英语国家社会与文化入门(下册)(简称国概)美国重要单元之一UNIT3——AMERICAN-BEGINNINGS
英语国家社会与文化入门(下册)-答案
Key to Exercises 001
UNIT ❶
I. 1. 毛利人，毛利人的 2. 库克海峡 3. 绿党 4. 《21 世纪议程》 5. 沉浸式强化学习（外语）
II.
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. F
5. T
6. F
7. T
8. F
III. 1. Southwest Pacific; Australia 2. Байду номын сангаасothern; July 3. English, Maori 4. isolation 5. Waitangi Tribunal 6. East Polynesia 7. nuclear-free 8. South Pacific; European
UNIT ❸
I. 1. 中世纪 2. 清教徒 3. 五月花号 4. （白人）契约奴 5. 贵格会，教友派 6. 波士顿倾茶党
II.
1. T
2. T
3. F
6. F
7. T
8. F
III. 1. Letters from An American Farmer 2. Asia, Europe, Africa 3. the Incas, the Mayas 4. 1492 5. John Cabot 6. Martin Luther, John Calvin 7. Virginia 8. tobacco 9. Maryland, Catholic 10. The American Revolution
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. F
6. T
7. F
8. F
III. 1. melting pot; salad bowl 2. New York; Wall 3. Mississippi; Missouri 4. antebellum; agricultural 5. breadbasket; salad bowl 6. colonists; Northern Europeans; Southern Europeans 7. Ireland; Potato Famine 8. literacy 9. Protestant; Catholic 10. John F. Kennedy
英语国家社会与文化入门下册unit 3(课堂PPT)
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即最高法院(the Supreme Judicial Court ( SJC )和下 级的联邦法院， 法官由总统提名 并经参议院批准； 拥有释法权和推 翻违宪的法律的 权力。
Some considered it an honor to be sacrificed
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Largest empire in Pre-Columbian era
Incan Empire broken in civil war and destroyed by Spanish
Nicknames for the flag: Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and The StarSpangled Banner
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National anthem:
The Star-Spangled Banner 《星条旗 永不落》
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Massachusetts Connecticut
Ma?ine
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Illinois
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New York
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Ge?orgia ?
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英语国家社会与文化简答题 单元 第三版下册
UNIT 31.what is an American? Comment on the answer to the question by crevecoeur?(1)American is either a European, or the descendant of a European , hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country.He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holdsThe American is a new man ,who acts upon new principles. He must therefore entertain new ideas and form new opinions...this is an American.(2)According to Crevecoeur, The American in those days had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants without taking into consideration other nationalities such as American Indians ans blacks. But today , the picture of an American is more complex.2 How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?Some new and powerful social forces began to emerge which led to the awakening of Europe and the discovery of America.The first new force was the development of capitalism, and it produced the bourgeois class and the working class.The second major force was Renaissance, which was marked by a changing outlook on life.The third influential force was Religious Reformation, a religious reform movement that started form Germany.3 What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?on the one hand, the English and other Europeans went to North American for seeking freedom. But on the other hand, these very white people who were seeking and fighting for their own freedom deprived black Africans of their freedomThe two events combined constituted a unique American . First one is that on July, 30,1619,the first meeting of an elected legislature took place in North American. The second one is a dutch ship brought in over 20 Negroes, who were acted as servants for years.Yes, I do.4 In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?The Puritans believed that governments should enforce God's morality. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, violators of the Sabbath and other religious believers different from themselves. Roger Williams, one of the Puritans who protested that the state should not interfere with religion, was driven out of Massachusetts. In 1635, he set up Rhode Island colony, which guaranteed religious freedom and the separation of church and state. The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.5.what were some causes of the American RevolutionLong-term social, economic, and political changes in the colonies before 1750 provided the basis for an independent nation with representatives political institutions.More immediately, the French and Indian War (1754-1763) changed the relationship between the colonies and their mother country.Finally, a decade of conflicts between the British government and the colonist, beginning with the Stamp Act crisis in 1765, led to the outbreak of war in 1775 and the Declaration of Independence inUNIT 51. do you agree that cultivators of the earth are most valuable citizenYes, I do agree the point that “cultivators of the earth are the most valuable citizens”. My reasons for my agreement can be illustrated as follows:Firstly, though outward forms have changed, the vital importance of agriculture has not. Agriculture provid es the sustenance that meets people’s most basic needs. Agriculture and its related industries serve as the foundation of American economic lifeSecondly, They have shown a spirit of individualism that the rest of society has admired. To a large extent, agricultural values have been adopted and celebrated by the society as a whole.Thirdly, American agriculture is big business. It provides the rest world with lots of food. So as the main body of agriculture, cultivators of the earth contribute a lot to Ame rican’s economic.2. