea or event that is being discussed, written about, or considered. e.g. the subject of a discussion, letter, book • Topic: The topic is a particular subject that is written about or discussed. • Title: The title of a book, play, piece of music is the name given to it by the person who wrote it or composed it, or the name by which it is usually known.
Choose which are subjects and topics? sports, foreign students in U.S Universities, what makes a champion soccer player, education, why I play soccer, my first trip abroad, open classrooms and traditional classrooms, one tour in the USA, world travel, music in elementary school
It moves down and up conforming to the Writing task Meanwhile, her double chin is her rhythm. another great feature, which seems to give her voice more power. Above all, you can see what an extraordinary woman she is, so can you guess who she is?
英语论文分析学习 第1节 introduction
What Is an Introduction?
What questions will readers ask when reading an essay: 1. What topic am I going to learn about? 2. Why is that topic important? 3. Do I know the topic already? What do I know already? An introduction aims to answer these 3 questions.
Contents of an introduction
Example:
"Numerous studies on the utilization of plant proteins as a partial or complete replacement for fish meal in diets have been conducted using various freshwater and marines fishes (Lovell, 1987; Tacon et al., 1983; Murai et al., 1989a; Cowey et al., 1974).
Contents of an introduction
Q: What are the ways to establish a topic? A: Claiming centrality General to specific Previous research Describing of the background Definition of key words
[英语学习]unit-1-Introduction
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7.publishing in Denmark 丹麦出版业 • 8.Publishing is flourishing. 出版事业繁荣发
展。
• a Panorama of Publishing 出版业概况 • book industry 图书出版业 • book community 书业团体
Questions on part 1
• 1 [+ obj] : to prepare and produce (a book, magazine, etc.) for sale ▪ It's a small company that only publishes about four books a year. ▪ The university press publishes academic titles. ▪ The newspaper is published daily. 2 : to have something you wrote included in a book, magazine, newspaper, etc. [no obj] ▪ There is a lot of pressure for professors to publish regularly. [+ obj] ▪ He has not published anything for a long time. 3 [+ obj] : to include (an article, letter, photograph, etc.) in a magazine or newspaper ▪ The magazine published two of my stories.
3. intriguing
展。
• a Panorama of Publishing 出版业概况 • book industry 图书出版业 • book community 书业团体
Questions on part 1
• 1 [+ obj] : to prepare and produce (a book, magazine, etc.) for sale ▪ It's a small company that only publishes about four books a year. ▪ The university press publishes academic titles. ▪ The newspaper is published daily. 2 : to have something you wrote included in a book, magazine, newspaper, etc. [no obj] ▪ There is a lot of pressure for professors to publish regularly. [+ obj] ▪ He has not published anything for a long time. 3 [+ obj] : to include (an article, letter, photograph, etc.) in a magazine or newspaper ▪ The magazine published two of my stories.
3. intriguing
1 Introduction语言与文化导论
about firewood.
留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
Differences between Chinese and English
• Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down
a hill and up again, by little shops and meat markets, past singlestoried homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.
means not only such material things as cities, organizations and schools, but also non-material things such as ideas, customs, family patterns, languages. Putting it simply, culture refers to the entire way of life of a society, the ways of a people. (Deng & Liu, 1989: 3)
• “西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性；中国语法是软的，富有弹性。 所以
中国语法以达意为主”，“英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人写 文章往往化整为零。”（王力）
Differences between Chinese and English
• 英语的句子结构十分严谨，无论多长的句子也只有一个主句，
一个从句或若干从句，一环套一环。主句与从句之间，从句与 从句之间必须有连词，关系代词或关系副词联结。
Differences between Chinese and English
留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
Differences between Chinese and English
• Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down
a hill and up again, by little shops and meat markets, past singlestoried homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.
means not only such material things as cities, organizations and schools, but also non-material things such as ideas, customs, family patterns, languages. Putting it simply, culture refers to the entire way of life of a society, the ways of a people. (Deng & Liu, 1989: 3)
• “西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性；中国语法是软的，富有弹性。 所以
中国语法以达意为主”，“英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人写 文章往往化整为零。”（王力）
Differences between Chinese and English
• 英语的句子结构十分严谨，无论多长的句子也只有一个主句，
一个从句或若干从句，一环套一环。主句与从句之间，从句与 从句之间必须有连词，关系代词或关系副词联结。
Differences between Chinese and English
跨文化交际 1 Introduction
Discuss what communication is
a) Activity: Discuss what the communication is and its significance and function.
b) Definition of communication
1. Communication, the basis of all human contact, occurs anywhere there are human beings. 2. In its most general sense, communication refers to the share or exchange of information, ideas, feelings and so on. Put simply, it means getting across our ideas, views, feelings, emotions, etc.
