专业英语翻译第一章

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专业英语翻译

专业英语翻译第一章1.An open-loop control system utilizes an actuating device to control the process directly without using feedback.一个开环控制系统使用直接装置控制，而无需使用反馈的过程。

2.A close-loop control system uses a measurement of the output and feedback of this signal to compare it with the desired output(reference or command).闭环控制系统采用了输出的测量值和输出的反馈并将输出和期望输出进行比较（参考或命令）。

词汇automation自动化Close-loop feedback control system闭环反馈控制系统complexity of design复杂的设计control system控制系统feedback signal反馈信号engineering design工程设计，multivariable control system多变量控制系统negative feedback负反馈productivity生产力. robot机器人. specifications规格. synthesi s综合. trade-off权衡第二章1.A linear system satisfies the properties of superposition and homogeneity.线性系统满足叠加性和其次性。

2.The denominator polynominal q(s),when set equal to zero,is called the characteristic equation because the roots of this equation determine the character of the time reponse.当分母多项式q（S）设置等于零时称为特征方程，因为这个方程的根确定的时间响应的特点。

专业英语翻译第一章.doc

专业英语翻译第⼀章.doc注：电⽓⼯程及其⾃动化专业英语翻译 1~7⾯班级：1002班学号：20姓名：王定瑞PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC ENGINEERINGChapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals第1部分的电⽓⼯程基础第1章电路原理1.1 Electrostatic Charges1.1 静电荷Protons and electrons are parts of atoms that make up all things in our world. The positive charge of a proton is similar to the negative charge of an electron. However, a positive charge is the opposite of a negative charge. These charges are called electrostatic charges. Each charged particle is surrounded by an electrostatic field.质⼦和电⼦部件的原⼦构成⼀切事物在我们的世界。

正电荷的质⼦是类似于负电荷的电⼦。

然⽽,⼀个正电荷的反⾯是⼀个负电荷。

这些指控被称为静电荷。

每个带电粒⼦周围是⼀个静电场。

The effect that electrostatic charges have on each other is very important. They either repel (move away) or attract (come together) each other. It is said that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.这个效应,静电指控对⽅是⾮常重要的。

刚整理的专业英语课文翻译

第一单元Human bodyTo understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。

研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。

其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。

Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。

专业英语第一篇文章翻译

Historical Development of Matertials and TechnologyThe common engineering materials include metals, cementing materials, concrete building stones, clay products, insulating materials, timber. Some of them are described here from the stand-point of occurrence, manufacture, properties, methods of testing, and use.The development of materials with improved properties is a vital phase of engineering. Progress in engineering construction has been dependent on the availability of materials of suitable physical properties in large quantities; for example, the development of the modern automobile was critically dependent on availability of high quality alloy steels, and the all-metal airplane was made possible by the development of light weight high-strength alloys.◆Phase: 相；阶段。

◆a distinct period or stage in a process of change or forming part ofsomething's developmentExample：phase two of the development is in progress.◆第二阶段开发正在进行中。

专业英语完整翻译

Unit 1 Production of DrugsDepending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be split into three groups:I .Totally synthetic materials (synthetics)，Ⅱ.Natural products，andⅢ.Products from partial syntheses (semi-synthetic products).The emphasis of the present book is on the most important compounds of groups I and Ⅲ一thus Drug synthesis. This does not mean，however，that natural products or other agents are less important. They can serve as valuable lead structures，and they are frequently needed as starting materials or as intermediates for important synthetic products.Table 1 gives an overview of the different methods for obtaining pharmaceutical agents.1单元生产的药品其生产或出身不同药剂可以分为三类：1。

