练习题

Part I : True or False , Please write the answer in the form below.1 Frederick Taylor's efforts marked the beginning of the Systems Approach.TrueFalse2 The three most common management roles are interpersonal roles, information-related roles, and decision-making roles.TrueFalse3 A hypothesis is an idea about the way something works, whereas a principle is a basic truth or law.TrueFalse4 In the interpersonal communication process, an initial message is sent from the sender to the receiver.TrueFalse5 Instead of asking a receiver to explain what he or she has heard, it is much better to aska person if he or she understands the message.TrueFalse6 Most business decisions in today's organizations are made under conditions of certainty. TrueFalse7 Creativity refers to doing new things, whereas innovation refers to coming up with a new idea.TrueFalse8 Contingency planning is mostly necessary when a company is in a stable environment. TrueFalse9 A mission defines the basic purpose or purposes of the organization.TrueFalse10 A rule is a series of related steps or tasks expressed in chronological order for a specific purpose.TrueFalse11 Power is the ability to influence, command, or apply forceTrueFalse12 The trend in today's organizations is towards more centralizationTrueFalse13 Flextime allows employees to choose, within certain limits, when they start and end their workdays.TrueFalse14 In a line organization, authority originates at the top and moves downward in a line. TrueFalse15 The halo effect occurs when the interviewer allows a single prominent characteristic to dominate judgement of all other traitsTrueFalse16 The causation sequence for motivation is: Needs >> Drives or motives >> Achievement of goals.TrueFalse17 The expectancy approach states that an employee's level of motivation depends on three basic beliefs: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.TrueFalse18 Satisfaction and motivation are synonymous.TrueFalse19 A theory Y leader would likely use a much more authoritarian style of leadership than a theory X leader.TrueFalse20 A leader that makes most decisions for the group is a democratic leaderTrueFalse21 When practicing control, the manager must be able to balance stability and objective realization.TrueFalse22 A control tolerance is any variance from the standard that is unacceptable to the manager.TrueFalse23 Informational controls are the top level of the control pyramid TTrueFalse24 Behavior control and output control are substitutes for each other TTrueFalsePartⅡChoice, Please write the answer in form below1 Directing and channeling human behavior toward the accomplishment of objectives is which of the following?ControllingPlanningOrganizingStaffingLeading2 __________ skills help a manager understand how different parts of a business relate to one another and to the business in general.Human relationsConceptualEntrepreneurialTechnicalLeadership3 Operating a word process system and designing a brochure are examples of:technical skillsconceptual skills.managerial skillsstrategy implementation skillshuman relations skills4 _____________ is the process of drawing a general conclusion from specific examples. ObservationConcludingGuessworkHypothesizingDeduction5 An emphasis on specialization and division is part of which approach?Scientific management approachTotal quality management approachSystems approachProcess approachHuman relations approach6 The invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from moving up in business is commonly referred to as the:road blockvisible wallpoint of no returnglass ceilingcorporate barricade7 Which of the following is NOT one of Fayol's 14 principles of management?Division of workAuthorityUnity of commandQuality controlRemuneration8 Which approach to management focuses on the functions of planning, controlling, organizing, staffing, and leading?The Systems approachThe Human Relations approach.The Scientific Management approach.The Process approachThe Management Theory Jungle approach.9 Which method attempts to integrate American and Japanese management practices? The Contingency approachTotal quality managementTheory ZThe Systems approachThe Human Relations approach10 ___________ was the first person to identify planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling as the functions of management.Henry DennisonMary Parker FollettFrederick W. TaylorFrank GilbrethHenri Fayol11 is the act of exchanging information.ParalanguageFeedbackCommunicationListeningSpeaking12 Which of the following is NOT a reason why communication is an important management skill?Managers must give direction to the people who work for them.Managers must be able to motivate people.Managers must be able to convince customers that they should do business with them. Managers must override the ideas of others.Managers must be able to persuade other people13 is an interactive process between individuals that involves sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages.ParalanguageFeedbackInterpersonal communicationActive listeningGrapevine communication14 Which of the following is NOT a cause of interpersonal communication failure?Conflicting assumptionsToo much feedbackInadequate