关于国际会议论文精选3篇
国际会议范文
国际会议范文国际会议，作为全球范围内各领域专业人士交流与合作的重要平台，对于推动知识传播、促进创新合作以及解决全球性问题发挥着至关重要的作用。
下面将为您呈现一篇国际会议的示例，以便让您对其有更全面和深入的了解。
一、会议主题本次国际会议的主题为“可持续发展与全球合作：应对气候变化的创新策略”。
这一主题的选定旨在聚焦当今世界面临的最为紧迫和关键的挑战之一——气候变化，并探讨如何通过可持续发展和全球范围内的通力合作来寻找创新的应对策略。
二、会议背景随着全球工业化进程的加速和人类活动的不断扩展，气候变化已经成为了一个全球性的威胁。
极端天气事件日益频繁，海平面上升，生态系统失衡，这些都给人类的生存和发展带来了巨大的挑战。
在此背景下，国际社会对于采取积极有效的行动来应对气候变化的呼声越来越高。
三、会议目的本次会议旨在汇聚来自世界各地的政府官员、科学家、企业家、社会组织代表等各界人士，共同探讨在可持续发展框架下应对气候变化的创新思路和切实可行的解决方案。
通过分享经验、交流观点、促进合作，推动全球在应对气候变化方面取得实质性的进展。
四、会议时间和地点会议于具体年份具体月份具体日期至具体日期在举办城市名称的会议中心名称举行。
五、会议议程会议共分为以下几个主要环节：1、开幕式由主办方领导致辞，强调会议的重要意义和目标，并对与会嘉宾表示热烈欢迎。
2、主题演讲邀请了多位在气候变化领域具有卓越成就和深厚影响力的专家学者发表主题演讲，深入剖析气候变化的现状、趋势以及应对的紧迫性和必要性。
3、分论坛讨论设立了多个分论坛，分别围绕“可再生能源的发展与应用”、“能源效率提升的技术创新”、“绿色金融与可持续投资”、“气候变化对农业和粮食安全的影响及应对”、“城市可持续发展与低碳交通”等议题展开深入讨论。
4、案例分享来自不同国家和地区的代表分享了在可持续发展和应对气候变化方面的成功案例和实践经验，为其他地区提供了有益的借鉴。
5、互动交流安排了专门的互动交流环节，与会者可以就关心的问题向专家提问，进行面对面的交流和探讨。
国际会议论文4篇
国际会议论文4篇1. 论文全球化背景下的跨文化沟通策略研究摘要：随着全球化的深入发展，跨文化沟通在各个领域的重要性日益凸显。
本文通过分析跨文化沟通的现状，探讨有效的跨文化沟通策略，以促进不同文化背景的人们之间的理解与合作。
关键词：全球化；跨文化沟通；沟通策略；理解与合作3. 论文可持续发展视角下的城市交通规划摘要：随着城市化进程的加快，城市交通问题日益突出。
本文从可持续发展的视角出发，探讨了城市交通规划的原则与方法，以实现城市交通的可持续发展。
关键词：可持续发展；城市交通；规划原则；规划方法4. 论文大数据在环境保护中的应用研究摘要：大数据技术的应用为环境保护提供了新的思路和方法。
本文研究了大数据在环境保护中的应用现状，分析了其优势与挑战，并提出了相应的对策建议。
关键词：大数据；环境保护；应用现状；优势与挑战1. 论文全球化背景下的跨文化沟通策略研究摘要：在全球化日益加深的今天，跨文化沟通能力成为个人和团队在国际舞台上成功的关键。
本文旨在深入分析跨文化沟通的挑战，并提出一系列实用策略，帮助读者在多元文化环境中建立有效的沟通桥梁。
关键词：全球化；跨文化沟通；沟通策略；多元文化环境3. 论文可持续发展视角下的城市交通规划摘要：城市交通规划是实现城市可持续发展的关键环节。
本文从可持续发展理论出发，探讨如何通过创新的城市交通规划策略，解决交通拥堵、减少环境污染，并提升市民生活质量。
关键词：可持续发展；城市交通规划；创新策略；生活质量提升4. 论文大数据在环境保护中的应用研究摘要：大数据技术在环境保护领域的应用日益广泛，从环境监测到污染源分析，大数据提供了强大的技术支持。
本文将介绍大数据在环境保护中的成功案例，并探讨如何利用大数据技术提高环境保护的效率和精准度。
关键词：大数据；环境保护；成功案例；效率与精准度提升1. 论文全球化背景下的跨文化沟通策略研究摘要：全球化不仅带来了经济的融合，也促进了文化的交流。
国际会议范文
国际会议范文会议通知是上级向下级、组织向成员或平行单位部署工作、传达事物或召开会议等使用的应用文。
你知道国际会议通知模式怎么写吗？下面简单介绍一下国际会议范文的相关资料，希望对你有所帮助。
樊——关于第三届xx大学研究生国际学术会议的通知为了进一步营造科研氛围，拓宽研究生的国际学术视野，搭建研究生展示科研成果的平台，提升研究生的科研能力、学术水平和国际交流能力，第三届xx大学研究生国际学术会议将于20xx年11月18日至20日举行。
现将有关事项通知如下：一.组织结构本次研究生国际学术会议由xx大学研究生院主办，国际教育学院等相关院校协办。
成立第三届研究生国际学术会议组委会，负责具体组织工作。
组委会成员如下：组长：姜菊副组长：刘范王娅彤成员：金泉赖冀州刘左敦文王洪娟刘李燕屈剑秘籍：张、沈男、郑俊子二、开会时间20xx年11月18 -20日三.会议地点中国Xxxx大学四.提交和审查时间表(a)招标范围本次国际学术会议的与会者为xx大学的硕士生、博士生(含国际生)、国内其他高校的硕士生、博士生(含国际生)和国外研究生。
(2)提交时间6月10日至8月31日，国外研究生提交时间为20xx国内研究生(含留学)提交时间为20xx年6月10日至10月1日。
(3)提交要求1.本次学术会议提交的论文分为航空航天、机械、信息、材料、人文管理等六大类。
论文要求研究结果原创，论文内容不保密，不涉及政治和宗教问题。
2.本次学术会议采取研究生提交英语论文和会上交流英语演讲的形式。
所有未发表的论文都可以以任何长度提交。
3.为了保证论文传输的质量和会议论文的正确处理，请投稿人通过电子邮件提交微软办公软件编辑的论文电子文档。
论文格式请参考附件。
4.请将您的投稿发送至：针对在xx大学就读的研究生，将您的投稿发送至：针对其他学生。
邮件标题为论文类别-学校-名称(如：航天-xx大学-张三)(4)复习时间大会组委会将聘请相关专家组成学术委员会，对提交的论文进行匿名评审。
(国际低合金会议论文09)低碳时代鞍钢先进高强度钢低合金钢的发展
低碳时代鞍钢先进高强度低合金钢的发展摘要：最近的十年中，结构钢行业经历一种变革。
面对全球气候和环境变化的挑战，需要高强度、高韧性钢和环境友好型钢。
鞍钢高强度钢生产和应用的研究与开发取得了显著的进步。
但是关注的重点是具有较高强度和比较优良的性能的新型高强度钢板。
多相显微组织、较低的屈强比和耐腐蚀性能组织带来新一代先进高强度钢，这种钢比老钢种的性能更优良。
本文对鞍钢新一代高强度钢的研究和开发进行了综述，预测了可预见的未来先进高强度钢的发展情况。
关键词：高强度钢，节能，减排1 背景21世纪钢材生产技术在材料领域保持快速发展。
2010年，中国钢产量已达6亿吨，这意味着中国已经成为世界最大钢材生产国。
面临着全球气候环境变化的挑战，发展先进高强度钢是促进节能减排的一种最重要的方法。
如果钢材强度从400MPa 提高到800MPa，钢材消耗会大大减少，这有利于节能减排。
这是鞍钢在低碳时代先进高强度低合金钢的研究与开发的重要战略。
该战略有两个方面：一是持续提高设备水平，二是发展先进生产技术。
2008年，鲅鱼圈和鞍钢西部项目高级生产线已在建设中，这大大提高了先进别高强度钢的产能。
此外，生产技术的发展已经成为生产高强度船板、核电站用钢、动力储备油罐钢以及高级别管线钢等高级别高强度钢的推动力。
2 鞍钢高端生产线建设为了提高高强度钢生产能力，在鲅鱼圈建设了一条新生产线，于2008年9月10日投产，年生产650万吨灰铸铁，650万吨粗钢，620万吨轧制钢材。
其主导产品结构集中于具有高技术含量的高附加值产品，包括集装箱用钢板、管线钢板、船板钢、机械结构用钢、锅炉钢板、容器钢板、桥梁板以及建筑用钢。
鞍钢鲅鱼圈钢材项目从设计开始就坚持节能减排理念，以提供高强度钢生产的硬件。
由于产品以高强度钢替代低强度钢为产品导向。
为了生产高强度钢板，在各道工序中采用了很多高级技术，以满足各种不同要求。
炼钢和连铸工艺包括3个铁水脱硫和扒渣站、3个360t顶底复吹转炉、1个精炼炉（LF）、1个ANS-OB钢包精炼炉、2个RH-TB真空脱气装置、2个1450mm连铸机、1个厚板连铸机组成。
英文国际会议演讲稿范文