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?In order to invest, individuals do not have to have a great deal of money: they can buy just a small portion of a business—called a share. The business of buying and selling shares in enterprises has become so big that offices have had to be set up where the selling of shares, or stock , can take place. These places, located in many cities in the United States and around the world, are called stock exchanges.3.Give examples of industries which are declining, and industries which are fast developing in the US.Generally speaking, declining industries would be industries where labor cost is high and its growth potential is limited. The Auto industry is in a declining state but of course if they reinvent their automobiles things could pick up for them. Developing industries would be the hi tech sector. Especially in companies that are developing new types of technology to help our environment by developing new types of technology in many areas. Especially energy conservation technology and new types of alternative energies. Also, new types of technology where we would be using fewer resources for our daily usage.4.What is the current economic situation in America? How did the great recession begin?what does it show?(1)In late 2007 the US economy suffered a severe recession, it was a crisis that began in Americabut soon turned global. Millions of people in America and all over the world lost their homes and jobs. It has resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, and downturns in stock markets around the world,(2)Many economists believe that the problems are revealing defects in the free market systemand US government financial policies.(3)Question the soundness of this country's economy and even the appropriate shape of acapitalist system,UNIT 61 In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs. Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree, however,"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights," and that "the laws of Nature and Nature's God" entitled them to form a new nation. Among the rights that the new nation guaranteed, as a political necessity in a religiously diverse society, was freedom of religion. The First Amendment insured that American government would not meddle in religious affairs or require any religious beliefs of its citizens.2 What is the relationship between government and religion in America?In some ways, the government supports all religions. Religious groups do not pay taxes in the United States. But government does not pay ministers' salaries or require any belief—not even a beliefin God—as a condition of holding public office. Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead3 What promotes the diversity in American religion?Continuous immigration.The united states has always been a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Frontier American provided plenty of room to set up a new church or found a new community.Many religious communities and secular utopias, or experiments in new forms of social living.were founded in 18th, and 19th century America.Other world religions are increasing their numbers and influence in America such as Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism.4. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?First of all, Americans with different religions live together under the same law.Secondly, the religious beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress.In Europe, scientific and economic advance and rising material prosperity have accompanied by a decline in religious observance bu in the US, this has not happened.Thirdly, in the United States every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its own building.There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history,UNIT 81. