英语虚拟语气与主从复合句复习

英语虚拟语气与主从复合句复习了英语语法复习(虚拟语气与主从复合句)

I. Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气

三种语气简介:

1)陈述语气(Indicative Mood):

陈述语气用来陈述事实或就事实提出询问,表示谓语动词所表

达的动作或状态是符合客观事实的.

How hot it is today! Flowers blossom in spring.

Why does he sit there with his back to us? 2)祈使语气(Imperative Mood):

祈使语气表示说话人的请求,建议或命令.谓语动词要用原形表

达.

Let us help you. Do drop in to see us.

Don’t open the door.

3)虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood):

虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种与事实相反

的假设,祝愿,建议等.虚拟语气通常用在非真实条件状语从句及

其表示结果的主句中.

Mother told me to put on my sweater lest I should catch cold.

We suggested that the meeting be put off.

I wish he had told me this yesterday.

一. 虚拟语气的三种基本句型的构成形式:

1. 叙述与现在事实相反(the present fact):

条件句谓语: 一般过去式(be动词一律用were);

主句谓语: would, could, should, might 加动词原形.

She wouldn’t feel so cold if she were indoors.

If I were you, I would take the job. If I knew the answer it would be much better. I would certainly be willing to help you id I hade enough time.

2.叙述与过去事实相反(the past fact):

条件句谓语: 过去完成时

主句谓语: would, could, should, might加现在完成时.

If it had been fine yesterday, he might have come.

If she had not missed many classes, she would have done better in the exam.

He would not have made that mistake, if he had asked me. You would not have missed the train if you had walked faster.

3.叙述对未来可能性不大的事情进行的推测,(表示与将来事实

可能相反或可能性很小) (the future fact)

条件句谓语: 一般过去式(be动词一律用were); should+动词

原形; were to do;

主句谓语: should, would, could, might加动词原形.

What should we do if we should fail (were to fail; failed) to

fulfill the plan in time?

If he parked his car there the police might tow it away. If I were to see him, I would speak to him about it . I would not believe it, unless I should see it. Notes:

(1) 混合条件句(错综时间条件句)( Conditional Sentences of

mixed Time):

有时虚拟条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作在发生的时

间上不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不

同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。

If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.

If I had a bike, I would have lent it to you yesterday. I should not be here now if you hadn’t given me a lift in your car.

If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be well now.

If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.

If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.

If the old man were alive, he might have finished his novel two years ago.

(2) 虚拟条件句中if的省略.

当虚拟条件句中含有should, were, had时,可以不用连词if,而

把should, were, had移到主语前面.这种用法多用在书面语中.

Were it to rain tomorrow, the match would be cancelled. Were this to happen again, we wouldn’t let you off so easily.

2

Had it not been for the rain, we would have gone to see the

film.

Had they started earlier, they could have reached the