Good morning/afternoon/evening. It is my great honor to stand before you today and share my thoughts on a topic that is of utmost importance to our global community: the impact of climate change on our planet. I would like to thank the organizers for inviting me to this esteemed conference and for providing me with the opportunity to express my views on this critical issue.As we all know, climate change is a pressing global challenge that threatens the very existence of our planet. The past few decades have witnessed a significant rise in the Earth's average temperature, leading to severe weather patterns, rising sea levels, and the loss of biodiversity. The consequences of climate change are far-reaching and affect every corner of the world, from the smallest village to the largest metropolis.In this speech, I will discuss the causes of climate change, its impact on our planet, and the steps we can take to mitigate its effects. I will also highlight the importance of international cooperation and the role of each individual in addressing this global crisis.Firstly, let us examine the causes of climate change. The primary driver of climate change is the increase in greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gases trap heat and lead to the greenhouse effect, which causes global temperatures to rise.The main sources of greenhouse gas emissions are human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Deforestation, industrial processes, and agriculture alsocontribute significantly to the problem. The industrial revolution marked the beginning of a rapid increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which have continued to rise at an alarming rate.The impact of climate change on our planet is profound and varied. Rising sea levels threaten coastal communities and ecosystems, leading to the displacement of millions of people. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts, have become more frequent and severe, causing widespread destruction and loss of life.Moreover, climate change affects biodiversity, with many species facing extinction due to habitat loss and changing environmental conditions. The disruption of ecosystems has cascading effects on human societies, including the loss of food security, water scarcity, and increased health risks.To address the challenges posed by climate change, it is essential to take immediate and decisive action. Here are some of the steps we can take:1. Transition to renewable energy sources: We must phase out fossilfuels and invest in renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. This shift will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create new job opportunities in the green energy sector.2. Promote sustainable agriculture and land use: Sustainable farming practices can reduce emissions from the agricultural sector and protect biodiversity. We must also address deforestation by implementing strict policies to protect forests and promoting sustainable land management.3. Enhance energy efficiency: Improving energy efficiency in industries, transportation, and buildings can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Governments should invest in research and development of new technologies and incentivize businesses and individuals to adopt energy-efficient practices.4. Strengthen international cooperation: Addressing climate change requires global cooperation and commitment. International agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, are essential in coordinating efforts to reduce emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.5. Raise awareness