communication skillsDifferent interpretations of the meaning of wordsDifferences in perception15 To communicate effectively, managers need to answer all of the following questions EXCEPT:What does the audience already know?What does the audience want to know?What is its capacity for absorbing information?Is the audience friendly or hostile?Are members of the audience personally acquainted with the speaker?16 is absorbing what another person is saying and responding to the person's concerns. FeedbackPerceptionActive listeningPassive listeningParalanguage17 Feedback is the flow of information:from the sender to the receiver.from the receiver to the sender.between two message senders.between two message receivers.that occurs nonverbally between two individuals.18 Pitch, tempo, loudness, and hesitations in verbal communications are examples of: body language.paralanguage.semantics.Feedbackperception.19 Principles of Good Writing include writing as simply and clearly as possible, making sure that tone and content are appropriate for the audience, and:proofreading the document.including technical terms to appear more smart.keeping sentences long.using unrestrained, emotional language.using jargon and slang20 Which of the following is NOT a rule of thumb for improving oral communication skills? Address listeners by name whenever possible.Avoid interrupting others.Always be courteous.Avoid empty sounds or words such as "uh".Speak in a monoton21 Informal channels of communication within an organization are referred to as: Intranetsfocus groupssemanticsgrapevines.cliques.22 The design stage of the decision process entails:inventing, developing, and analyzing possible courses of action.searching the environment for conditions requiring a decision.actual selection of a course of action.gathering information on various choices.creating an MIS system that makes a decision for you.23 A decision making approach that uses some type of deductive reasoning is called a(n): risk-averting approach.intuitive approach.rational approach.irrational approachrisk-seeking approach.24 refers to selecting the first alternative that meets the decision maker's minimum standard of satisfaction.OptimizingSatisfyingSatisficingRisk avertingProblem solving25 If the weather forecaster says that there is a 40 percent chance of rain, the decision maker is operating in a situation of:certainty.RiskUncertaintyMaximaxno risk.26 is a conception, explicit or implicit, defining what an individual or a group regards as desirable.A valueCreativityInnovationBrainstormingA concept27 All of the following are rules for the first phase of brainstorming EXCEPT:no criticism is allowed.praise of ideas is allowed.no questions or discussion of ideas is allowed.combinations of ideas are encourageimprovements on ideas are encouraged.28 Which of the following is NOT one of the six stages of the Model for Creative Decision Making?Resource FindingProblem FindingIdea FindingSolution Finding29 A plan that originates from marketing, finance, or personnel is called a:short-range plancontingency planfunctional planstrategic plantactical plan.30 A __ plan is analogous to top-level long-range planning that affects many parts of the organization.Strategicshort-rangefunctionalContingencytactical31 A strategy is used when an organization is satisfied with its present course.corporatebusinessstabilityconstancyfunctional32 A strategy designed to produce and deliver the product or service at a lower cost than the competition is called:differentiation.focus.quality leadership.overall cost leadership.overall cost leadership.33 Concentration, vertical integration, and diversification are examples of:corporate strategies.growth strategies.defensive strategiescombination strategies.stability strategies.34 The strategic plan is monitored, evaluated, and updated in which phase of the strategic management process?ImplementationEvaluationAppraisalMaintenance35 _ are statements outlining what the organization is trying to achieve, and give an organization and its members direction.PoliciesStrategiesFormal plansFunctional plansObjectives36 _ are broad, general guides to action that constrain or direct the attainment of objectives.ProceduresPoliciesObjectivesStrategiesRules37 A SWOT analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT:Strengthsweaknesses.opponents.OpportunitiesThreats38 Which of the following is NOT part of the Five Forces Model of Competition?Threat of entry by potential competitorsThreat of substitute productsRivalry among established firmsBargaining power of suppliersBargaining power of competitors39 _ is a form of centralization that involves giving subordinates substantial authority to make decisions.ResponsibilityAccountabilityDelegationEmpowermentFlextime40 Which principle states that authority and responsibility coincide?Parity principleException principleUnity of command principleSpan of management principleScalar principle41 The number of subordinates that a manager can effectively manage is called:the exception principle.the span of management.unity of command.the scalar principleself-management42 is the framework that defines the boundaries of the formal organization