新视野大学英语第三册第八单元汇总

Legal and Moral Implicationsof CloningNHCE-BIII-Unit 8 MENUI. ObjectivesII. PreviewIII. Leading-inIV. Section A-TextV. Answers to ExercisesVI. Extensive TasksVII. Testing YourselfVIII. HomeworkNHCE-BIII-Unit 8 I: ObjectivesMENUObjectives Students would: • 1. be able to successfully finish listening, speaking, reading and writing tasks related to the theme – Cloning: the Pandora’s box? – with the help of theme vocabulary. • 2. improve the accuracy of their spoken and written output, thanks to theme words and expressions. • 3. improve the fluency of their spoken output during the completion of the chains of tasks. • 4. understand basic knowledge of cloning.Cloned Animals •What animals do you know have been cloned so far?MENUDolly•Dolly, the first mammal to becloned from adult DNA, wasput down by lethal injectionFeb. 14, 2003. Prior to herdeath, Dolly had beensuffering from lung cancer andcrippling arthritis. Althoughmost Finn Dorset sheep live tobe 11 to 12 years of age,postmortem examination ofDolly seemed to indicate that,other than her cancer andarthritis, she appeared to bequite normal.MENUIdaho Gem•The world's firstcloned mule, wasborn on May 4. He isan identical geneticcopy of his brother, achampion racing mulecalled Taz, and thefirst clone to be bornin the equine family.MENUCc•The world's first clonedkitten, named Cc. It wascreated by scientists inTexas using a cell takenfrom an adult tortoiseshellfemale (see next picture).The photo, taken onDecember 22 2001 whenthe kitten was sevenweeks old, was madepublic in February 2002.MENUNoel, Angel, Star, Joy, Mary •Five cloned piglets,born in Virginia, USAon March 5 2000. Theworld's first clonedpiglets were producedby PPL Therapeuticsfrom an adult sowusing a slightlydifferent techniquefrom the one thatproduced Dolly.MENUCloned Calves• A pair of new-born cloned calvesin a cowshed in Ishikawa Japan,on July 5 1998. They were bornexactly two years after Dolly, theBritish sheep that made history bybecoming the first clone of anadult animal. They are the secondadult-animal clones, and wereproduced by a similar technique. Aspokesman for the Ishikawaprefectural livestock researchcentre said the new techniquewould be used to breed bettercattle strains with higher-qualitybeef or greater milk capacity.MENUANDi•ANDi (inserted DNAspelled backwards), thefirst genetically modifiedrhesus monkey, at theOregon regional primateresearch centre inOregon, USA. The birthof ANDi, the first rhesusmonkey cloned byembryo splitting, isanother incremental steptoward designing andperfecting new treatmentsfor human geneticdisorders.MENUThe Process of CloningMENUMENUThe Process of Human ReproductionMENUMENUThe Process of Human CloningMENUMENULegal and Moral Implications of Cloning Legal and Moral Implicationsof CloningDiscussionWhat are the pros and cons of cloning?MENUReferencesPROS:•Produce animals with desirable traits.•Increase the efficiency of the livestock production. •Offset losses of among endangered species populations. •Enable better research for finding cures to many diseases.•Provide children for parents who would like a child but can't have one for various reasons.•Provide parents with an opportunity to clone a child who has died.MENUCONS:•Decline in genetic diversity.•Taking nature into our own hands. •Religious and moral reasons. •Physical problems, such as birth defects. •Possibility of mental and emotional problems of the clone.MENUWatch the video clip, and think: Would you like to be cloned once humancloning becomes a reality? Why or why not?MENUMENULegal and Moral Implicationsof CloningMENUThis part is about the world’s strong and immediate responses in the wake of Wilmut’s announcement.This part offers complete or partial answers, from theup-to-date knowledge, to the six questions on the legal and moral implications of cloning.This part is intended to reaffirm the author’s opinion that, although the list of questions could go on, people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.With the success of cloning an adult mammal, the world was suddenly brought into the reality of human cloning. 1. Structure of TextPara.1 Para. 2-3 Para. 4-18 Para.19MENUReference Words:be amazed; worried2. Questions to Comprehension1) How did the world react to the first successfully cloned sheep? (para.3)MENUReference Words:clone a child, transplant donor, substitute for the original; clone themselves2)What are the two board categories human cloning situations often fall into? (para.5)MENUReference Words: physically identical; sharethe same environment, raised in the same family 3) According to the author, why are twins more alike than clones? (para.9)MENUReference Words:increase the chances, tissue match4) Why do some parents want to save their fatally ill child through cloning? (para.12)MENUReference Words:technology, could be realized5) Could cloned animals be used as organ donors? (para.13)MENUReference Words:creation, new and disrespected social class6) What is the gravest concern about human cloning for society? (para.18)3. Key WordsprohibitmounttransplantresemblebreedconfusionMENUMENU1) prohibit: v. forbid, esp. by law or rule 禁止，阻止TranslationThe government introduced a law prohibiting tobaccoadvertisements on TV.政府颁布法律禁止在电视上做香烟广告。