直接引语和间接引语--高中语法
高三英语语法总复习——直接引语和间接引语
Review
The direct and indirect speech
直接引语和间接引语
什么是直接引语和间接引语
直接引语：直接引述别人的话，用“ ”。 间接引语：转述别人的话，不用“ ”。
（直接引语和间接引语通常出现在宾语从句中）
John said,”I like reading adventure stories.” John said that he liked reading advent的直接引语变为间接引语 陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 祈使句
直接引语为陈述句时
用that引导间接引语，that 可以省略 say to sb. tell sb. She said,”I’ll go there tomorrow.” She said that she’ll go there the next day. She said to me,”I broke your CD player.” She told me that she had broken my CD player.
直接引语为一般疑问句
用if 或whether 引导间接引语 用陈述句的语序 say 变为ask
He said,”Is Lucy interested in English?” He asked if Lucy was interested in English.
直接引语为特殊疑问句
用原来的疑问词引导 用陈述句的语序 say 变为ask “What can I do for you?” he said to me. He asked me what he could do for me.
He said (that) he was afraid he could’t finish the work. She said,”My sister was here one week ago.” She said (that) her sister had been here one week before. She said,”I’ll come here this evening.” She said (that) she would come here that evening
高一英语直接引语和间接引语,被动语态,虚拟语气,定语从句语法知识总结和练习
一．直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。
间接引语一般构成宾语从句。
直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。
直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1．时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said， asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。
例如：Tom said to me，“My brother is doing his homework．”→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework．2．人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化：根据意义进行相应的变化，例如：She asked Jack，“Where have you been?”→She asked Jack where he had been．He said，“These books are mine．”→He said that those books were his．（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if；如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。
转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me， him， her， us等。
如：She said，“Is your father at home?”→She asked me if/whether my father was at home．“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me．→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday．直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气（即请求或命令）加上ask， tell， order 等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。
高中英语语法直接引语和间接引语含练习题
直接引语与间接引语一．基本概念1、直接引语：一字不改地引述别人的话He said,“I am a student．”(带引号)2．间接引语：用说话人自己的话转述别人的话 He said he was a student．二．直接引语变间接引语（一）（人称变换规则同下）1．如果直接引语所在的句中的谓语动词是现在时或将来时态,改为间接引语时,时态不变.Eg.He says “I didn’t go to school today.”He says that he didn’t go to school that day .2．如果直接引语讲述的是客观真理现象,改为间接引语时,其一般现在时不变. Eg.The teacher said ,“The earth is round .”The teacher said that the earth is round .三．直接引语变间接引语（二）1．如果说话时间与引述时间不同,即引述某人过去说过的话,则动词时态要作相应的变化即动词时态一律向过去推移一步.（主句为过去式时）2．变换规则（指的是间接引语中的从句部分）（1）人称的变化 ------ 一随主,二随宾,三不变（2）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化1〉指示代词的变化this---- that these----those2〉时间状语的变化now---- then,ago---- before,today----that day,yesterday----the daybefore,tomorrow----the next day,the day before yesterday----two daysbefore,the day after tomorrow----two days later,next week/month,etc.---- the next week/month,st week/month,etc.---- the week/month before3〉地点状语的变化here----there4〉动词的变化come----go（3）时态的变化1〉一般现在时-------一般过去时2〉现在进行时-------过去进行时3〉现在完成时-------过去完成时4〉一般过去时-------过去完成时5〉过去完成时-------过去完成时6〉一般将来时-------过去将来时四．变换类型1．直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句,用that引导（口语中可以省略）.e．g．直接引语：The teacher told the students,“I will give you a surprise．”间接引语：The teacher told the students that she would give them asurprise．2．直接引语为疑问句（1）直接引语为一般疑问句时,由whether或if引导,用陈述句的语序e．g．直接引语：He said to us,“Are you going away today?”间接引语：He asked us whether/if we were going away that day．直接引语为疑问句（2）直接引语为特殊疑问句时,其关联词用相应的疑问代词或疑问副词,其后用陈述语序e．g．直接引语：She asked,“Who will help me finish the job?”间接引语：She asked who would help her finish the job．e．g．直接引语：He asked,“What have you done?”间接引语：He asked what I had done．直接引语为疑问句（3）直接引语为选择疑问句,变为间接引语时应用whether…or…e．g．直接引语：“Do you like tea or coffee?” she asked me.间接引语：She asked me whether I liked tea or coffee．3．直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引语时将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式.它的否定是在to前加not.它没有时态的变化.其他的变化和直接引语是陈述句的情况相同.e．g．直接引语：I said to her,“Please give me a glass of water.”间接引语：I asked her to give me a glass of water．