国际贸易实务讲义(Chapter 8 Export Business Negotiation and Conclusion of Contract)

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国际贸易实务 第八章

国际贸易实务 第八章

4) Re-inspection复验
If re-inspection is permitted by the contract, the time and place of re-inspection should be set out clearly. The choice of the time and place is largely related to the nature of commodity. . With regard to the place of re-inspection, there are several alternatives: on the dock, in bond (before paying Customs duty), final destination, and buyer’s business premises.
Commodity Inspection
1) Place and time of inspection 2) Inspection agency and certificate 3) Methods and standards of inspection 4) Re-inspection 5) Receipt and acceptance

1) Place and time of inspection 检验时间和地点
Shipping quality and quantity 出口国检验 Landed quality and quantity 进口国检验 Inspection at the port of shipment and reinspection at the port of destination 出口国 检验,进口国复验 Shipping quantity and landed quality 装运港 检验质量,目的港检验品质

国际贸易实务第八章课件

国际贸易实务第八章课件
1-平均保费率 进口货物保险金额= CFR价/1-平均保费率
二、办理投保手续和交付保险费 1、办理投保手续:出口合同采用CIF条件时,保 险由我方办理。出口企业在当地的保险公司办理
投保手续时,应根据买卖合同和信用证规定在备 妥货物并确定装运日期和运输工具后,按要求格 式逐笔填制投保单,具体列明被保险人名称、被 保险货物名称、数量、包装及标志、起讫地点、 运输工具名称、启航日期、投保的险别等,送交 保险公司投保,并交付保险费。 2、保险费:投保人交付保险费是保险合同生效 的前提条件。在被保险人交付保险费前,保险人 可以拒绝签发保险单据。保险费是保险人经营业
被保险的货物发生推定全损后,被保险人可以 要求保险人按部分损失赔偿;也可以要求按全部 损失赔偿。如果按全部损失赔偿,被保险人必须
向保险公司发出委付通知( Notice of abandonment)。 所谓委付就是被保险人表示愿意将保险标的的一 切权利和义务转移给保险人,并要求保险人按全 部损失赔偿的一种行为。委付必须经保险人同意 后方能生效,保险人应当在合理时间内将接受或 不接受委付的决定通知被保险人。委付一经保险 人接受,不得撤回。
3、保险责任起讫期: 所谓责任起讫期是指保险人对被保险货物承担
保险责任的有效时间。中国人民保险公司《海洋
运输货物保险条款》规定,平安险、水渍险、 一切险的承包责任起讫期均同国际保险市场的习 惯一样,采用“仓至仓”条款(Warehouse to
Warehouse clause ) 。即保险公司的保险责任 自被保险货物运离保险单上所载明的起运地仓库 或储存处所开始运输时生效,包括正常运输过程 中的海上、陆上、内河航运和驳船运输在内,直 至该项货物到达保险单上所载明的目的地收货人 的最后仓库或储存处所或被保险人用作分配、分 派或非正常运输的其他储存处所为止。

国际贸易实务-第八章共105页

国际贸易实务-第八章共105页

(3)班轮运费及其计收方法
班轮运费:指班轮承运人根据运输契约完成货物运输后, 按照班轮运价表的规定计算出价格,然后从托运人那里取 得的报酬。 班轮运价表:货物分级表、各航线费率表、附加费率表、 冷藏货和活牲畜费率表等。 班轮运费的构成:基本运费(指在正常条件下,普通货物 从装运港到卸货港所收的运费。)和附加费(是在基本运 费的基础上另加收的费用,如对一些需特殊处理的货物所 加收的费用,或由于突发事件、客观情况变化等原因所加 收的费用。)
(一)航空货物运输的方式
1.班机运输 班机运输是指在固定航线上,按固定时
间,固定始发站、目的站和途经站进行货 物运输的方式,一般为客货混载,因而舱 位有限。
2.包机运输
包机运输是指租机人租用整架飞机或若干租机人 合租一架飞机运送货物的方式。分为整架包机和 部分包机两种形式。整架包机适用于大宗货物的 运送,如能争取来回程都有货载,则可降低费用, 否则,单程载货运费很贵;部分包机适用于一吨 以上不足整机的多个客户货物的运输。运费相对 班机较低。
(2)定期租船
又称“期租船”或“期租”,是指由船舶所 有人将特定的船舶,按照租船合同的约定,在约 定的期限内租给承租人使用的一种租船方式。这 种租船方式以约定的 使用期限为船舶租期,而不 以完成航次数多少来计算。租赁期限由船舶所有 人和承租人根据实际需要约定,短则几个月,长 则几年、十几年,甚至到船舶报废为止。在租期 内,承租人利用租赁的船舶既可以进行不定期船 货物运输,也可以投入班轮运输,还可以在租期 内将船舶转租,以取得运费收入或谋取租金差额。
2.承运货物收据(CARGO RECEIPT)这是铁 路部门承运货物的收据,构成收货人或外运公司 与铁路部门的运输契约,是发货人办理对外结汇 的凭证。此收据用于国内铁路运输。

