分词作状语转换
分词作定语和状语-转换为从句
3.They lived in a house facing the south.
They lived in a hoபைடு நூலகம்se that faced south.
I.作定语的现在分词
4.The building being built will be our library. The building which is being built will be our library. 5.John, wearing a dirty coat, ran up to his mum. John, who was wearing a dirty coat, ran up to his mum.
非谓语动词一讲
作定语与状语的分词
分词=现在分词(doing)+过去分词(done)。
现在分词的结构
主动形式
一般式 doing 完成式 having done
被动形式
being done having been done
典型错误
1.Entering the room, nothing strange was found.
And she broke it into pieces.
5.Working hard, you are sure to make it.（条件）
If you work hard,
Turning left, you will find the school.
If you turn left,
IV.作状语的过去分词
III.作状语的现在分词
1.Reading the story, he nodded from time to time.(时间)
初中分词作状语的用法讲解归纳
初中分词作状语的用法讲解归纳很多同学都不太了解分词作状语的用法，小编整理了一些分词的知识点，大家一起来看看吧。
过去分词作状语用法归纳一、过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。
过去分词(短语)作状语一般都用逗号同其它成分隔开。
1. 作时间状语时，可转换为when或while等引导的从句，通常放在句首。
如：Seen from the top of the hill (= When it is seen from the top of the hill), the school looks like a big garden.2. 作条件状语时，可转换为once, if或unless等引导的从句，一般放在句首。
如：Given more attention (= If it was given more attention), the fire could have been avoided.3. 作原因状语时，可转换为because, as或since等引导的从句，多放在句首。
如：Encouraged (= As she was encouraged) by the teacher, the girl was very happy.4. 作让步状语时，可转换为though, although 或even if引导的从句，常放在句首。
如：Left (= Although she was left) alone at home, Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.5. 作方式或伴随状语时，常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。
如：Surrounded by his students, the teacher went into the lab. (= The teacher was surrounded by his students and he went into the lab.)6. 过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等。
分词短语作状语
1.理解分词作状语时可以转换成相应的状语从句。
2.分清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。
用法讲解：1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。
通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。
例如：Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.分词短语作时间状语：Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits.分词短语作原因状语：Given time (=If he is given time), he’ll make a fist-class tennis player.分词短语作条件状语：We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.)2. 有时为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。
例如：When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.Though tired, he still continued reading.3. 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较。
分词短语作状语讲解
分词短语作状语
【知识点解析】
四、用作让步状语 [典型例句] Living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。 Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。 [理解技巧]分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连 词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句，如： Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
_____ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (2005山东卷)
A. have reached B. reaching
C. to reach
D. to be reaching
【答案】B 【解析】此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reache【知识点解析】
[高考实例] (1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷) A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
【答案】A 【解析】 faced with so much trouble可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced with so much trouble.
过去分词(短语)作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语知识点包括过去分词(短语)作状语、过去分词(短语)作状语的用法、过去分词(短语)作状语应注意的问题、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别、过去分词作表语等部分，有关过去分词(短语)作状语的详情如下：过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明动作发生的背景或情况，在意义上相当于状语从句，可以跟状语从句转换，表示时间、让步、结果、方式等。
其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为动宾关系。
过去分词(短语)作状语的用法1．时间状语过去分词(短语)作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，可以在其前加上when，while，until等，使其时间意义更明确；该状语可置于句首、句尾或主语与谓语之间。
从时间意义上看，该动作常表示先于谓语动作发生，也可与谓语动作同时发生。
Told that his mother was seriously ill，Li Ping hurried home quickly.被告知妈妈病得很严重，李平急忙跑回了家。
(先于谓语动作发生)Seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.＝When(it is)seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，城市显得更美丽。
(与谓语动作同时发生)2．原因状语过去分词(短语)作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句，多位于句首，偶尔也出现在句尾或句中。
Moved by the heroic deeds，the children couldn't help crying.孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。
Lost in thought，he almost knocked into a tree.由于陷入了沉思，他差点撞到树上。
高考英语过去分词作状语的用法
2. __C___ to sunlight for too much time will
do harm to one’s skin. (上海 2002)
A. Exposed
B. Haosed D. After being exposed
3. Prices of daily goods __B___ through a
4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. → __________________________ ___Q_u_e_s,thioenbeedcabmy ethteenpsoel.ice about the fire
而 his hands 对于动词 tie来说, 只能是被
动承受。因此, 该题应选D。
1. All the work _fi_n_i_s_h_e_d_, he sat down for a
coffee.
2. Everything __ta_k__e_n__ into consideration,
the event was a great event.
害的。
分词作定语可以转换成定语从句: •He worked as a worker building roads. (主动) = He worked as a worker who/ that built roads. •This is a picture painted by my father. (被动) = This is a picture which was painted by my father.