and education: Educating the public about the causes and consequences of climate change is crucial in fostering a culture of environmental responsibility. We must encourage individuals to make sustainable choices in their daily lives and promote environmental stewardship.In conclusion, climate change is a global crisis that demands our immediate attention and collective action. The challenges we face areimmense, but the potential for positive change is even greater. By transitioning to renewable energy, promoting sustainable practices, enhancing energy efficiency, and fostering international cooperation, we can mitigate the effects of climate change and secure a sustainablefuture for our planet.Ladies and gentlemen, it is up to us to take responsibility for our actions and work together to address this urgent issue. Let us not delay; the time to act is now. Thank you for your attention, and I welcome any questions you may have.Thank you.。
国际会议发言稿(精选多篇)
国际会议发言稿(精选多篇)第一篇：国际学术会议发言1.prologuethank you, mr. chairman, for your gracious introduction. i am honored to have the chance to asion. the topic of my paper is “transaction cost and farmers’ choice of agricultural products selling”. the outline of my talk as follows. the first part i want to introduce the background of this research. the second part suggests a simple household choicemodel .the third part covers the data used in this research. and then, we introduce the empirical results. finally, a simple conclusion is given.2.introductionwell, let’s move on the first part of thistopic .the motivation of this work like this. institutional economics posits that agents making decisions on different types of transactions do so in a costly way .for example , farmers deciding sell a particular crop to whom base their decisions not only on the price they expect to receive in each market choice but also on additional costs related to transacting in these markets.i want to use a picture to illustrate it. forexample, given some market channels, farmers’ choices can be regarded as equilibrium between the surplus and the additional costs that related totransacting .especially in developing countries, high-value crop producers fully participate in the market and the transaction cost has been the hard constraint to farmers. furthermore, farmers’ market choices can be taken as a choice dilemma of transaction cost and production surplus. consequently, the scientific question of this research is how transaction cost affects planters’ choices.3.methodologylet’s move to the theoretical model of our research. consider a household model in one rotation. in stage 1 , famer η needs to allocate the input factors .this process can qbe set into a function like this q? ? q( p , w , z ? ) , qη m eans the output farmers decide qto produce .p implies the output price w implies input price and.z: ? is fixed input. once produce what and produce how many are decided, next question to be considered is how much products to be transacted in market. here w e use three cc()cη means how functions to describe this question. the first equation, c ? ?p , z ?much agricultural products used by famers themselves. p implies the price the cagriculturalproduct,z ?suggests the fluctuation of cη. the second equation q ? ? q ? ?c?, qη means the amount of agricultural products transacted inq?n?market. the third equationi ? q ?implies the amount exchanged in nth time.in stage 3, farmers will decide to sell the products to whom. chanel j’s market price isbdecided by an exogenesis price and farmers’ negotiating power.pij?p*j?b(qi,zi)besides this, we use a matrix to show the net profit of chanel jx ik? ik, ? ?? ik ?and then farmers’ choice can be expressed in a typical choice modelexp(xij?)pr(ji?j|xik)?1 exp(xij?)