国际贸易实务讲义

国际贸易实务讲义

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本教程的章节安排
第一章:国际贸易术语 第二章:合同的品名、品质、数量和包装 第三章:国际货物运输 第四章:国际货物运输保险 第五章:进出口商品的价格 第六章:国际货款的收付 第七章:检验、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁 第八章:交易磋商和合同订立 第九章:进出口合同的履行 第十章:国际贸易方式
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参考书目
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法律适用问题案例
相关国内法:
美国《统一商法典》:承运人将货物交给记名提单的收 货人即完成交货义务,无须收货人出示正本提单。 中国《海商法》:
审理结果:
2002年1月,某海事法院经审理认为,处理本案应依照提 单背面条款确定适用法律,并由于双方争议发生在交货 地美国,依最密切联系原则也应适用美国法律,故适用 美国法律为准据法。因此,依照美国《统一商法典》的 相关规定,判决被告不承担赔偿责任。
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一、进出口贸易的一般业务程序(Procedure)
无论进口还是出口,一般都包括三个阶 段,即交易前的准备、商订合同和履行 合同。
(一)出口贸易的一般程序 (二)进口贸易的一般程序
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(一)出口贸易的一般程序
交易前的准备
主要包括:对国外市场进行调查研究,选择适销的目标市场 和客户;制定出口商品经营方案或价格方案;落实货源和做 好备货工作;开展多种形式的广告宣传和促销活动等。
国际贸易术语的作用
贸易术语是国际贸易惯例的一种。它是国际贸易发 展过程中的产物,又促进了国际贸易的发展。 简化交易手续 缩短磋商时间 减少贸易纠纷和节约费用等。
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二、有关贸易术语的国际贸易惯例
Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 《1932年华沙----牛津规则》 Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》 International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 《2000通则》(INCOTERMS2000)

《国际贸易实务》最新讲义

《国际贸易实务》最新讲义

《国际贸易实务》第一讲讲义题目:课程概述一、相关概念1.什么是国际贸易?国际贸易(International Trade)是指不同国家(和/或地区)之间的商品和劳务的交换活动。

国际贸易是商品和劳务的国际转移。

国际贸易也叫世界贸易。

国际贸易由进口贸易(Import Trade)和出口贸易(Export Trade)两部分组成,故有时也称为进出口贸易。

2.国际贸易是怎样产生的?国际贸易是在一定的历史条件下产生和发展起来的。

形成国际贸易的两个基本条件是:(1)社会生产力的发展;(2)国家的形成。

思考题:为什么社会生产力的发展与国家的形成是国际贸易形成的两个基本条件?3.国际贸易的分类有哪些?1)按商品移动的方向国际贸易可划分为进口贸易、出口贸易和转口贸易。