and within which the organization operates.Organizational structureStrategy formulationProcess managementOutsourcingDepartmentation43 The practice of subcontracting information systems work to an independent outside source is called:ExportingLicensingFranchisingSubcontractingOutsourcing44 Functions directly involved in producing and marketing the organization's goods and services are called:staff functionsmatrix functionsline functionsproduct functionsvirtual functions45 Human resource attempts to determine the future human resource needs of the organization in light of its objectives.predictingforecastingtransitionplanning46 Which interview technique is being used when a prospective employee is placed in action situations that might be encountered on the job?Semi-structured interviewSituational interviewCircumstantial interviewCase interviewStress interview47 deals with what activates human behavior, what directs this behavior toward a particular goal, and how this behavior is sustained.ReinforcementValenceEnrichmentMotivationEquity48 is based on the idea that people want to be treated fairly in relationship to others. The fairness approachEquity theoryThe expectancy approachReinforcement theoryThe motivation-maintenance49 Who developed the hierarchy of needs?B. F. SkinnerFrederick HerzbergDavid C. McClellandFrederick W. TaylorAbraham Maslow50 A measure of a person's potential to get others to do what he or she wants them to do, as well as to avoid being forced by others to do what he or she does not want to do is called: LeadershipAuthorityResponsibilityPowerequity.51 ______ is the right to issue directives and expend resources.ConsiderationResponsibilityLeadershipAuthority52 It has generally been found that, if a manager's expectations are high, productivity is likely to be high. This phenomenon refers tothe path-goal theorycountry club managementthe self-fulfilling prophecyY theoryorganizational man management53 Which of the following is a Theory X assumption?The average human being has an inherent dislike of workThe expenditure of physical and mental effort in work are as natural as play or rest Commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievement. The average human being learns not only to accept but to seek responsibilityUnder the conditions of modern industrial life, the intellectual potentialities of the average human being are only partially utilized54 What type of leader allows people within the group to make all decisions?Autocratic leaderDemocratic leaderSocialist leaderLaissez-faire leaderQuid-pro-quo leader55 Which of the following is NOT one of the five management styles on the Managerial Grid? Authority-Obedience ManagementImpoverished ManagementOrganizational Man ManagementTeam ManagementGolf Course Management56 The ________________ theory of leadership attempts to define the relationships between a leader's behavior and the subordinates' performance and work activities. TransformationalServantTraitSituationalPath-goal57 Which of the following is NOT a leader behavior in path-goal theory?Autocratic leadershipParticipative leadershipSupportive leadershipTransactional leadershipRole classification leadership58 ________________ is the process of ensuring that organizational activities are going according to plan.ControlFeedbackSupportMonitoringRegulation59 To manage control, a manager should do any of the following EXCEPT:customize outputs.appraise employee performance.prevent crisesupdate plansprotect the organization's assets60 A system in which outputs from the system affect future inputs or future activities is called a(n):Bstandard systemfeedback system.monitoring systemcorrection systemcontrol system.61 The three requirements for the process of control are establishing standards, correcting deviancies, and:giving feedbacktesting methodsadjusting tolerancesmonitoring resultschanging responses62 A _______ is a value used as a point of reference for comparing other values.modelgaugestandardtemplatecontrol63 Tools used for correcting deviations in control should have all of the followingcharacteristics EXCEPT: BThey should be used to eliminate root causes of a problemThey should be applied piecemeal rather than totally.They should be simple and straightforward.They should be easy for employees to tie to goals or standards for improvement.They should be capable of correcting defects.64 Which of the following is NOT a level in the control pyramid?Foolproof controlAutomatic controlOperator controlCompetitor controlInformational control65 When deciding just how much control should be exercised in an organization, the three major factors that must be appraised are: (1) economic considerations, (2) flexibility and innovation considerations, and (3):competitor considerationsstructural considerationssupervisory considerationsautomatic considerations.behavioral considerations66 A control method that is based on direct, personal surveillance is called:postaction controlobservation controlbehavior controloutput controlconcurrent control.67 A method of exercising control to prevent a problem from occurring is called: preliminary controlconcurrent controlpostaction controlbehavior controloutput control。