? k?1based on the choice model, another important concept is famers’ channel choice .here, we set five types .they rank by the market barriers. accordingly, we set a group discrete number to express them. y: dependent variable y=5,means farmer choosebrokers. y=1, farmers sell products to consumers directly.4.data and estimation procedureshere, we illustrate the data distribution withthis map. according to the agriculturalregionalization from department of agriculture, the apple specialization areas in china contain two parts:bo sea area and loess plateau. bo sea area in red color, contains hebei, shandong and liaoning 3 provinces. and loess plateau in green color, contains shanxi, henan, shaanxi and gansu 4 provinces. firstly, we use pps method to get the first stage sampling unit 14 counties in 7 provinces. then use random sample method to get village and household. they are our sample distribution.5.empirical results6.conclusions第二篇：国际会议国际会议：2020 2nd international conference on environment science and engineering(icese 2020)post by：2020-7-24 19:09:28 [只看该作者]2020 2nd international conference on environment science and engineeringmay. 26, 2020 news! the icese 2020 papers are available in the vol.8 of ipcbee. (click)mar.16, 2020 news! the conference program of icese 2020 is available now. (click)welcome to the official website of the 2020 2nd international conference on environment science and ed during april 7-8 2020, in bangkok, thailand. icese 2020, aims to bring together researchers, scientists, ehe practical challengesencountered and the solutions adopted.change and share their experiences, new ideas, and research results about all aspects of environment scie the conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and expsensors and related areas. icese 2020 will be published in one volume of ipcbee, and all papers will be y digital library, and indexed by thomson isi (web of knowledge).call for papers2020 2nd international conference on environment science and engineering, icese 2020 is the premier forum for esearch results in the fields of theoretical, experimental, and applied environment science and engineering. the confereers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world.topics of interest for submission include,environmental science and technologyenvironmental dynamicsmeteorologyhydrologygeophysicsatmospheric physicsphysical oceanographyglobal environmental change and ecosystems managementclimate and climatic changesglobal warmingozone layer depletioncarbon capture and storagebiofuelsintegrated ecosystems managementsatellite applications in the environmentenvironmental restoration and ecological engineeringhabitat reconstructionbiodiversity conservationdeforestationwetlandslandscape degradation and restorationground water remediationsoil decontaminationeco-technologybio-engineeringenvironmental sustainabilityresource managementlife cycle analysisenvironmental systems approachrenewable sources of energy-energy savingsclean technologiessustainable citieshealth and the environmenthealth related organismshazardous substances and detection techniques biodegradation of hazardous substancestoxicity assessment and epidemiological studiesquality guidelines, environmental regulation and monitoringindoor air pollutionwater resources and river basin managementregulatory practice, water quality