We are now in a quite different world from before, which is sometimes referred to as a global village. This globalization is mainly due to the rapid development of science and technology in the areas of transportation and communication systems. It naturally follows that intercultural contact has become more frequent, more abundant and, therefore, more significant than ever before.
unit_1_introduction[1]
![unit_1_introduction[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/5a44843a10661ed9ad51f372.png)
1.1 Text(2)
• According to the information direction transmitted in channel, modern communication systems can be divided into the simplex communication systems, half-duplex communication systems, and full-duplex communication systems; • According to the number of information communicating approaches, modern communication systems can be divided into the serial communication systems and the parallel communication systems; • According to the control methods of information transmitted in channels, modern communication systems can be divided into the synchronous communication systems and the asynchronous communication systems; • According to the line connecting modes and signal interacting ways between signal source and destination, modern systems can be divided into point-to-point communication systems, one-to-multi-points communication systems and multi-to-multi-points communication systems.
1Introduction
主要内容 (Outline)• 绪论小规模集成电路三（SSI）• 逻辑函数基础 门电路个• 组合逻辑电路模 块中规模集成电路 （MSI）• 集成触发器 • 时序逻辑电路大规模集成电路 • 半导体存储器（LSI）• 数模、模数转换电路绪论 (Introduction)一、数字(digital)信号和模拟(analog)信号 数字量和模拟量 数字电路和模拟电路二、数字信号相关概念 二进制数 Binary Digits 数字信号的逻辑电平 Logic Levels 数字信号波形 Digital Waveforms一、Digital Signal and Analog Signal Digital and Analog Quantities电子 电路 中的 信号模拟信号: 连续analogue signal value数字信号: 离散digital signal valuetime time模拟信号T( C) 30采样信号T( C)sampled3025离散化 2520202 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 t (h)A.M.P.M.2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 t (h)A.M.P.M.数字化－表示 为由0、1组成 的二进制码Analog Electronic SystemDigital and Analog Electronic System★ 工作在模拟信号下的电子电路是模拟电路。
研究模拟电路时，注重电路输入、输出信号 间的大小、相位关系。
包括交直流放大器、 滤波器、信号发生器等。
★ 模拟电路中，晶体管一般工作在放大状态。
★ 工作在数字信号下的电子电路是数字电路。
研究数字电路时，注重电路输出、输入间的逻 辑关系。
主要的分析工具是逻辑代数，电路的 功能用真值表、逻辑表达式或波形图表示。
★ 在数字电路中，三极管工作在开关状态， 即工作在饱和状态或截止状态。
情景英语1(introduction)
Scene 1: You are the new comer to the office. You meet your new coworker Peter Smith in the office. Please introduce each other and have a very nice greeting.
A: David! It’s great to see you! you look as young as ever And you must B: Philip, ___________________________. be Roger. C: Hi. A: Yes, this is my youngest son Roger. Roger, I want you to meet the king dancer of tango of Harvard— David Lin. C: Nice to meet you, Mr. Lin. B: Well, you are so tall. How old are you this year? C: Seven. we haven’t seen each other for years since our graduation, B: So ______________________________________________, Philip. Well, how’ve you been? A: Oh, working too hard.
A: Good evening, Mr. Wu. B: Good evening, Mr. Smith. A: Have you met my wife, Juliet? I haven’t had the pleasure B: No,______________________________. A: Mary, this is Mr. Wu, my Chinese friend. C: How do you do, Mr. Wu? Welcome. B: How do you do? Have a glass of wine Mr. Wu. A:_____________________, let me introduce you to some of my guests. And___________________________________________. B: Thank you.