2)按商品的形态国际贸易可划分为有形贸易和无形贸易。

3)按生产国和消费国在贸易中的关系国际贸易可分为直接贸易和间接贸易。

4)按贸易内容分为服务贸易、加工贸易、商品贸易、一般贸易。

4.什么是“实务”?实务是指实际事务,他与理论等词相对。

就理论界而言,包括基本理论研究和实务理论研究,前者指研究原理性问题,后者则研究实际操作标准、操作方法、操作程序等问题。

5.什么是国际贸易实务?国际贸易实务是涉外经济与贸易各专业必修的一门专业基础课程。

国际贸易实务是一门专门研究国际间商品交换具体过程的学科,是一门具有涉外活动特点的实践性很强的综合性应用科学。

它涉及国际贸易理论与政策、国际贸易法律与惯例、国际金融、国际运输与保险等学科的基本原理与基本知识的运用。

二、课程概况三、学习本课程的目的与意义随着我国社会主义市场经济的完善与发展,我国的涉外经济与贸易活动更加活跃,只有掌握了国际贸易的实务知识,才能在进出口业务活动中,正确贯彻我国对外贸易的方针政策和经营意图,确保最佳经济效益,并且能按国际规范办事,使我们的基本做法能为国际社会普遍接受。

在我国加入” WTO“后,随着我国外贸经营权的进一步开放,我国对外贸人才的需求量是很大的,学好国际贸易理论和实务课程是当务之急。

国际贸易实务讲义Chapter8ExportBusinessNegotiationandConclu

国际贸易实务讲义Chapter8ExportBusinessNegotiationandConclu
2. Main contents of business negotiation
(1)Main terms of trade
It includes quality, quantity, packaging, price, delivering and terms of payment, etc.
(2)General Terms and Coion 4: Formation and main contents of contact
Section 1: Form and content of business negotiation
1. The form of business negotiation
Two forms: Oral form and written form
3. The offer shall indicate the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance
This intention may be indicated by terms as “firm” offer, “offer with engagement”, etc.
1. The offer shall be made to one or more specific persons
The offer shall be the definite representation in which the offeror expresses that he shall conclude transaction on the terms and conditions stipulated therein.
If the offer has a restrictive condition, i.e.,” subject to our final confirmation”, then it's a non-firm offer regarded as an invitation for offer.

国际贸易实务第八章

国际贸易实务第八章

Shipping order
This shipping order will be presented to the carrier at the time of loading.
Without a shipping order, goods are not allowed to be loaded.
In case of mandatory Inspection(法定检验)
Customs Clearance for Export Commodity 出口商品通关单
A customs clearance is issued by the customs or the authorized institution evidencing that the export commodities are released for export. It usually shows customs clearance number, the information of the goods, the contract number, and the voyage. In some cases, a shipping order with the signature by the customs or their agent can serve the same purpose. A customs clearance is required when the goods are to be loaded.
Shipping order
When the carrier or the agents are in receipt of the goods, they will mark and sign the shipping order properly so that the goods can be ready for export clearance. After the customs clearance, the Customs will stencil on the face of the shipping order evidencing that goods are cleared for exported.