objectives standard setting, water quality classification public participationeconomic instrumentsmodeling and decision support toolsinstitutional developmenttransboundary cooperationmanagement and regulation of point and diffuse pollutionmonitoring and analysis of environmental contaminantground water managementwastewater and sludge treatmentnutrients removalsuspended and fixed film biological processesanaerobic treatmentprocess modellingsludge treatment and reusefate of hazardous substancesindustrial wastewater treatmentadvances in biological, physical and chemical processeson site and small scale systemsstorm-water managementair pollution and controlemission sourcesatmospheric modeling and numerical predictioninteraction between pollutantscontrol technologiesair emission tradingsolid waste managementwaste minimizationoptimization of collection systemsrecycling and reusewaste valorizationtechnical aspects of treatment and disposal methods (landfilling, thermal treatment etc) leachate treatmentlegal, economic and managerial aspects of solid waste managementmanagement of hazardous solid wastewater treatment and reclamationdisinfection and disinfection by- productsmanagement of water treatment residualsaesthetic quality of drinking water (taste, odors) effect of distribution systems on potable water qualityreuse of reclaimed watersdexed by thomson isi (web of knowledge).important date advanced treatment of water andsecondary effluents (membranes, adsorption, ion exchange, oxidation etc) icese 2020 will be published in one volume of ipcbee, and all papers will be included in engineeringpaper submission (full paper)before december 10, 2020 notification of acceptanceon january 1, 2020final paper submissionbefore january 15, 2020 authors' registrationbefore january 15, 2020 icese 2020 conference datesapril 7 - 8, 2020submission methods1.electronic submission system; ( .pdf)if you can't login the submission system, please try to submit through method2.2.email: icese@ ( .pdf and .doc)第三篇：国际会议invitation letterdear professor li,on behalf of the peking university and the ieee computer society, i would be very pleased to invite you to attend and chair a session of the forthcoming 2020 international conference on parallel data processing to be held in beijing, from march 25 to march 28, 2020.you are an internationally acclaimed scholar and educator. your participation will be among the highlights of the conference.we sincerely hope that you could accept ourinvitation. if you can come, please let us know as soon as possible, since we have to prepare the final program soon. we are looking forward to your acceptance.sincerely yours,wang yangreply letterdear professor wang,many thanks for your letter dated 15th february, inviting me to attend and chair a session of the forthcoming 2020 international conference on parallel data processing to be held in beijing, from march 25 to march 28, 2020.much to my regret, i shall not be able to honor the invitation because i have been suffering from a disease since this summer. i am firmly advised that it would be unwise to undertake any distant and long travel in the near future.i feel very sad to miss the opportunity of meeting you and many others in the field of computer science.i wish the conference a complete success. sincerely yours,li minginquiry letterdear sir,thanks you very much for accepting our invitation.i am writing to ask for information about your beijing travel for the session. you will arriver at march 24,and please let me know that your arrival time and specific ways, so that we may arrange person to pick you up. we are looking forward to your arrival.sincerely yours,wang yang第四篇：国际会议中心国际会议中心■长隆酒店配有国际会展中心，这是华南地区最大的国际会展中心之一，独立的一整栋楼供您举办商务宴会、商务会议、主题婚宴等等。