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.The goal is—and has been since the early decades of the republic—to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the general public. Though this goal has not yet been fully achieved, it remains an ideal toward which the American educational system is directed. The progress which has been made is notable both for its scope and for the educational methods which have been developed in the process of achieving it.2. How did American education begin to develop?In 1634, they opened a “lateen grammar” school, a school for those who wanted to prepare for college.In 1636, Harvard College was founded for the training of religious ministers.In 1634 and 1638, the Puritans passed laws declaring that all property could be taxed for the common good, which included the support of school.In 1642 and 1647, the Bay Colony passed laws requiring all parents to provide reading educating for their children.At the end of the 18th century, elementary education throughout the United States was in local hands.3. What are the major characteristics of education in America?(1)Different education laws for different states.(2)Several levels of schooling：Elementary Schooling，Secondary Schooling and High Schooling.(3)curricula for students: there is no national curriculum in the United States.(3)Compulsory education for all students.(4)Equal education opportunities for minority groups.(5)Strong demand for higher education.(6)The complex system of higher education.Some states play a strong role in the selection of learning material for their students.Schools were asked not only to teach this new information, but to help students ask their own questions about it. The “inquiry” method of learning , focusing on solving problems rather than memorizing facts, became popular.。
(完整版)英语国家社会与文化入门下册
New England also established another Americantradition —a strainof often intolerant moralism. The Puritans believedthat governments shouldenforce God'smorality. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, violators of the Sabbath andother religious believers different from themselves. Roger Williams, one of the Puritans whoprotestedthatthe state shouldnotinterfere withreligion, was drivenout of Massachusetts. In1635, he set up Rhode Island colony, whichguaranteedreligious freedomand the separationof churchand state. The Puritans also haveleft rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.1) Long-term social, economic, and political changes in the colonies before1750 provided the basis for anindependent nationwithrepresentatives political institutions.2) More immediately, the French and Indian War (1754-1763) changed the relationship between the colonies and their mother country.3) Finally, a decade of conflicts between the British government and thecolonist, beginningwiththe StampAct crisis in1765, ledtothe outbreak of war in 1775 and the Declaration of Independence inIf Congress proposes a law that the president thinks is unwise, the presidentcanvetoit. Thatmeans theproposal does notbecomelaw. Congress canenactthelaw despite the president's views only if two-thirds of the members of bothhousesvote in favor of it.If Congress passes a law which is then challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and therefore no longer in effect.The president has the power to make treaties with other nations and to make all appointments to federal positions, including the position of Supreme Court justice. The Senate, however, must approve all treaties and confirm all appointments before they become official. Inthis way the Congress canpreventthe president from making unwise appointmentsIn the essay Emerson clearly expresses the main principles of his Transcendentalist pursuit andhis love for nature. Emersondevelops his concept of"Over-Soul" Or "Universal Mind". Last but not the leas, it affirms the divinity of the human beingsThe "LostGeneration" is a termusedtodescribe the generationof youngmen andwomenwhocametomaturity inthe20s. Someof themfoughtinWorldWar I.They became disgusted with war and disillusioned with the post-war society. They shared the same sense of dislocation, rootlessness and disillusionment.The goal is —and has been since the early decades of the republic —toachieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the general public.Though this goal has not yet been fully achieved,it remains anideal toward which the American educational system is directed. The progress which has been made is notable both for its scope and for the educational methods which have been developed in the process of achieving it.2 Discuss the social and cultural values embodied inthe Dreaming. 讨论社会和文化价值在做梦中的体现Membership ina particular language group was of great social and cultural significance. Traditionally, languages belong to tracts of country which, in the belief systemof the Dreaming, have beenputintheir places by Dreamtime creatorfigures.。
英语国家社会与文化入门下册uni
The Democratic Party (民主党) and the Republican Party(共和党). No. they have the same purpose that protect the rule of the capitalist
3,What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the US government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?
5,What are the two political parties in the US? Do you think they are fundamentally different?
If Congress passes a law which is challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and no longer in effect.
A federal system has a strong central government. Under this system, the US is a united country. But a confederation can’t achieve this purpose.