国际贸易实务8

国际贸易实务8
岸价” • 性质不同:DES是实质性交货 • 风险划分不同:DES于目的港船上买方有效控制
货物时划分风险 • 费用不同:DES下卖方承担的费用包括了正常运
费和可能的不正常运费-DES才是真正的到岸价 ! • 付款方式不同:CIF术语成交常采用信用证方式 ;DES采用货到付款方式
国际贸易实务8
五、DEQ( Delivered Ex Quay,码头交货 )(指定 目的港)
PPT文档演模板
国际贸易实务8
向承运人交货的贸易术语CPT、CIP
五、CPT: Carriage Paid to (…named place of destination)即:运费付至(…指定目的地)
CPT=FCA+F(运费)
六 、 CIP : Carriage and Insurance Paid to ( …named place of destination),即运费保险费 付至(…指定目的地) CIP=CPT+I(保险费)
PPT文档演模板
国际贸易实务8
二、FAS(Free Alongside Ship,船边交货)(指定 装运港)
(一)FAS术语的含义
卖方在装运港将货物放置在码头或驳 船上靠船边,即履行交货义务。买方必 须自该时刻起,负担一切费用和风险。 FAS下,货物通关过境的出口许可证及 其他官方文件、出口清关手续由卖方办 理。
PPT文档演模板
国际贸易实务8
其他常用术语
• Cost and Insurance:成本及保费在内:简称C & I,在本条件下,卖方须负担至货越船舷的 风险,负责投保海上货物运输保险并支付保费 ;买方须负担自货越船舷起有关货物的一切风 险及保费以外的一切费用。
• CIF Cleared运保费通关费在内:本条件为CIF 的变型,除了卖方须多负担货物进口通关手续 及进口税捐外,与CIF没有区别。
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2. Offer
(1)The meaning of an offer
the definition of offer stipulated in“convention”
The party who makes an offer is called an offeror, in the case of the seller, the offer is called a selling offer, while in the case of the buyer, and it is called a buying offer.
❖(3) If offeree accepts the original offer after he made a counter-offer, the contract is invalid.
4. Acceptance
A statement made by …or other conduct of the offeree indicating assent to an offer is an acceptance. ❖(1) The meaning of acceptance ❖(2) The essential conditions of acceptance
telegram
2. Revocation
As to whether an offer can be revoked or not, different laws have
different explanations
The “convention” adopts a compromise regulation
Different views of the time that a written form offer becomes effective :
1、Despatch Theory 2、Arrival Theory
Both “convention” and our “contract law” adopt arrival theory.
(2)Stipulate a period of time for acceptance
As to this method, there is a question of computing validity time. See article 20 of “convention”.
2. If an offer doesn’t clearly stipulate the time of validity, it will be valid within a reasonable time.
price.
3. Acceptance shall be in accordance with the offer
4. Acceptance shall reach the offeror within the time of validity
5. The offeree in sending his acceptance should use the means authorized by the offer.
5. Withdrawal or revocation of an offer
1. Withdrawal
The British laws and the American laws have different
explanations to withdrawal
The spirit of “ Convention ” Suitable occasion for withdrawal: The offer is sent by mail or
If the offer has a restrictive condition, i.e.,” subject to our final confirmation”, then it’s a non-firm offer regarded as an invitation for offer.
(3) Time of Validity or Duration of Offer
Chapter 8 Export Business Negotiation and Conclusion of Contract
Abstract: This chapter tells the general procedures of business negotiation, the basical contents and establishment of contract, etc.
silence or in activity does not in itself amount to acceptance. ❖ Performing an Act. Usually, this means that the seller has
shipped the goods or the buyer has paid the purchasing
2. Contents of the offer shall be sufficiently definite, i.e., trade terms of the offer shall be complete, clear and final
(1)The “Convention” stipulates that a sufficiently definite offer should include three basic elements: name, quantity and price
1 Stipulate the term of validity clearly
The term of validity is not an indispensable condition of an offer
(1)Stipulate the latest date for acceptance
For example: OFFER SUBJECT TO REPLY HERE FIFTEENTH, JULY.
(2)The basic conditions of an offer
1. The offer shall be made to one or more specific persons
The offer shall be the definite representation in which the offeror expresses that he shall conclude transaction on the terms and conditions stipulated therein.
acceptance.
3. Counter-Offer
❖(1) A reply terms of the offer materially constitutes a counter-offer
❖(2) An acceptance with restrictive conditions is another form of counter-offer, such as “subject to our final confirmation”.
1. Acceptance shall be made by a specific offeree.
2. Acceptance shall be declared in certain ways
❖ Statement. ❖ Acceptance shall be declared orally or in a written form,
If the offeree varies the means the normal rule applies and the acceptance becomes effective only when it is actually communicated.
(3) Time that an acceptance becomes effective
3. The offer shall indicate the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance
This intention may be indicated by terms as “firm” offer, “offer with engagement”, etc.
Section 1: Form and content of business negotiation Section 2: general procedure in business negotiation Section 3: Establishment time and essential conditions
Section 2: general procedure in business negotiation
1. Inquiry
The seller and the buyer both can make an inquiry. Usually, the inquiry made by the buyer is also called bid, and the inquiry made by the seller is also called selling inquiry. Inquiry will not bind upon both parties, but usually when you received an inquiry, you should reply it as soon as possible
(2)In our foreign trade practice, a complete offer shall include the quality, quantity, packing, price, terms of delivery of the goods and terms of payment.
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