国际会议论文致谢
国际会议论文致谢篇一：国际会议论文标准模板 Pa perTitl e Su btit le a s Ne eded Jun HUA NG,Hail in Z HANG2 11 De pt.name oforga niza tion, na me o f or gani zati on,acro nyms acc epta ble,Cit y, C ount ry 2 Dep t. n ameof o rgan izat ion, nam e of org aniz atio n, a cron ymsacce ptab le,City, Co untr y Em ail: add ress, ad dres s Ab stra ct:This ele ctro nicdocu ment def ines thesta ndar d fo rmat oftheChin eseacad emic con fere ncepro-ceed ings pub lish ed b y th eSc ient ific Res earc h Pu blis hing (SR P).Theelem ents suc h as the pap er t itle, au thor,af fili atio n, a bstr act, sec tion tit le,main tex t, f igur e, t able and ref eren cesaredefi ned, andthi s do cume nt i s fo r-ma tted acc ordi ng t o th e SR P st anda rd,whic h il lust rate s al l th efo rmat s. (请注意：字数应控制在100-150之间) Key word s: t empl ate; for mat; SRP;ac adem ic c onfe renc e; p roce edin gs 标题副标题黄军，张海玲2 1 12单位，城市，国家，邮编单位，城市，国家，邮编Emai l: a ddre ss,addr ess摘要：本电子文档定义了由Sci enti ficRese arch Pub lish ing（SRP）出版的各种中文学术会议论文集的标准文章格式。
国际会议发言稿论文题目
国际会议发言稿论文题目
尊敬的各位嘉宾、各位专家、各位与会代表：
大家好！非常高兴能够在这里参加这次国际会议，并有机会和各位一同探讨和交流关于**（论文题目）**的相关议题。
我是**（姓名）**，来自**（单位/国家）**，今天非常荣幸能够
在这里为大家分享我的研究成果和见解。
首先，我想介绍一下我所进行的研究主题。
**（论文题目）**，这是一个非常重要的议题，在当今社会中受到了广泛的关注。
**（在此简要概述论文题目的重要性和研究意义，包括研究背景，相关领域现状，以及研究目的和意义。
）**
在我的研究中，我采用了**（具体的研究方法和手段）**进行了**（研究对象或范围）**的调查和分析，并在**（研究时间范围）**内进行了充分的数据收集和整理。
通过对**（研究结果）**的分析和总结，我得出了**（研究结论和观点）**。
接下来，我想和大家分享一些我在研究过程中的一些发现和心得体会。
**（根据具体论文内容，分享一些研究过程中的心得和发现，突出自己的研究亮点和创新之处。
）**
在这里，我希望能够和各位一起探讨的是关于**（论文主要观点或问题之一）**。
**（在此介绍一个重要问题或观点，引发与会者的讨论和思考。
）**
最后，我希望我们能够在这次会议上建立起更多的联系与合作，
并且共同探讨解决**（论文主要问题或观点之一）**这一重要议题的办法和途径。
只有通过不懈的努力和合作，我们才能够更好地推动**（论文主题）**的研究和发展，为人类社会的进步做出更大的贡献。
谢谢大家！。
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关于国际会议论文精选3篇大家上午好!今天我汇报的主题是：基于改进型LBP算法的运动目标检测系统。
运动目标检测技术能降低视频监控的人力成本，提高监控效率，同时也是运动目标提取、跟踪及识别算法的基础。
图像信号具有数据量大，实时性要求高等特征。
随着算法的复杂度和图像清晰度的提高，需要的处理速度也越来越高。
幸运的是，图像处理的固有特性是并行的，尤其是低层和中间层算法。
这一特性使这些算法，比较容易在FPGA等并行运算器件上实现，今天汇报的主题就是关于改进型LBP算法在硬件上的实现。
good morning everyone.My report is about a Motion Detection System Based on Improved LBP Operator.Automatic motion detection can reduce the human cost of video surveillance and improve efficiency [ɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nsɪ]，it is also the fundament of object extraction, tracking and recognition[rekəg'nɪʃ(ə)n]. In this work, efforts ['efəts] were made to establish the background model which is resistance to the variation of illumination. And our video surveillance system was realized on a FPGA based platform.PPT(2)目前，常用的运动目标检测算法有背景差分法、帧间差分法等。
帧间差分法的基本原理是将相邻两帧图像的对应像素点的灰度值进行减法运算，若得到的差值的绝对值大于阈值，则将该点判定为运动点。
但是帧间差分检测的结果往往是运动物体的轮廓，无法获得目标的完整形态。
Currently, Optic Flow, Background Subtraction and Inter-frame difference are regard as the three mainstream algorithms to detect moving object.Inter-frame difference based method need not model ['mɒdl] the background. It detects moving objects based on the frame difference between two continuous frames. The method is easy to be implemented and can realize real-time detection, but it cannot extract the full shape of the moving objects [6].PPT(3)在摄像头固定的情况下，背景差分法较为简单，且易于实现。
若背景已知，并能提供完整的特征数据，该方法能较准确地检测出运动目标。
但在实际的应用中，准确的背景模型很难建立。
如果背景模型如果没有很好地适应场景的变化，将大大影响目标检测结果的准确性。
像这副图中，背景模型没有及时更新，导致了检测的错误。