《英语国家社会与文化入门》(简称英美概况)美国答案
美国UNIT 3 1。
What is an American? He is either a European, or the descendant of a European，hence that strange mixture of blood，which you will find in no other country。
He is an American，who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced，the new government he obeys，and the new rank he holds. .。
Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men，whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world。
.。
The American is a new man，who acts new principles；he must therefore entertain new ideas，and form new opinions。
4 。
In what way did Puritanism influence American culture？A. Today, Puritans are no longer in existence. But their legacies are still felt in American society and culture。
For example，the Puritans hoped to build ”a city upon hill” an ideal community. Since that time, Americans have viewed their country as a great experiment，a worthy model for other nations. This sense of mission has been very strong in the minds of many Americans。
英语国家社会文化入门下次 第三单元 (人工翻译)
Unit3:美国的开始什么是美国？这已经变成了一个经典的问题，这个问题不仅是外国人参观美国时会发出的，连美国人自己也在问这个问题。
当美国人感到困惑的时候，当他们处在危机当中时，他们会问他们到底是谁，并且尝试去查明作为一个美国人的意义在哪里。
实际上，这个著名的问题是出自一位名叫赫克托·圣约翰·德克雷夫科尔的法国人所提出来了，他在18世纪定居于宾夕法尼亚州。
在1782年，这位法国农夫在伦敦出版了一本名为《一封来自美国农民的信》，在这本书中，他提出了这个问题，并且反问他自己：“那美国人呢，他们是新的种族吗？他既不是欧洲人，也不是欧洲人的后裔，他们是一种在任何国家都看不到的强大的血缘融合。
我可以向你例证在一个家庭中，爷爷可能是英国人，他的妻子是荷兰人，他的儿子嫁给了一个法国人，而且他们的儿子娶了4个不同国家的老婆。
美国人是这样的人：他们把所有过去的偏见和习俗抛在脑后，而从他们所热爱的新生活方式、他们所依附的新政府、他享有的新地位中接受新的一套。
来自各个民族的人，在此熔成为一个新的名族，他们的劳动及他们的后代必将给世界带来大的变化......美国人是一种新人，他按新的原则办事，他们因此必须吸取新的思想，形成新的见解......这就是美国人。
”按照德克雷夫科尔所说的，如今的美国人和他们的后裔都是欧洲人混种，但是却没有把美洲印第安人和黑种人考虑在内。
如今，对于美国人的描述越来越复杂。
在美国的家庭中，女婿和儿媳可能是欧洲人的后裔，也可能是非洲美国人或是亚洲移民，尽管这种家庭是由白人黑人亚洲人混血而成，但这毕竟只是少数。
想要去了解美国的话，让我们先回到美国的过去。
新大陆美洲大陆居住的是两次长期人口迁移运动所带来的人民，第一次是从亚洲来的，第二次是从欧洲和非洲。