直接引语：He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”间接引语：He told the boys not to make so much noise.4．直接引语为感叹句直接引语若是感叹句,变为间接引语时多采用宾语从句结构,即可用what或how 引导,也可用that引导e．g．直接引语：“ What a clever boy you are!” ,my teacher said to him.间接引语：My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy.英语小题集练——直接引语和间接引语1、— Could you tell me ______?—Yes. It’s next to the supermarket.A．where the post office isB．where was the post officeC．where is the post officeD．where the post office was2、My brother said, “I’m watching TV now.”My brother said watching TV .A．he, was, now B．I, was, thenC．I, am, that day D．he, was, then3、—Do you know____________?—It’s about ten minutes’ walk.A．how many minutes do you walk to the nearest hospitalB．which is the way to the nearest hospitalC．how long did you reach the nearest hospitalD．how far it is to the nearest hospital from here4、-- Do you know ________ the new computer yesterday? -- Sorry, I have no idea.A．how much did she pay for B．how much will she pay forC．how much she paid for D．how much she will pay for5、Jenny is on holiday now. I wonder ________.A．when she will come back B．when she came backC．when will she come back D．when did she come back6、Would you please tell me ______ this book?A．where you bought B．where did you buyC．where you buy D．where do you buy7、— Could you tell me_____ ?— About half an hour.A．how long it takes to walk to the Science and Technology Museum from schoolB．how long it took to walk to the Science and Technology Museum from schoolC．how far was it to walk to the Science and Technology Museum from schoolD．how far it was to walk to the Science and Technology Museum from school．8、I ______ that he’s a hardworking teacherA．never doubt B．always doubt C．seldom ask D．often wonder答案1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、直接引语和间接引语专项练习一、把下列的句子变成间接引语：1. “I’m leaving for London next week.” My sister said to me.2. John said, “Mr. Smith has come here.”3. She said, “Do you want me to help you?”4. “Does the man in the shop find his wallet at last?” She said.5. Mum said to the newcomer, “Can you speak English?”6. “How many people are there in your family?” He asked the boy.7. He said to me, “I have left my book in your room.” 8. Kitty said “I’ll call again after supper this evening.” 9. S he said, “I will come here again tonight.” 10. He said, “I arrived yesterday morning.” 11. She said , “My sister will be back tomorrow morning.” 12. “Who lives next door?” she asked.13. He said , “I have lost my umbrella.” 14. Paul said, “I’m trying to get a taxi.” 15. “Frank, I came to return you the book,” Henry said.16. He asked me, “Are you a teacher or a student?” 二、把下列句子变成直接引语：23. Father asked me who had broken the window.24. She asked me which one I liked the best.25. He asked whether I had watched TV the night before.26. Jim asked me if I was busy that day.27. Pick said that he would take Mary there the next time.三、扩展练习：宾语从句。
高中英语直接引语和间接引语
直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语变间接引语A．陈述句的间接引语直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。
与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
She said, We are very fond of sports. 她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。
→ She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。
I'll go over the grammar lesson once again, he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。
（that可省略）B．疑问句的间接引语1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know等。
句末不用问号。
My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？→ My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he. 他问：你没去过北，是吗？→ He asked me if/whether I had been to Beijing. 他问我是否去过北京。
2．否定的一般疑问句和选择问句如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whether…or 连接。
(完整)高中英语直接引语和间接引语讲解
“What about having a drink?”he asked.
他问：喝杯怎么样？
He suggested having a drink. 他建议喝一杯。
②．advise sb to do
“Why don't you go hiking”, asked James.
他说：你看起来气色多好啊！
→ He said how well I looked.
他说我看起来是气色多好啊。
2．有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接宾语来转述。
“Help!”, he cried. 他喊到：救命啊！
→ He called for help. 他大声呼救。
“What a clever boy you are!”, my teacher said to him.
老师对他说，你是个聪明的孩子啊！
→ My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.
老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。
He said,“How well you look!”.