The basic principle of background removal method is building a background model and providing a classification of the pixels into either foreground or background [3-5]. In a complex and dynamic environment, it is difficult to build a robust [rə(ʊ)'bʌst] background model.PPT(4)上述的帧间差分法和背景差分法都是基于灰度的。
基于灰度的算法在光照条件改变的情况下，性能会大大地降低，甚至失去作用。
The algorithms we have discussed above are all based on grayscale. In practical applications especially outdoor environment, the grayscales of each pixel are unpredictably shifty because of the variations in the intensity and angle of illumination.PPT(5)为了解决光照改变带来的基于灰度的算法失效的问题，我们考虑用纹理特征来检测运动目标。
而LBP算法是目前最常用的表征纹理特征的算法之一。
首先在图像中提取相邻9个像素点的灰度值。
然后对9个像素中除中心像素以外的其他8个像素做二值化处理。
大于等于中心点像素的，标记为1，小于的则标记为0。
最后将中心像素点周围的标记值按统一的顺序排列，得到LBP值，图中计算出的LBP值为10001111。
当某区域内所有像素的灰度都同时增大或减小一定的数值时，该区域内的LBP值是不会改变的，这就是LBP对灰度的平移不变特性。
它能够很好地解决灰度受光照影响的问题。
In order to solve the above problems, we proposed an improved LBP algorithm which is resistance to the variations of illumination.Local binary pattern (LBP) is widely used in machine vision applications such as face detection, face recognition and moving object detection [9-11]. LBP represents a relatively simple yet powerful texture descriptor which can describe the relationship of a pixel with itsimmediate neighborhood. The fundamental of LBP operator is showed in Fig 1. The basic version of LBP produces 256 texture patterns based on a 9 pixels neighborhood. The neighboring pixel is set to 1 or 0 according to the grayscale value of the pixel is larger than the value of centric pixel or not. For example, in Fig1 7 is larger than 6, so the pixel in first row first column is set to 1. Arranging the 8 binary numbers in certain order, we get an 8 bits binary number, which is the LBP pattern we need. For example in Fig.1, the LBP is 10001111. LBP is tolerant ['tɒl(ə)r(ə)nt] against illumination changing. When the grayscales of pixels in a 9 pixels window are shifted due to illumination changing, the LBP value will keep unchanged.PPT(6)图中的一些常见的纹理，都能用一些简单的LBP向量表示，对于每个像素快，只需要用一个8比特的LBP值来表示。
There are some textures , and they can be represent by some simple 8bit LBP patterns. PPT(7)从这幅图也可以看出，虽然灰度发生了很大的变化，但是纹理特征并没有改变，LBP值也没有变化。
You can see, in these picture , although the grayscale change alot, but the LBP patterns keep it value.PPT(8)上述的算法是LBP算法的基本形式，但是这种基本算法不适合直接应用在视频监控系统中。
主要有两个原因：第一，在常用的视频监控系统中，特别是在高清视频监控系统中，9个像素点覆盖的区域很小，在如此小的区域内，各个像素点的灰度值十分接近，甚至是相同的，纹理特征不明显，无法在LBP值上体现。
第二，由于以像素为单位计算LBP值，像素噪声会造成LBP值的噪声。
这两个原因导致计算出的LBP值存在较大的随机性，甚至在静止的图像中，相邻两帧对应位置的LBP值也可能存在差异，从而引起的误检测。
为了得到更好的检测性能，我们采用基于块均值的LBP算法。
这种方法的基本原理是先计算出3×3个像素组成的的像素块的灰度均值，以灰度均值作为该像素块的灰度值。
然后以3×3个像素块(即9×9个像素)为单位，计算LBP值。
The typical LBP cannot meet the need of practical application of video surveillance for two reasons: Firstly, a “window” which only contains 9 pixels is a small area in which the grayscales of pixels are similar or same to each other, and the texture feature in such a small area is too weak to be reflected by a LBP. Secondly, pixel noise will immediately cause the noise of LBP, which may lead to a large number of wrong detection. In order to obtain a better performance, we proposed an improved LBP based on the mean value of “block”. In our algorithm, one block contains 9 pixels. Compared with original LBP pattern calculatedin a local 9 neighborhood between pixels, the improved LBP operator is defined by comparing the mean grayscale value of central block with those of its neighborhood blocks (see Fig.2).By replacing the grayscales of pixels with the mean value of blocks, the effect of the pixel noise is reduced. The texture feature in such a bigger area is more significant to be described by LBP pattern.PPT(9)运用LBP描述背景，其本质上也是背景差分法的一种。