完全（合成纤维）合成材料，Ⅱ。

天然产物，和Ⅲ。

产品从（半合成产品）的部分合成。

本书的重点是团体的最重要的化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ一所以药物合成。

这并不意味着，但是，天然产品或其他代理人并不太重要。

它们可以作为有价值的领导结构，他们常常为原料，或作为重要的合成中间体产品的需要。

专业英语课文翻译

Lesson 1 Why GIS?现在，许多组织在地理信息系统和地理数据库方面花费大量的金钱。

预言显示，在整个下一个十年，将有数十亿美元花费在这些上面。

为什么在现今成为现实，而在仅仅几年前，GIS还是稀有之物？迅速下降的计算机硬件成本，使得能够负担得起GIS的人迅速增多，范围变广。

更重要的是，我们终于认识到，地理学（和数据描述的地理学）是我们日常生活环境的部分：几乎我们所做的每一个决策都是被一些地学事实所限制，所影响，或是所支配的。

我们派消防车以最快的速度，尽可能短的路径到达着火现场。

我们的中央政府经常根据人口数量拨款物给地方政府。

我们通过确认疾病的流行地区和传播速度来研究疾病。

这种对地理信息的需求与对GIS的需要相吻合，解释了它迅速普及的原因。

然而，如此概括不能够解释GIS为什么能帮助和怎样帮助你。

首先，你必须知道GIS 是什么和它能用来做什么。

下面的主题将帮助你理解GIS。

GIS是什么？在1980年代，GIS的使用显著地增长。

现在，对企业、政府和学术界来说，运用GIS 的许多不同的应用已是寻常之事。

因而GIS的许多定义已经出现了。

例如，翻到本书的词汇表，你将发现GIS被描述为：由计算机硬件、软件、地理数据和人员构成的有机集成，被设计来有效搜集、储存、更新、处理、分析和展示各种空间相关信息。

尽管这个定义正确、全面、并被广泛接受，但它对初学GIS的人帮助不多。

当你读完此工作手册，这个定义的含义将变得清晰，但目前，考虑一个更简单的定义：能够支持和使用数据描述地表区域的计算机系统。

空间操作许多计算机程序，诸如spreadsheets, statistics packages, 或drafting packages能处理简单的地理或空间数据，那么，为什么他们不是通常所认为的是GIS呢？一个通常被接受的回答是，如果它允许对数据进行空间操作，这样的GIS才是GIS。

作为一个例子，考虑下面的表格：这个表格表明，在所选择的活动中心，从事GIS某一方面工作者的大致数量。

大学-英语专业-精读教材第一单元课文内容及翻译

大学英语专业精读教材第一单元课文内容及翻译《Half a Day》一、①I walked alongside my father ,clutching his right hand.（走在父亲的身旁，我紧紧地抓住他的右手）②All my clothes were new : the black shoes , the green school uniform ,and the red cap.（那时，我穿着黑鞋子，绿校服，戴着红帽子，它们都是新的。

）③They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for first time.（然而，因为今天是我第一次被送去上学，所以这些衣服并没有给我带来一丝快乐。

）二、①My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help.（母亲站在窗前望着我们缓缓前行，我也不时地回头看她，希望会从她那里得到帮助。

）②We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops, pears, and date palms.（我们沿着街道走着，街道两旁是花园和田野，田野里栽满了梨树和椰枣树。

）三、①“Why school ?”I asked my father .“What haveI done ?”（“我为什么要去上学？”我问父亲，“是我做错了什么吗？”）四、①“I’m not punishing you,”he said ,laughing.“School’s not a punishment. It’s a place that makes useful men out of boys. Don’t you want to be useful like your brothers?”（“我不是在惩罚你，”父亲笑着说道，“上学不是一种惩罚。

(完整版)电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一章课文翻译

第一章第一篇sectiongTwo variables u(t) and i(t) are the most basic concepts in an electric circuit, they characterize the various relationships in an electric circuitu(t)和i(t)这两个变量是电路中最基本的两个变量，它们刻划了电路的各种关系。

Charge and CurrentThe concept of electric charge is the underlying principle for explaining all electrical phenomena. Also, the most basic quantity in an electric circuit is the electric charge. Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C).电荷和电流电荷的概念是用来解释所有电气现象的基本概念。

也即，电路中最基本的量是电荷。

电荷是构成物质的原子微粒的电气属性，它是以库仑为单位来度量的。

We know from elementary physics that all matter is made of fundamental building blocks known as atoms and that each atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons. We also know that the charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.60210×10 19C, while a proton carries a positive charge of the same magnitude as the electron. The presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged.我们从基础物理得知一切物质是由被称为原子的基本构造部分组成的，并且每个原子是由电子，质子和中子组成的。

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注：电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译 1~7面班级：1002班学号：20姓名：王定瑞PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC ENGINEERINGChapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals第1部分的电气工程基础第1章电路原理Electrostatic Charges静电荷Protons and electrons are parts of atoms that make up all things in our world. The positive charge of a proton is similar to the negative charge of an electron. However, a positive charge is the opposite of a negative charge. These charges are called electrostatic charges. Each charged particle is surrounded by an electrostatic field.质子和电子部件的原子构成一切事物在我们的世界。