Unit 1 Introduction
Unit 1 IntroductionI.Definition of Translation（翻译的定义）American Eugene Nida: Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.美国翻译理论家尤金·奈达：翻译就是在译语中用最为贴切自然的对等语再现原语的信息-----首先是就意义而言，其次是就风格而言。
Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. II.Principles of Translation(翻译的标准)✧Faithfulness忠实✧Smoothness通顺1)The complaints of the patient did not answer to the proper manifestations of the disease.原：病人的主述没有回答此病的适当表现。
改：病人的主述不符合此病应有的表现。
2) A woman with child came to see her doctor.3)Health is above wealth, for thiscannot give so much happiness as that.原：健康高于财富，因为这个不能象那个给人们很多幸福。
改：健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能象健康那样给人们带来幸福III.The Factors that Affect the Quality of Translation(决定翻译质量的因素)：nguage2.General knowledge3.Working attitudeThe name of the game is controlling the population.游戏的名称是控制人口。
unit1_introduction
The aim/ purpose of this report is to… This present report sets out to… My purpose in writing/ My purpose of writing this report is to… In writing this report, I aim to… It has been found out that… The findings show that… I found out that…
an insurance policy covering loss of movable property (e.g. jewelry) regardless of its location
Floating policy is of great importance for export trade; it is, in fact, a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended, e.g. where the insured has to supply an oversea importer under an exclusive sales agreement or maintains sales representatives or subsidiary companies abroad. 统保单对出口贸易至关重要。它实际上是货物保险中 的一种便利的办法， 特别适用于分不同的时间出口的 一批类似的货物，如， 被保险方根据独家代理协议书 向国外的进口方供货，或在国外委任了销售代表设立 分支机构时使用。
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Mehdi Dastani (M.M.Dastani@uu.nl) Mehdi Dastani
http://www.cs.uu.nl/docs/vakken/mas
Multiagent Systems: Exam and Marks
The final mark is determined by the written exam (70%) and the presentations/participation (30%). Active participation will influence the mark for the presentation part. The final mark will be in one decimal and should be equal or higher than 5.5. Participation to presentations is mandatory. For the presentations there are NO second opportunities.
Autonomous agents
Autonomous agents are active, social, and adaptable computer systems situated in some dynamic environment and capable of autonomous actions to achieve their objectives. Reactive: respond to changes in its environment. Pro-active (deliberative): goal-directed behavior. Social: interaction and communication. Rational: behave to maximize its achievements. Agents decide which action to perform based on their internal state. The internal state of agents can be specified in terms of high-level abstract concepts such as belief, desire, goal, intention, plan, and action.
Artificial intelligence perspective
Multi-agent systems and Artificial Intelligence are NOT the same. Understand and model social intelligence and emergent behavior are essential in multi-agent systems. Artificial Intelligence Planning Learning Vision Language understanding Multi-Agent Systems Interaction and Communication Social concepts: obligation, norms, responsibilities, etc. Optimal solutions can be obtained by co-ordination and co-operation Simulation can verify social and economic theories
Multiagent Systems: Projects and Marks
Each presentation should be prepared for max. 30 minutes, including questions (3 presentations per session). Presentations can also be performed by a team of two students. The type of papers and the quality of the presentation are critical. Both students should perform a part of the presentation. Please have a look at papers and let me know which paper you want to present. The first presentation session is on Friday, 25 Novembed environments
sensors percepts environment actions ? agent
actuators
Agents include humans, robots, softbots, thermostats, etc. The agent function maps from percept histories to actions: f : P∗ → A The agent program runs on the physical architecture to produce f
Software engineering perspective
Multi-agent systems is a new software engineering paradigm providing new abstractions for different phases of software development process. Analysis ⇒ Design ⇒ Implementation ⇒ Test Structural analysis methodology: divide and conquer approach Object-oriented methodology: design patterns Agent-oriented methodology: organisation and society patterns
Multi-agent Systems: Literature
Book (some sections): Multiagent Systems: Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, and Logical Foundation, by Yoav Shoham and Kevin Leyton-Brown, Cambridge University Press, 2009. Book (background): An Introduction to Multiagent Systems (second edition): Michael Wooldridge. John Wiley & Sons, LTD, 2001. See the home page of the course for other background literature.
A Working Definition
A multi-agent system consists of a set of autonomous entities, called agents, which interact with each other and their surrounding environment to achieve their (joint) objectives. computing perspective software engineering perspective artificial intelligence perspective
The Aim of This Course
A general introduction to the field of multi-agent system. Lectures will cover: game theory social choice mechanism design auctions normative systems Presentations will cover: game theoretic approaches organisation en Coordination Cooperation and Negotiation multi-agent system development
Introduction to Multi-Agent Systems
Mehdi Dastani BBL-521
M.M.Dastani@uu.nl
Multiagent Systems: General
Lecture Presentations Final Exam Webpage
9x 7x 1 February 2012
Communication
Agent exchange information by means of messages. There have been many attempts to agree on standards for agent communication. A message has often the following ingredients: Information about sender and receivers. Content of the message carrying the information to be exchanged. Speech acts such as Inform, Request, and Propose. Semantics of messages are defined either internally in terms of an agent’s beliefs and goals, or externally in terms of agents’ social commitments. Communication between agents are governed by means of protocols. Roughly speaking, a protocol determines which messages in which order can be exchanged.