直接引语和间接引语
不同句式的间接引语
定义
引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。
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直接引语为陈述句
直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。主句中如果有say to sb., 通常变为tell sb. 与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
高中语法专题解析直接引语和间接引语
高中语法专题解析直接引语和间接引语高中语法专题解析：直接引语和间接引语引言:语法是语言学习的重要组成部分，它的准确运用对于提高语言表达能力至关重要。
在高中语法学习中，直接引语和间接引语是一项重要的知识点。
本文将通过对直接引语和间接引语的定义、区别以及应用进行详细解析，帮助读者理解和掌握这一语法专题。
一、直接引语和间接引语的定义直接引语是指直接引用某人的语句或话语，使用人称和时态保持一致，用引号括起来，在句中用冒号或逗号进行引出。
间接引语则是将他人的语句或话语进行转述，在句中用连词引导。
二、直接引语和间接引语的区别1.语句的表达方式：直接引语以引号括起来，保留原话语的原始形式；间接引语将原话语转述成自己的句子形式。
例如：直接引语：他说：“我明天要去旅行。
”间接引语：他说他明天要去旅行。
2.人称和时态的变化：直接引语中的人称和时态保持不变；而间接引语需要将引语中的人称和时态进行调整。
例如：直接引语：他说：“我喜欢读书。
”间接引语：他说他喜欢读书。
3.引导方式：直接引语使用冒号或逗号进行引导；间接引语则通过连词引导。
例如：直接引语：他说：“请帮我一个忙。
”间接引语：他说请帮他一个忙。
三、直接引语和间接引语的应用1.直接引语的应用：直接引语可以用于引述某人的观点、陈述事实，或者引用他人的对话和指令。
在写作中，适当运用直接引语可以增强表达的真实感和可信度。
例如：他说：“我非常喜欢这本书。
”老师对学生们说：“请明天都准时参加班会。
”2.间接引语的应用：间接引语常用于转述他人的言论、陈述和观点，尤其在叙述他人对某事物的看法时常用到。
例如：他说他非常喜欢那本书。
老师告诉学生们明天都要准时参加班会。
四、注意事项1.时态的变换：在进行间接引语转述时，时态通常要进行相应的变换。
一般情况下，直接引语中的一般现在时转变为间接引语中的过去时，一般过去时转变为过去完成时。
例如：他说：“我喜欢这首歌。
”（直接引语）他说他喜欢那首歌。
高考英语专项语法,直接引语和间接
专题二十直接引语和间接I、重点难点解析一、直接引语和间接引语的区别：三、各种句型的直接引语改成间接引语时的相应变化：II、实战演练每空填一个单词，将下列直接引语变为间接引语。
1. My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”→---- My father said practice _____ perfect.2. The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”→---- The boy told us he usually _______ ______ at six every day.3. The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”→---- The engineer said he _____ at college in 1967.4. My uncle said,“I sowed my carrot seed yesterday.”----My uncle said carrot seed .5. The farmers said,“We picked these cabbages three days ago.”----The farmers said that cabbages `. 6. He sked me,“What's the weather going to be like tomorrow?”----He asked me the weather to be like .7. The teacher said to us ,“Light travells much faster than sound.”----The teacher light .8. She said to me ,“I've left my fork in your room.”----She that fork in .9. He said,“I will come here tonight.”----He said that .10.“Did you plant rice last week?”he said to us.----He planted rice .11. .“Are you ready,children?”asked Mrs Li.----Mrs Li asked ready.12. .“Where is your brother ploughing now?”he asked.----He asked brother ploughing . 13.She said,“How many times do you harvest crops every year,Mike?”----She asked how many times crops every year.14.“Can I borrow this book of yours,Miss Gao?”asked the boy.----The boy asked Miss Gao borrow of .15.“How long did it take you to remove the weeds?”he asked the farmers.----He asked the farmers how long the weeds.16.“Please have a rest,”the farmer said to us.----The farmer a rest.17.One of the students said,“Let me go on with the farm work,Uncle Wang.”----One of the students Uncle Wang with the farm work. 18. .“Don't take off your blouse, ”Lily said t o Lucy.----Lily asked Lucy blouse.答案：1 makes 2. gets up 3. was 4. .that he had sowed his, the day before 5.they had picked those, three days before 6.what,was going, the next day 7.told us ,travels much faster than sound 8.told me, she had left her, my room 9.he would go there that night 10.asked us if (whether) we had, the week before 11.her children if (whether) they were 12.me where my, was ,then 13.Mike,he harvested 14.if (whether )he could, that book ,hers 15.it had taken to remove 16.asked us to have 17.asked,to let him go on 18.not to take off her。
高中语法的秘密直接间接引语的使用
高中语法的秘密直接间接引语的使用高中语法的秘密：直接间接引语的使用在学习语法的过程中，高中生们经常会遇到引语的使用问题。
掌握直接和间接引语的差异以及正确运用它们，对于写作和理解他人的观点都非常重要。
本文将介绍直接和间接引语的定义及使用方法，帮助读者更好地掌握高中语法的秘密。
一、直接引语的定义及使用方法直接引语是指直接将别人的原话以引号括起来进行表达的方式。
在使用直接引语时，需要注意以下几点：1. 引号的使用：在引用别人的原话时，需要使用双引号将内容括起来，例如：“I love English.”。
引号的使用可以表明这是别人的原话，而非自己的陈述。