向美洲的第一次人口迁移运动大约始于25000年之前，当时在西伯利亚的部族为了寻找新的猎场或逃避追赶的敌人越过白令海峡，到达阿拉斯加。
到1492年，大约1000～2000万土生土长的美洲人生活在美洲，他们被哥伦布错认为印度人。
英语国家社会与文化入门下册PPT教学课件-U1
Māoritanga
-the iwi: a Māori tribe, the main social organization in Māori society;
Left: Auckland, the largest city of New Zealand; Right: Wellington’s Beehive, the national symbol of executive power
• Climate and Wildlife
-the southern temperate latitudes midway between the Equator and the South Pole; -maritime climate; -seasons opposite to the Northern Hemisphere; - isolated from the rest of the world for 80 million years, New Zealand developed unique flora and fauna. -80% of the trees, ferns and flowering plants are endemic (found only in New Zealand); -6.2 million hectares of native forest
I. Land and Environment
• Georgraphy: “Aotearoa”--“Land of the long white cloud”
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Text什么是美国的？这已经成为一个经典的问题不仅是美国访问的外国人，更是美国人常常问自己。
当美国人感到困惑，或者当他们在危机时，他们问他们是谁，并试图找出什么是美国人的手段。
事实上，这个著名的问题时，首先问一个法国人称为J.海克特圣约翰日克雷弗克谁定居在宾夕法尼亚州的18世纪。
在1782年，这个法国农民在伦敦出版了一本书，从美国的农民，他所提出的问题，并回答了自己提出的信：“那么，什么是美国，这个新好男人？他要么是欧洲，或子孙欧洲，因此，随着血液中奇妙的混合在一起，你会发现在没有其他国家。
我可以向你指出，一个家庭，其祖父是英国人，他的妻子是一位荷兰人，他的儿子娶了一位法国妇女，其目前有4个儿子现在4个不同国家的妻子。
他是美国人，谁在他身后留下他的所有古老的偏见和方式，收到他的生活已经接受，他的新政府遵循的新模式新，而新职，他认为。
· · ·在这里个人的所有国家都成为一个男人，他们的劳动力和子孙后代新一轮融化总有一天会导致世界。
美国是一个新好男人，原则的行为后，新的巨大变化，他因此必须招待新的想法，和形式·新意见·这是一个美国人。
据克雷弗克，在那些日子里，美国有没有考虑到欧洲人的或其后代混血儿，如美洲印第安人和黑人其他民族。
今天，美国情况较为复杂。
在美国家庭中，有可能是儿子，儿媳或女儿女婿与欧洲后裔或非裔美国人和亚裔移民尽管这些白人混血与其他黑人或亚洲人的家庭占少数。
为了理解这一点，美国，让我们回到美国的过去。
A New Land美国大陆的人居住，作为两个结果长期持续的移民运动，第一个来自亚洲，欧洲和非洲的第二位。
第一乐章开始大概25 000年前，当西伯利亚部落，在新的狩猎区或从追求寻求避难的敌人，在越过白令海峡到达阿拉斯加。
到1492年，超过10-20万人，误称为居住克里斯托弗哥伦布在美洲，印第安人。
他们发展了自己的原住民文化，从原始的部落那些从简单到复杂不等的阿兹特克人，印加人，玛雅人和灿烂的文明。
但他们的技术发展已经落后于欧洲和亚洲。
第二迁移到美洲开始与欧洲在16世纪的现代时期的开始扩张。
1492年，哥伦布说服西班牙国王和王后为了资助他的航程。
他认为，欧洲的帆船从西，他可以达到远东。