过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定 语，前后常有逗号。
状语从句和分词作状语的转换
状语从句与分词作状语的转换时间、原因等状语从句可以转换成分词作状语，但这种转换是有条件的，也有一定的规律可循。
一、基本规则，也是最重要的规则是：从句的主语与主句的主语必须一致，变从句而主句不变。
如：They did not go to the Summer Palace because they had a lot of work to do．由于从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，可以把从句中because和they去掉，把had变成having，即成现在分词短语作原因状语：Having a lot of work to do，they did not go to the Summer Palace．二、从句如果表示主动、完成，进行的动作，则转换成现在分词；如果表示被动，则转换成过去分词。
1．When he heard a cry for help，he rushed out．从句中，he was与heard是主动关系，表示“他听见”。
则可变成现在分词作时间状语。
Hearing a cry for help，he rushed out．2．The boy Cater went up to his teacher and said“sorry”because he was great-ly touched by his words．从句中，he was touched是被动关系，是“孩子被深深地触动了”，则变成过去分词作原因状语。
Greatly touched by his teacher's words，the boy laterwent up to him and said“sorry”．三、如果从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，该怎么办？请看下例：1．As the heroes' deeds moved them deeply，they decided to study even harder．句中，主句的主语是they，而从句主语是the heroes'deeds，主语不一致，这时可以把从句变换一下句型，变成被动语态。
高考语法复习之非谓语动词做状语及与状语从句的相互转化与语法填空的应用
非谓语动词作状语高考对非谓语动词作状语的考查多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1．不定式作状语；2．-ing分词作状语；3．-ed分词作状语。
一、不定式结构作状语不定式结构作状语通常有以下几种情况：1、目的状语（分词一般不能作目的状语）He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly .To catch the train ,she hurried through her work注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。
To get there in time, we got up very early.= In order to get there in time, we got up very early.= We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.2、原因状语不定式结构作原因状语常用在作表语用的形容词后。
I’m sorry to hear that .We’re proud to b e young people of China .We are glad to hear the news．3、结果状语不定式结构作结果状语，有时表示未曾预料到的、或令人不快的结果。
（常和only连用）。
He ran all the way to the station ,only to find the train had left .★而现在分词作结果状语常常是可以预料的结果，是伴随谓语动词而产生的自然结果The police opened fire ,killing the robber .He died ,leaving his wife with five children .4. 有时，不定式还可修饰一个句子，表明说话人的态度。
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1、状语从句中的谓语动词是系动词be时:1.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的连接词与主语并把be改为being. 即可。
As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material.→Being a tailor, he knows what to do with this material.1.2、从句的主句主语与从句主语不同时，只要保留从句的主语，其它变化同以上1.1。
As he is still a child, you shouldn't be too hard on him.→He being still a child, you shouldn't be too hard on him.1.3、当从句是否定句时，只要在being 前加否定词not ，其它变化同以上1.2。
As he was no tall enough, he couldn't reach for the apple.→No being tall enough, he couldn't reach for the apple.2、当从句的谓语动词是进行时态（现在进行时态或过去进行时态）时:2.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的引导词与主语并去掉助动词be保留现在分词即可。
有时为了强调进行状态,亦在分词前保留being.While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time.→While reading the book, he nodded from time to time2.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，除保留从句主语外，其他变化同以上2.1When he was giving a telephone call, his wife was reading a novel.→He giving a telephone call, his wife was reading a novel2.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在being 前加否定词not ，其它变化同以上1.1与2.2 As Tom is not working in his office, No one receives the telephone.→Tom not working i n his office, no one receives the telephone.3、当从句中的谓语动词为一般时态(一般现在时与一般过去时)的实义动词时：3.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句主语并将实义动词改为现在分词即可Look round when you cross the street.→Look round when crossing the street.3.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，只要保留主语，其他变化同以上3.1When they left the airport, we waved again and again to them.→They leaving the airport, we waved again and again to them.3.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在现在分词前加not，其他变化同以上3.1与3.2As he didn't know anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.→.Not knowing anything about the acc ident, he went to work as usual.4、当从句的谓语动词是一般时态(一般现在时与一般过去时)的被动态时：4.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的连词与主语并去掉be保留过去分词即可。
As the teacher was surrounded tightly by a group of students, he couldn't get away.→Surrounded tightly by a group of students the teacher cou ldn't get away.4.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，只要保留主语，其他变化同以上4.1A. As the car was trapped in the sand, we had to go for help.→The car trapped in the sand, we had to go for help.4.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在过去分词前加not外，其他变化同以上4.1与4.2 As he was not killed dead in the field, he escaped at the very night.→Not killed dead in the field, he escaped at the very night.5、当从句的谓语动词是完成时态(现在完成时与过去完成时)时：5.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的连词与主语并将had/has/have改为having即可。
After the writer had finished the book, he tried to find a publisher.→Having fi nished the book, the writer tried to find a publisher.5.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，除保留从句主语外，其他变化同以上5.1As the storm had destroyed their hut, they had to live in a cave.→The storm having destroyed their hut, they had to live in a cave.5.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，除在having前加not外，其他变化同以上5.1与5.2。
As he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.→Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.6、当从句中的谓语动词是被动语态完成式时：6.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的连词与had been/have been/has been 并保留过去分词即可，有时也可只去掉从句中的连词与主语并将从句中的have/had/has 改为Having，这种方式是为了强调完成。
If the trees had been given more attention, they could have grown better.→(Having been) Given more attention, the trees would have grown better.6.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，只要保留主语，其他变化同以上6.1Although the sentence had been explained again and again, the students didn't seem to understand it yet.→The sentence(having been) explained again and again, the students didn't seem to understand it yet.6.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在过去分词前加not或在having been 前加not外，其他变化同以上6.1与6.2As the old man hadn't been taken good care of, he wasn't living a happy life.→Not (having been) taken good care of, the old man wasn't living a happy life.7.当句子谓语是一个由and连接的并列动词时,为了强调两个动作同时发生,只要去掉and并将另一个动词改为现在分词即可.They often sat in the shade and smoked a cigarette in the late afternoon.→They often sat in the shade in the late afternoon, smoking a cigarette.使用独立主格结构的几点注意1. 独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。
如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了教室。
2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略：(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语是代词时。
如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。
(2)在There being＋名词的结构中。
如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。
如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。
比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。
比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.5. 独立主格的时态问题独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。