2. 动词的变化：当引用别人的原话时，需根据时态、人称等情况对动词进行适当的变化。
例如，当引用现在时态的原话时，需将动词改为一般现在时；引用过去时态的原话时，需将动词改为相应的过去时态。
3. 标点符号的位置：在引用别人的原话后，需放置合适的标点符号。
如果引用的内容是一个完整的句子，那么标点符号要放在引号内；如果只是引用的内容是一个短语或词组，那么标点符号要放在引号外。
二、间接引语的定义及使用方法间接引语是指将别人的原话进行转述，表达的格式和自己的陈述相同。
在使用间接引语时，需要注意以下几点：1. 引语的转述：将别人原话的内容用自己的话重新进行表达，而不是直接引用别人的原话。
例如，直接引语：“I love English.” 可以转述为间接引语：“She said that she loves English.”2. 动词的变化：在使用间接引语时，要根据时态、人称等情况对动词进行适当的变化，使其与转述者自己的陈述保持一致。
例如，原话中的动词为现在时态，则转述时的动词也要保持现在时态。
3. 引号的省略：与直接引语不同，间接引语不需要使用引号进行标注，因为转述的内容已经用自己的话陈述清楚。
三、直接间接引语的使用场景直接和间接引语在实际应用中有各自的使用场景。
在以下几种情况下，我们需要运用到直接或间接引语：1. 采访报道：当我们以新闻报道或采访的方式呈现别人的原话时，常常使用直接引语。
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Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth. 2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。 She said:" I went to England in 1998." She said she went to England in 1998. 3. 主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。 He says:" I bought you a book yesterday." He says that he bought me a book yesterday.
(三) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词 this
that
these 时间状语 now
those then
today/tonight
that day/that night
yesterday
the day before
this week/year/term
that week/year/term
（一）人称的变化：
在间接引语当中，人称要根据句子的意思做出相应的变化。如：
第一人称 I /we
第三人称 her/him/them
eg: "Listen to me,please!" John says.
John asks us to listen to him.
She said:" I am hungry."
1) He said: “I’ve left my boo k in my room.”→ He told me that he had left his book in his room.
2) She said: “He will be busy.”→ She said that he would be busy . 要素二： 疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接词用 if 或 whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用 whether，引述动词用 asked，没有间接 引语的可以加一个间接宾语 me, him 等，例如：
told 即 asked sb. (not) to do sth.
ordered warned 注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语。引语中的 please 去掉，动词改为 ask 1) The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” →
She said she was hungry.
第二人称 you
第一/ 三人称 me/us/her/him/them
"I want you to repair an old pump." John says . →John ordered us to repair an old pump. →John ordered them to repair and old pump.
第三人称
she /he/them/ 人物名称
不变
John/Natureao
不变
“Please give her a letter” Natureao tells.
Natureao tells me/them... to give her a letter.
(二)时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。
1
The teacher told the students not to waste their time. 2) The m other said, “Tom, get up early, please.”→ The mother asked Tom to get up early.
（二） “五不变” 在直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下五种不变的特殊情况。
报道过去某人所说的话，间接引语的时态要改变。
其规律如下图:
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
不变
将来进行时
过去将来进行时
将来完成时
过去将来完成时
注意： 1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。 Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."
1．直接引语如果是客观真理，谚（习） 语，变间接引语时时态不变。例如： The teacher said,Байду номын сангаас“ The earth goes round the sun.”→
She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”→ She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 1) She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”→ She asked me whether that bo ok was mine or his. (2) 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如： The teacher asked, “ how did you repair it?” → The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. 要素三：祈使句的间接引语—— 采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。
two years ago
two years before
tomorrow
the next/following day
next year 地点状语 here 动词 come
the next year there go
bring
take
三、句式转换“三要素”和“五不变” （一）三要素 要素一：陈述句的间接引语——连接词用 t hat，在口语中可省略。引述动词用 said, told, 等。例如：
直接引语和间接引语(Reported speech) 一、定义： 直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。
例：He said:" It is too late." 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
例：He said it was too late.
二、直接引语改为间接引语一般规律：