他没有成功，而是他降落在巴哈马群岛的一个在加勒比海和“发现”新大陆。
根据哥伦布发现，西班牙国王可以要求在美洲地区，后来西班牙征服了新的土地，并建立了一个庞大帝国，抓住了印度人的巨大财富。
在1497年，另一家意大利水手，谁是约翰卡博特在英国国王的服务在今天抵达加拿大，和英国国王声称，在整个北美地区属于英国。
执行这项索赔，英国人开始建立由17世纪初在北美的永久定居点。
Europe in the 16th and 17thCenturies在北美英国永久定居点始于17世纪时，西欧正在经历的巨大变化。
在中世纪时期（公元500年之间和AD1500），欧洲是根据罗马天主教会的单一精神权威。
在封建农奴制度的盛行。
农民或农奴被束缚在土地上，并在他们的领主下地干活。
商人和工匠残疾人的社会混乱。
艺术和学习是由教会控制。
到了16世纪，一些新的和强大的社会力量开始出现，而导致觉醒，欧洲和美洲的发现。
第一个新的力量是资本主义的发展。
资本主义的发展产生2 *，资产阶级和工人阶级的新类。
随着商业和贸易的快速发展，日益强大的资产阶级在政治以及经济。
他们希望分享封建领主，在一些国家，如英国的权力，他们希望从国王，使更多的权力，他们可以自由发展。
英国革命是资本主义的这种增长的结果。
第二个主要力量，对欧洲现代发展带来了文艺复兴时期，这是由一个改变生活面貌显着。
上帝为中心的世界是在挑战自然和社会科学的重大进展。
人们开始对自己更有信心，表现出更多的关于他们在全世界的利益。
许多挑战圣经的权威。
并愿意观察，实验和测试自己的真理。
这种态度推动了技术的发展。
第三个有影响力的是宗教改革，宗教的改革运动，从德国开始。
在1517年，马丁路德，德国的神学教授，提出了“九十五条论纲”，防止滥用和腐败抗议教会的教堂大门。
他认为，教皇无权出售“的宽容，为缓解的罪孽”。
他认为，有罪的人既可以赢得良好的工作也不是通过教会和教宗得救，但只有在耶稣基督的信仰，并通过直接关系到上帝。
而唯一真正的指南上帝的意志是圣经。
由于马丁路德反对天主教会抗议，宗教改革来到被称为新教改革。
马丁路德后不久开始了他的反抗，约翰加尔文，法国人，谁逃到瑞士，开始了他的改革运动。
加尔文曾在英国许多追随者将稍缓。
在英格兰，亨利八世，因为与罗马天主教会的政治争端和，因为他的个人婚姻问题，脱离了罗马天主教会，并成立英国教会，他成为英国教会负责人自己。
这些宗教的改革有许多共同之处。
他们都提出了挑战教皇和天主教会的权威控制人民的宗教信仰和民族国家政治事务的干扰。
谁支持的个人认为，人可以拯救只有通过建立一个信仰与上帝直接接触，通过教会或其priests.These改革没有，改革基督教信徒反映了在欧洲的民族主义的兴起，代表了需求资产阶级的自由发展，并表达了普通劳动人民的愿望，特别是为从农奴的封建统治的解放。
因此，新教改革表示欢迎的领导人，中产阶级和欧洲劳动人民，特别是在西欧国家。
因此，新教徒和面额远播。
对新出现的新力量的背景下，英国殖民地，将成为美国在北美种植。
The Settlement in Virginia第一批英国永久定居于1607年在弗吉尼亚州。
这是由一个由英国国王詹姆斯一世的公司章程伦敦公司组织发送的144至弗吉尼亚州英三人小型船舶。
在跨越大西洋的远航，44人死亡，100名幸存者的河流一边降落，詹姆斯河，他们在他们的国王命名，并开始建立一个小镇称为詹姆斯敦。
100殖民者的大多是冒险的英国绅士，包括一些商业人士谁拒绝做任何手工劳动，也没有多少人愿意劳动者。
然而，伦敦的公司曾希望有一个快速的投资回报，并指示他们对黄金和其他财富追捕，尽快为他们在弗吉尼亚州降落。
当殖民者定居下来，他们没有种植粮食。
相反，其中一些劳动者开始挖掘黄金和其他财富的外观，同时这些英国绅士闲置，无所事事。
不幸的是，什么也没有找到。
很快，他们遇到了粮食短缺。
当第二组的男子被送到了伦敦与物资公司，除第一次来港定居人士38人死亡。
詹姆斯敦是一个很大的危机。
然后了约翰史密斯上尉领导。
他让每个人施加的工作纪律。
几年后，另一个殖民地，约翰罗尔夫开始尝试与西印度烟草和生长良好，这家工厂在弗吉尼亚州的土壤。
烟草种植的迅速蔓延向上和向下的解决，取得了出售烟草到欧洲的利润。