正电荷的质子是类似于负电荷的电子。

然而,一个正电荷的反面是一个负电荷。

这些指控被称为静电荷。

每个带电粒子周围是一个静电场。

他们要么排斥(离开)或吸引(一起)每个其他。

据说,同种电荷排斥和异种电荷吸引。

The atoms of some materials can be made to gain or lose electrons. The material then becomes charged. One way to do this is to rub a glass rod with a piece of silk cloth. The glass rod loses electrons ( - ) , so it now has a positive ( + ) charge. The silk cloth pulls electrons ( - ) away from the glass. Since the silk cloth gains new electrons, it now has a negative ( - ) charge. Another way to charge a material is to rub a rubber rod with fur.原子的一些材料可以获得或失去电子。

材料然后变成带电。

一个办法是摩擦玻璃棒用一块丝绸。

玻璃棒失去电子(-),所以它现在有了一个积极的(+)费用。

丝绸布拉电子(-)远离玻璃。

因为丝绸布获得新电子,现在有一个负(-)费用。

另一种方式收取材料是磨橡胶棒带毛皮。

It is also possible to charge other materials because some materials are charged when they are brought close to another charged object. If a charged rubber rod is touched against another material, the second material may become charged. 2 Remember that materials are charged due to the movement of electrons and protons. Also, remember that when an atom loses electrons ( - ), it becomes positive ( + ). These facts are very important in the study of electronics.也有可能收取其他材料,因为一些材料费用当他们带来了接近另一个带电物体。

如果一个带电橡胶棒是感动与另一个材料,第二材料可能成为带电。

2记住材料被指控由于电子和质子的运动。

同时,也要记住,当一个原子失去电子(-),它成为积极的(+)。

这些事实是非常重要的在学习电子产品。

Charged materials affect each other due to lines of force. These imaginary lines cannot be seen. However, they exert a force in all directions around a charged material. Their force is similar to the force of gravity around the earth. This force is called a gravitational field.带电材料互相影响由于力线。

这些假想的线不能被看到。

然而,他们施加一个力向四面八方围绕一个带电材料。

他们的力量是类似于重力围绕地球。

这个力称为引力场。

Most people have observed the effect of static electricity. Whenever objects become charged, it is due to static electricity. A common example of static electricity is lightning. Lightning is caused by a difference in charge ( + and - ) between the earth's surface and the clouds during a storm. The arc produced by lightning is the movement of charges between the earth and the clouds. Another commoneffect of static electricity is being "shocked" by a doorknob after Walking across a carpeted floor. Static electricity also causes clothes taken from a dryer to cling together and hair to stick to a comb.大多数人已经观察到效果的静电。

每当对象成为带电,这是由于静电。

一个常见的例子,静电是闪电。

闪电是由一个不同的电荷(+,-)在地球表面和云在风暴。

电弧产生的闪电是运动和地球之间的指控的云。

另一个常见的效应的静电被“震惊”,一个门把手走在铺着地毯的地板。

静电也导致衣服是从一个干燥机抱在一起,头发坚持一个梳Electrical charges are used to filter dust and soot in devices called electrostatic filters. Electrostatic precipitators are used in power plants to filter the exhaust gas that goes into the air. Static electricity is also used in the manufacture of sandpaper and in the spray painting of automobiles. A device called an electroscope is used to detect a negative or positive charge.大多数人已经观察到效果的静电。

每当对象成为带电,这是由于静电。

一个常见的例子,静电是闪电。

闪电是由一个不同的电荷(+,-)在地球表面和电荷是用来过滤灰尘和烟尘在设备称为静电过滤器。

静电除尘器用于发电厂来过滤废气,进入空气。

静电也用于制造砂纸和喷漆的汽车。

了一种叫做验电器是用来检测一个消极或积极的电荷。

Conductors, Insulators and SemiconductorsConductors导体、绝缘体和半导体导体A material through which current flows is called a conductor. A conductor passes electric current very easily. Copper and aluminum wire are commonly used as conductors. Conductors are said to have low resistance to electrical current flow. Conductors usually have three or fewer electrons in the outer orbit of their atoms. Remember that the electrons of an atom orbit around the nucleus. Many metals are electrical conductors. Each metal has a different ability to conduct electric current. Materials with only one outer orbit or valence electron (gold, silver, copper) are the best conductors. For example, silver is a better conductor than copper, but it is too expensive to use in large amounts. Aluminum does not conduct electrical current as well as copper, but it is commonly used, since it is cheaper and lighter than other conductors. Copper is used more than any other conductor.一个材料电流流经它叫做导体。