与此同时，约翰罗尔夫娶了一个印第安部落长公主。
这导致了婚姻的结束两岸敌对状态的白人和印第安人的一段时间。
烟草的种植保存定居者和婚姻的时间发展的殖民者。
1619年，两个事件发生在弗吉尼亚州，地方会影响美国文化的塑造了很多。
在1619年7月30日，在詹姆斯敦教堂，来自弗吉尼亚州的各个社区选出的代表开会作为市民等级众议院讨论，以及省长和他的委员会成员被任命谁，为殖民地13条立法。
这是对未来的美国第一个例子，一个选举产生的立法机关，代表大会在北美，第一次会议。
这被认为是自我的光辉榜样，美国政府的公务员，但白没有他们的代表。
一个月后，发生在弗吉尼亚州有另一个事件。
一名荷兰船舶带来超过20黑人，谁被收购作为多年期的公务员担任英寸因此，一开始取得了非洲人对在什么是美国共和奴役。
这两项活动结合起来构成一个独特的美国现象。
一方面，英国和其他欧洲国家去北美洲寻求自由。
但在另一方面，这些人很白谁正在寻找和争取自己的自由被剥夺自由的非洲黑人。
乔治华盛顿是美国的一个自由的伟大战士，托马斯杰斐逊是美国独立宣言的主要作者，但两人是奴隶主与黑人奴隶超过200元。
Puritan New England今天，包括新英格兰马萨诸塞州，康涅狄格州，新罕布什尔州，佛蒙特州，缅因州的美国东北部和罗得岛。
第二持久英国定居成立于1620年马萨诸塞湾。
它是由谁脱离英国教会本身的英语清教徒。
如上所述，亨利八世切断了与罗马教皇的政治关系，成立了英国教会，但没有在宗教信仰和习俗的改革。
一种认为，英国天主教教会过于一群人，要“净化”的教会，因此称为“清教徒”。
这些清教徒新教徒谁之后，约翰加尔文的学说。
他们有来自天主教会不同的宗教信仰。
他们认为，上帝是不懂的人，上帝的力量是全知的，但隐藏的，不知道的人，而天主教徒相信上帝可以通过他在地球上，教皇的代表达成的。
清教徒拯救了不同天主教徒。
清教徒确信，人类是由上帝注定他们born.15之前，有些人神的选民，而其他人注定要被该死的地狱。
因此，没有好的作品可以拯救任何人，也没有人知道，如果他或她是上帝的选举。
但是天主教徒认为，一个人可以承认他或她的罪孽，做好工作，把钱交给教会和买回他或她的灵魂。
是否有任何的清教徒证据显示，一些人是上帝的选民？清教徒认为，每个人都有一个电话，这是神所赋予。
一个人的工作或在他的繁荣要求的成功是被上帝所拣选的迹象。
因此，每个人都必须努力工作，花费少和投资，更多的业务。
努力工作和生活的道德生活是他们的道德。
清教徒怎么能找到上帝的旨意并与上帝建立直接联系？他们认为，圣经是他们的理论权威。
因此，每一个清教徒必须阅读圣经，以寻找上帝的意志，为自己的个人与上帝联系人搜索。
为了能够阅读和理解圣经上帝的意志，教育是必不可少的清教徒。
这种清教徒信仰是异端的英国教会，使他们受到残酷迫害。
其中一些人被关进监狱，甚至他们的宗教信仰处决。
其中一些反击，开始了英国革命。
奥利弗克伦威尔的清教徒之一，成为革命领袖，推翻了君主制，在国王查理一世斩首，成立共和国。
认为英国太损坏和绝望，并决定脱离英国清教徒自己的其他一些。
他们逃到荷兰那里是宗教freedom.33在那里，他们被允许举行会见和不受干涉他们的服务。
但作为外国人，他们是不能加入荷兰工匠行会，所以他们长期工作在低技术，低工资的工作努力。
他们进一步困扰他们的孩子们开始说荷兰语的，嫁到荷兰的家庭，失去了英国性。
在清教徒的一些决定再次搬迁，横跨大西洋，当时他们可能觉得更快乐的生活的机会，也崇拜他们感到高兴。
这种清教徒组发现的领导人在伦敦一些商人航程必要的资金。
1620年，35清教徒和67非清教徒了船舶的五月花，离开北美荷兰。
在他们到达目的地，在清教徒前辈一制定了一个被称作罗杰威廉斯，由乘客的41个签署的协议。
他们形成了自己的宗教社区，设立一般殖民地他们会很好地在新的发现一个文官政府。
他们落脚在普利茅斯，美国马萨诸塞州。
阿更大的清教徒殖民地成立于1630年波士顿地区由1635年的清教徒定居者迁移到附近的康涅狄格州。
逐渐下降，边境环境和人口的流动性。
随着时间的推移，新的一代许多不再坚持正统清教。
许多人移居美国的西方和其他地区。
今天，清教徒不再存在。
但他们的遗产仍然认为在美国社会和文化。